Download Measuring Progress in Least Developed Countries a statistical profile

Measuring Progress
in Least Developed Countries
a statistical profile
FOREWORD
During the past few years there have been positive developments in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs)—growth has
been favourable in many countries; primary school enrolment has increased in most LDCs; good governance has become
priority concern in many; and reforms in the investment climate have moved forward in some countries. But despite these
improvements, the more than 750 million people living in the LDCs remain extremely vulnerable. Fifty countries, roughly a
quarter of the UN membership, are classified as LDCs: 34 in Africa, 15 in Asia-Pacific, and one in the Caribbean.
Measuring Progress in Least Developed Countries: a statistical profile will be useful to member states, development
partners, international organizations, civil society, private sector, the media and the LDCs themselves. The information
in this publication provides a measure of the progress made by the LDCs in their social and economic development. It
also highlights the challenges they face to meet the goals and objectives of the Brussels Programme of Action and the
internationally agreed development goals including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The LDCs themselves
are responsible for their own development, and they must be the main driving force behind development efforts. However,
assistance and support from the international community is essential to help them plan, mobilize resources, develop the use
of technology, improve capacity, and execute national development programmes.
In May 2001 the Third United Nations Conference on the LDCs adopted the Brussels Programme of Action for the Least
Developed Countries for the Decade 2001 to 2010 – a commitment to eradicate poverty and improve the quality of lives of
people living in these countries through effective partnership. The success of this programme is a clear prerequisite for the
international community to meet the broader MDGs by 2015.
The Brussels Programme is a comprehensive poverty reduction and development strategy tailored to the special needs
of LDCs. Designed as a framework of partnership between LDCs and their development partners, it incorporates 30
international development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration. These time-bound and measurable
goals provide benchmarks for monitoring progress and serve as an effective means for planning, policymaking, institutional
reform, and resource mobilization.
This joint publication demonstrates the commitment of the World Bank and the United Nations to work together with the
LDCs and all stakeholders to implement fully and effectively the goals of the Brussels Programme and thereby contributing
also to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.
World Bank
Development Data Group
Measuring progress in least developed countries
United Nations
Office of the High Representative for Least Developed
Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries, and Small
Island Developing States
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Measuring Progress in Least Developed Countries: a statistical profile is a joint product of the World Bank and the
United Nations. The Development Data Group (DECDG) of the World Bank and the UN’s Office of the High Representative
for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and the Small Island Developing States (UN-OHRLLS)
have compiled this statistical profile of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) to provide a statistical overview of these
countries. It is being released in the context of the midterm comprehensive global review by the United Nations General
Assembly in September 2006 of the implementation of the Brussels Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries
for the Decade 2001-2010.
The choice of indicators and text content was shaped through close consultation between the two organizations. The
World Bank team, under the management of Shaida Badiee, comprised David Cieslikowski, Richard Fix, Masako Hiraga,
Priya Pandya, Sulekha Patel, Will Prince, and Eric Swanson. The United Nations team, under the direction of Anwarul K.
Chowdhury, included Om Pradhan, Ricardo Dunn, Ernest Kraka, Yuya Uchida and Daniel Nagashima. And Francesca
Coullare and Francesca Perucci of the UN Statistics Division provided advice on the data.
The Development Data Group of the World Bank provided overall design direction, editing, and layout. Staff from the
United Nations oversaw publication and dissemination of the book.
4
Measuring progress in least developed countries
INTRODUCTION
The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) are the poorest and weakest members of the international community, and they
are the most vulnerable, economically, socially, and environmentally. In 2005, an estimated 750 million people lived in the
50 LDCs—about 12 percent of the world’s population. By 2015, the target year for the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs), another 200 million people will be added, making the reduction, let alone eradication, of poverty more difficult in
these countries.
The economies of LDCs are marked by startling poverty conditions. Fifty per cent of their populations live on less than $1
dollar a day, and 80 percent on less than $2 a day. Life expectancy is declining as a result of malnutrition, HIV/AIDS, and
other diseases like malaria and tuberculosis. And the resources and technologies available to most LDCs are limited.
Several LDCs are further handicapped by geography. Twenty-eight of them are landlocked or far-flung, small islands.
