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Phylum Ctenophora Comb Jellies 1 Phylulm Ctenophora Phylum Ctenophora (Comb Bearers) Defining Characteristics – – 2 Plates of fused cilia arranged in rows Adhesive prey capturing cells (colloblasts) Comb jellies are delicate, transparent, non-stinging predators Phylulm Ctenophora Ctenophora Structure 3 Similar in structure to Cnidaria medusa Poorly studied due to fragile nature Phylulm Ctenophora Ctenophore Structure 4 Body surface has eight rows of comb-like paddles Comb paddle has thousands of cilia used to swim Phylulm Ctenophora Apical Sense Organ Apical sense organ located on the aboral surface controls beating of cilia – 5 Statolith and balancers Phylulm Ctenophora Colloblasts Sticky retractile tentacle used to catch prey – 6 Colloblast discharge an adhesive thread which is sticky to the touch Some spp. lack tentacles and the body is studded with colloblasts Phylulm Ctenophora Digestion 7 Feed on plankton, other ctenophores and other Cnidarian jellies Gut extends through the entire body; mouth is at the oral end Anal pore is at the aboral end Phylulm Ctenophora Reproduction Can rapidly regenerate lost or damaged parts Usually hermaphrodites Developmental stage – 8 Cydippid larva, this develops into an adult Phylulm Ctenophora Evolutionary history and Bioluminescence 9 Phylulm Ctenophora Evolutionary History Characteristic Developmental Stage Digestive System Nematocysts Colloblast Sexuality Musculature Ciliation 10 Ctenophores Cnidarians Cydippid Planula Gastrovascular canals Gastrovascular canals None Present Present None Hermaphroditic Gonochoristic Within Mesoglea Within Gastrodermis Multiciliated cells Monociliated cells Phylulm Ctenophora Ctenophore diversity Most species live in the open ocean and are not well studied – Phylum Ctenophora – – 11 New studies use submersibles and divers to collect specimens, eliminating specimen destruction by fast towed nets Order Lobata Order Beroida Phylulm Ctenophora Order Lobata Order Lobata – – 12 Posses long tentacles throughout the lifecycle Retractile in nature Phylulm Ctenophora Order Beroida 13 Order Beroida – Lack tentacles, or oral lobes – Can consume prey substantially larger than itself Phylulm Ctenophora