There are many that are plagued by conflicts and natural disasters, making economic progress a greater challenge for these
most disadvantaged countries.
LDCs are defined by three criteria set out by the United Nations General Assembly:
◊ low-income—based on a three-year average estimate of the gross national income (GNI) per capita (under $750 for
inclusion, above $900 for graduation);
◊ human resource weakness—a composite Human Assets Index (HAI) based on indicators of nutrition, health,
education, and adult literacy; and
◊ economic vulnerability—a composite Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI) based on indicators of the instability of
agricultural production, the instability of exports of goods and services, the economic importance of non-traditional
activities (share of manufacturing and modern services in GDP), merchandise export concentration, the handicap of
economic smallness (as measured through the population in logarithm), and the percentage of population displaced
by natural disasters.
For more than 25 years, the LDCs have been the focus of international attention and the target of specific programmes
within the United Nations and the international community. The current Brussels Programme of Action was designed
to address specific needs of the LDCs and to help them eradicate poverty and improve the standard of living for their
peoples.
For most LDCs, official development assistance (ODA) remains a critical resource for achieving objectives, goals and
targets of the Brussels Programme. In that context, the recent trend in the increased level of ODA for the LDCs is a welcome
sign. Total OECD/DAC aid to LDCs reached US $23.5 billion in 2004 – a sizeable increase from US $15 billion in 2003.
The Bretton Woods institutions, along with the regional and other multilateral financial institutions, have played a critical
role in the development of most LDCs and will continue to do so between now and 2010 when the Brussels Programme will
conclude, and beyond to 2015 when the MDGs are targeted to be achieved,.
The UN Office of the High Representative for the LDCs, Landlocked Developing Countries, and Small Island Developing
States has developed a set of priority actions to further the implementation of the Brussels Programme. These are:
◊ rural development and agriculture;
◊ infrastructure, including information and communications technology;
◊ good governance, including at local levels where the actual implementation of development projects and
programmes take place;
◊ gender mainstreaming and empowerment of women;
◊ energy as a driving force for economic development and social well-being; and
◊ conflict resolution.
With the required focus from development partners, there is a far greater chance that the LDCs will achieve the
objectives of the Brussels Programme by the end of the decade.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
5
Brussels Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries
for the Decade 2001-2010
The Brussels Programme for the decade 2001-2010 was adopted at the Third United Nations Conference on the LDCs
in Brussels on 20 May 2001, and was subsequently endorsed by the General Assembly1.
A midterm comprehensive global review of the programme is planned for the upcoming 61st session of the General
Assembly in September 2006. In a planned high-level meeting, LDCs will report on national implementation reviews
during the last five years, the obstacles they faced in the process, and their proposals for what needs to be done during
the remaining period of the programme to meet the seven commitments to the maximum extent possible. Following
individual assessments at the national level, a similar exercise was undertaken at the regional level organized by the
United Nations Office of the High Representative and the United Nations Regional Commissions2. The LDC ministers
then gathered at the invitation of the Government of Benin, in Cotonou during 5-8 June 2006, where they consolidated
their positions in the Cotonou Strategy for the further implementation of the Brussels Programme in the second half of
the Decade 2001-2010.
Prior to the High-Level Meeting of the General Assembly, the preparations by the UN membership as a whole will be
undertaken at an experts’ meeting of the General Assembly in New York from 5 to 7 September 2006.
The United Nations system agencies, including the Bretton Woods institutions, are very much involved in the
implementation process of the programme of action, as called for in the Brussels Programme as well as in the relevant
resolutions of the General Assembly. Accordingly, the governing bodies of a good number of UN agencies and other
multilateral organizations have decided to mainstream the implementation of the Brussels Programme in their work
programme. For the midterm review, several of them prepared their own sectoral reports outlining their contribution to
the implementation of the programme and are also organizing many special events as part of preparatory process for
the review.
1
Resolution 55/279, 12 July 2001.
Bangkok (14-15 March 2006).
6
2
African LDCs in Addis Ababa (21-23 February 2006), and Asia Pacific LDCs in
Measuring progress in least developed countries
CONTENTS
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Contents
Locator map
LDC Development Indicators
LDC Country tables
Afghanistan
Angola
Bangladesh
Benin
Bhutan
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Democratic Republic
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Haiti
Kiribati
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Myanmar
Nepal
Niger
Rwanda
Samoa
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Solomon Islands
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tuvalu
Uganda
Vanuatu
Yemen
Zambia
Notes to LDC Country tables
Measuring progress in least developed countries
7
Least Developed Countries
Africa (34 countries)
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Democratic Republic of Congo
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
The Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
8
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Measuring progress in least developed countries
Asia and Pacific (15 countries)
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Latin America and Caribbean (1 country)
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
Haiti
Haiti
Measuring progress in least developed countries
9
10
Measuring progress in least developed countries
LDC DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
Table 1. Population and the economy
Table 2. Poverty, hunger, and life expectancy
Table 3. Reproductive health
Table 4. Education - participation and efficiency
Table 5. Education - completion and outcomes
Table 6. Infant and child health
Table 7. HIV/AIDS
Table 8. Disease prevention
Table 9. Improved water and sanitation
Table 10. Communications
Table 11. Transportation services
Table 12. External debt
Symbols and data presentation conventions
..
means that data are not available.
0 or 0.0
means zero or less than half the unit shown.
$
means current U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted
A billion is 1,000 million.
Figures in italics refer to years or periods other than
those specified or to growth rates calculated for less
than the full period specified.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
11
1
Population
millions
2005
Average annual Gross national income
population growth
rate
per capita
$ billions
$
2000-2005
2005
2005
PPP gross national
income
$ billions
2005
per capita
$
2005
Gross capital
formation
Foreign direct
investment
% of GDP
2005
% of GDP
2004
Africa
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
15.9
8.4
13.2
7.5
0.5
4.0
9.7
0.6
57.5
0.8
0.5
4.4
71.3
1.5
9.4
1.6
1.8
3.3
18.6
12.9
13.5
3.1
19.8
14.0
9.0
0.2
11.7
5.5
8.2
36.2
38.3
6.1
28.8
11.7
2.8
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.4
1.3
3.4
2.1
2.8
2.1
2.3
4.3
2.1
2.8
2.2
3.0
0.1
1.4
2.8
2.3
3.0
3.0
2.0
3.4
2.4
2.3
2.4
4.1
3.2
1.9
2.0
2.7
3.4
1.7
21.5
4.3
5.2
0.7
0.9
1.4
3.9
0.4
6.9
0.8
0.3
1.0
11.1
0.4
3.5
0.3
1.7
0.4
5.4
2.1
5.1
1.7
6.1
3.3
2.1
0.1
8.2
1.2
..
23.3
12.7
2.2
7.9
5.7
1,350
510
400
100
1,870
350
400
640
120
1,020
710
220
160
290
370
180
960
130
290
160
380
560
310
240
230
390
710
220
..
640
340
350
280
490
35.2
9.4
16.1
4.8
3.0
4.6
14.3
1.2
41.4
1.8
3.7
4.4
71.3
2.9
21.1
1.1
6.1
..
16.4
8.4
13.5
6.6
25.1
11.2
11.9
..
20.6
4.3
..
72.5
28.0
9.5
43.2
11.1
2,210
1,110
1,220
640
6,000
1,140
1,470
2,000
720
2,240
7,580
1,010
1,000
1,920
2,240
700
3,410
..
880
650
1,000
2,150
1,270
800
1,320
..
1,770
780
..
2,000
730
1,550
1,500
950
12.5
19.6
20.6
12.1
23.3
14.8
17.4
10.9
14.3
12.9
..
20.1
26.3
25.0
11.7
14.6
36.0
15.9
22.4
14.5
23.8
..
22.2
18.5
21.0
44.1
23.4
15.0
..
22.4
18.9
17.6
22.7
25.8
7.4
1.5
0.7
0.5
2.2
-1.0
11.1
0.5
2.8
5.0
51.4
3.2
5.6
15.0
2.6
1.9
9.0
4.0
1.0
0.8
3.7
19.6
4.1
0.5
0.4
94.5
0.9
2.4
..
7.0
2.2
2.9
3.3
6.2
29.9
141.8
0.9
14.1
0.1
5.9
0.3
50.5
27.1
0.2
0.5
1.0
..
0.2
21.0
..
1.9
2.6
2.0
1.8
2.3
2.5
1.1
2.1
0.8
2.6
4.4
..
2.0
3.1
7.0
66.2
0.8
5.3
0.1
2.6
0.8
..
7.3
0.4
0.3
0.7
..
0.3
12.7
..
470
870
380
1,390
440
2,390
..
270
2,090
590
750
..
1,600
600
..
296.4
..
35.0
..
12.0
..
..
41.5
1.2
0.9
..
..
0.7
19.3
..
2,090
..
2,490
..
2,020
..
..
1,530
6,480
1,880
..
..
3,170
920
..
24.4
61.0
25.8
..
16.7
34.0
15.0
25.7
..
35.3
32.0
..
..
17.2
..
0.8
0.1
2.7
..
0.7
1.8
..
0.3
0.2
-1.9
..
..
6.9
1.1
1.4
3.9
450
15.7
1,840
29.5
0.2
Asia and Pacific
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti
12
8.5
Measuring progress in least developed countries
1
Population and the economy
Definitions and sources
■ Population, total—is based on the de facto definition of
population, which counts all residents regardless of legal
status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently
settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered
part of the population of their country of origin. ■ Average
annual population growth rate—is the exponential change
for the period indicated. ■ Gross national income (GNI)—is
the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any
product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation
of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation
of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are
in current U.S. dollars converted using the World Bank Atlas
method. ■ GNI per capita—is gross national income divided
by midyear population. GNI per capita in U.S. dollars is
converted using the World Bank Atlas method. ■ PPP GNI—
is gross national income converted to international dollars
using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar
has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar
has in the United States. ■ Gross capital formation—
consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of the
economy plus net changes in the level of inventories. Fixed
assets include land improvements (fences, ditches, drains,
and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and
the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including
schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and
commercial and industrial buildings. Inventories are stocks
of goods held by firms to meet temporary or unexpected
fluctuations in production or sales, and “work in progress.”
According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables
In 2005, LDC’s represented 14% of the
population of all developing countries...
Least developed countries
are also considered capital formation. ■ Foreign direct
investment, net inflows—Foreign direct investment are the
net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management
interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise
operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It
is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other
long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the
balance of payments. This series shows net inflows in the
reporting economy and is divided by GDP.
Data are from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators database and are based on other original
source information as noted below.
Population estimates are produced by the UN Population
Division, and are supplemented by estimates produced
by the World Bank’s Human Development Network and
Development Data Group in consultation with its operational
staff and country offices. The UN Population Division’s
estimates are reported in World Population Prospects: the
2004 Revision. GNI, GNI per capita, and gross capital
formation are estimated by World Bank staff based on
national accounts data collected by World Bank staff during
economic missions or reported by national statistical offices
to other international organizations such as the OECD.
Purchasing power parity conversion factors are estimates by
World Bank staff based on data collected by the International
Comparison Program. Foreign direct investment was
calculated using the IMF’s Balance of Payments database
and are reported in the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting
System.
...but less than 4% of their GNI measured by
purchasing power parity
4%
Least developed countries
14 %
Other developing countries
Other developing countries
96 %
Population of all developing countries
Measuring progress in least developed countries
Total GNI (PPP) of all developing countries
13
2
International poverty line
Prevalence of
undernourishment
population below $1 a day
survey year
%
% of population
1990-92 2001-03
Life expectancy at birth
years
male
total
1990
2004
1990
2004
female
1990
2004
Africa
Angola
2003
Benin
2003
Burkina Faso
1998
Burundi
Cape Verde
1993
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
1999-2000
Ethiopia
1998
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
1995
Lesotho
Liberia
2001
Madagascar
1997-98
Malawi
1994
Mali
2000
Mauritania
1996
Mozambique
1995
Niger
1999-2000
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
1995
Senegal
1989
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
2000-01
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
2002-03
Zambia
..
30.9
27.2
54.6
..
66.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
23.0
26.5
..
..
36.4
..
61.0
41.7
72.3
25.9
37.9
60.6
51.7
..
22.3
57.0
..
..
57.8
..
..
75.8
58
20
21
48
..
50
58
..
31
..
..
..
..
22
39
24
17
34
35
50
29
15
66
41
43
..
23
46
..
31
37
33
24
48
38
14
17
67
..
45
33
..
72
..
..
73
46
27
24
37
12
49
38
34
28
10
45
32
36
..
23
50
..
27
44
25
19
47
40
53
48
44
65
48
46
56
46
51
46
48
45
50
47
42
57
43
51
46
46
49
43
40
31
62
53
39
42
53
53
57
46
46
41
55
48
44
70
39
44
63
44
53
43
54
42
56
54
45
36
42
56
40
48
53
42
45
44
63
56
41
47
57
46
55
49
38
38
52
46
42
63
45
44
55
44
49
44
46
44
49
47
41
55
41
50
44
45
48
42
40
29
61
52
37
40
51
51
55
44
44
40
54
47
43
67
39
43
61
43
52
42
53
42
55
54
44
35
42
54
40
48
52
41
45
42
62
55
40
46
55
46
53
48
39
42
54
49
46
68
51
48
57
47
52
48
51
47
52
48
44
59
44
52
47
47
51
45
40
33
63
54
40
43
54
56
60
48
48
43
55
49
45
74
40
45
65
45
54
43
56
43
58
54
46
37
43
57
40
49
55
42
45
46
64
57
43
48
58
47
57
49
38
..
36.0
..
34.1
..
27.0
..
..
24.1
..
..
..
..
..
10.2
..
35
..
43
..
29
..
10
20
..
..
..
..
..
34
..
30
..
33
..
21
..
5
17
..
..
..
..
..
37
..
55
54
54
57
50
61
56
55
66
61
..
..
63
55
..
63
64
57
..
55
67
61
62
70
63
..
..
69
61
..
55
53
52
55
49
62
54
55
65
60
..
..
62
54
..
63
62
53
..
54
68
58
62
67
62
..
..
67
60
..
55
55
56
59
51
59
58
54
68
62
..
..
65
55
..
64
65
60
..
57
67
64
63
73
63
..
..
71
63
53.9
65
47
49
52
47
51
51
53
Asia and Pacific
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
2000
1997
2002
2003-04
1998
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti
14
2001
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2
Poverty, hunger, and life expectancy
Definitions and sources
■ Population below $1 a day is the percentage of
the population living on less than $1.08 a day at 1993
international prices. ■ Prevalence of undernourishment—
is the percentage of the population that is undernourished.
■ Life expectancy at birth, total—indicates the number
of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns
of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same
throughout its life.
Data are from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators database and are based on other original
source information as noted below.
The poverty measures are prepared by the World Bank’s
Development Research Group. The international poverty
lines are based on nationally representative primary
household surveys conducted by national statistical offices
or by private agencies under the supervision of government
or international agencies and obtained from government
statistical offices and World Bank Group country departments.
The World Bank Group has prepared an annual review of its
poverty work since 1993. For details on data sources and
methods used in deriving the Bank’s latest estimates, see
Chen and Ravallion (2004), “How Have the World’s Poorest
Fared Since the Early 1980s?” Data for undernourishment
are from FAOSTAT (www.fao.org/faostat/foodsecurity/
index_en.htm). life expectancy at birth, are mainly from the
United Nations Population Division, and are supplemented
by estimates produced by the World Bank’s Human
Development Network and Development Data Group in
consultation with its operational staff and country offices.
Important inputs to the World Bank’s demographic work
come from, census reports and other statistical publication
releases from national statistical offices, and Demographic
and Health Surveys from Macro International.
Life expectancy has increased in all groups,
but in some countries, life expectancy
decreased because of the spread of HIV/AIDS
years
70
60
50
40
30
all developing countries
least developed countries
low-income countries
middle-income countries
20
10
0
1980
1990
2000
2004
1990
years
2004
60
40
20
0
Lesotho
Central
African Republic
Malawi
Source: World Bank
Measuring progress in least developed countries
15
3
Total fertility rate
Births attended by skilled
health staff
Maternal mortality ratio
Contraceptive
prevalence rate
per 100,000 live births
births per woman
1990
2004
% of total
1989-1994 a 2000-2004 a
national
estimates
1990-2004 a
% of women
15-49
1996-2004 a
modeled
estimates
2000
Pregnant women
receiving prenatal
care
%
2000-2004 a
Africa
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
7.1
6.7
7.3
6.8
5.4
5.6
6.7
5.8
6.7
6.2
5.9
6.2
6.9
5.8
6.5
7.1
4.8
6.9
6.2
7.0
7.4
6.1
6.2
8.2
7.4
5.2
6.4
6.5
6.8
5.6
6.1
6.4
7.2
6.5
6.6
5.7
6.5
6.8
3.6
4.8
6.4
4.1
6.7
4.9
5.9
5.3
5.4
4.5
5.8
7.1
3.5
6.8
5.1
5.9
6.8
5.7
5.4
7.7
5.5
3.9
4.8
6.5
6.3
4.2
4.8
5.1
7.1
5.5
..
..
42
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5
..
..
44
31
..
50
..
57
55
..
40
..
15
26
..
47
..
..
86
44
..
38
51
45
66
38
25
44
14
62
61
61
65
28
6
55
56
35
55
51
51
61
41
57
48
16
31
76
58
42
25
87
46
61
39
43
..
500
480
..
76
1,100
830
..
1,300
74
..
..
870
730
530
910
..
..
470
1,100
580
750
410
590
1,100
100
560
1,800
..
..
580
480
510
730
1,700
850
1,000
1,000
150
1,100
1,100
480
990
730
880
630
850
540
740
1,100
550
760
550
1,800
1,200
1,000
1,000
1,600
1,400
690
2,000
1,100
590
1,500
570
880
750
6
19
14
16
53
28
3
26
31
..
..
8
8
18
7
8
30
10
27
31
8
8
17
14
13
29
11
4
..
7
25
26
23
34
..
4.3
5.6
5.5
4.0
6.0
6.3
4.0
5.1
4.8
5.5
..
..
4.9
7.5
..
3.0
4.2
4.0
..
4.6
4.1
2.3
3.5
4.0
4.1
..
..
4.0
5.9
3.8
66
81
73
78
..
10
15
..
72
..
90
..
7
76
85
..
..
87
16
14
13
37
32
89
19
70
57
15
100
..
18
100
88
27
..
380
260
440
56
..
140
230
540
..
..
..
..
68
370
..
380
420
450
..
650
110
360
740
130
130
660
..
130
570
10
59
31
24
21
32
39
34
38
..
11
10
..
28
23
16
49
..
38
..
27
81
76
28
..
23
24
520
680
27
79
62
42
74
68
67
86
70
27
91
84
62
85
85
80
94
57
64
85
41
92
91
79
68
..
60
94
85
92
93
Asia and Pacific
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
61
..
..
41
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti
5.2
a. Data are for most recent year available.
16
Measuring progress in least developed countries
3
Reproductive health
Definitions and sources
■ Total fertility rate—is the number of children that would
be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her
childbearing years and bear children in accordance with
current age-specific fertility rates. ■ Births attended by
skilled health staff—are the percentage of deliveries
attended by personnel trained to give the necessary
supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy,
labor, and the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on
their own; and to care for newborns. ■ Maternal mortality
ratio—is the number of women who die during pregnancy
and childbirth, per 100,000 live births. The maternal mortality
ratios shown in the table as national estimates are based
on national surveys, vital registration, or surveillance or are
derived from community and hospital records. Those shown
as modeled estimates are based on an exercise by the World
Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund
(UNICEF), and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).
For countries with national data reported maternal mortality
was adjusted by a factor of under- or over- estimation
and misclassification. For countries with no national data,
maternal mortality was estimated with a regression model
using information on fertility, birth attendants, and GDP.
Neither set of ratios can be assumed to provide an accurate
estimate of maternal mortality for any of the countries in the
table. ■ Contraceptive prevalence rate—is the percentage
of women who are practicing, or whose sexual partners are
practicing, any form of contraception. It is usually measured
for married women ages 15-49 only. ■ Pregnant women
receiving prenatal care—is the percentage of women who
were attended by skilled health personnel at least once
during the pregnancy for reasons related to pregnancy.
Data are from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators database and are based on other original
source information as noted below.
The data on fertility rates are compiled or estimated by the
World Bank’s Development Data Group. The data on births
attended by skilled health staff and national estimates for
maternal mortality ratio are from the WHO’s Coverage of
Maternity Care (1997) and other WHO sources, UNICEF’s
State of the World’s Children 2006 and Childinfo, and
Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International.
Contraceptive prevalence rate data are from household
surveys, including Demographic and Health Surveys by
Macro International and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys
by UNICEF. Modeled estimates for maternal mortality
ratios are from Carla AbouZahr and Tessa Wardlaw’s
“Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO,
UNICEF, and UNFPA” (2003). The data on pregnant women
receiving prenatal care are from United Nations Children’s
Fund’s (UNICEF) State of the World’s Children 2006.
Total fertility rates decreased overall, but they are still about three times higher in least
developed countries than in high income countries
births per woman
7
least developed countries
6
5
4
all developing countries
3
2
high-income countries
1
0
1980
1990
2000
2004
Source: World Bank
Measuring progress in least developed countries
17
4
Gross intake rate
in grade 1
Net enrollment ratio
Share of cohort
reaching grade 5
% of relevant age group
male
female
2004
2004
% of relevant age group
primary
secondary
1991
2004
1991
2004
% of grade 1 students
male
female
2003
2003
Children out of school
thousand
primary-school-age chiildren
male
female
2004
2004
Africa
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
..
112
76
95
90
75
98
74
..
42
137
60
148
79
87
106
144
..
168
164
69
106
138
68
183
116
89
..
..
73
125
90
164
110
..
94
66
86
89
52
70
66
..
35
110
51
135
83
79
79
131
..
164
178
58
105
129
51
183
117
91
..
..
62
124
82
163
110
50
41
29
53
91
52
35
57
54
29
91
16
22
48
27
38
71
..
64
48
21
35
43
22
66
..
43
43
9
40
49
64
..
..
..
83
40
57
92
..
57
..
..
33
85
46
56
75
64
45
86
..
89
95
46
74
71
39
73
98
66
..
..
..
91
79
..
80
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15
..
..
..
5
..
..
5
7
..
..
..
..
..
..
15
..
..
..
17
10
..
55
..
11
..
..
19
24
26
28
45
21
9
23
..
..
25
..
14
4
7
..
26
15
..
..
..
..
..
13
24
..
70
74
64
88
..
51
..
..
90
34
86
..
..
87
..
58
..
56
50
78
81
53
75
43
66
79
..
..
92
76
79
63
..
..
69
78
62
95
..
39
..
..
85
31
73
..
..
76
..
69
..
58
38
70
83
45
72
49
67
77
..
..
92
76
73
64
..
..
..
590
240
3
..
..
..
..
40
2
147
..
28
..
52
27
..
136
71
557
58
475
609
205
..
296
..
..
..
273
..
..
221
..
..
681
278
3
..
..
..
..
44
6
167
..
24
..
70
18
..
136
19
615
60
614
717
185
0
320
..
..
..
331
..
..
214
205
129
..
154
124
123
78
118
115
101
..
..
91
124
122
133
131
..
143
127
114
79
117
105
101
..
..
96
118
97
..
..
..
69
..
63
..
98
..
..
..
..
..
..
51
..
94
..
98
..
84
90
90
78
90
80
..
..
94
75
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17
..
..
48
..
26
70
37
51
37
..
66
26
20
..
39
..
..
63
89
58
76
62
..
68
57
96
..
..
..
..
78
..
67
93
61
88
63
..
72
66
91
..
..
..
..
67
2,108
..
..
..
..
50
3
267
..
0
8
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
68
3
221
..
0
7
..
..
1
..
..
22
..
..
..
..
..
..
Asia and Pacific
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
a
a
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti
..
..
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
a. Less than 0.5.
18
Measuring progress in least developed countries
4
Education — participation and efficiency
Definitions and sources
■ Gross intake rate in grade 1—is the number of new
entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless
of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of
the official primary school entrance age. ■ Net enrollment
ratio—is the ratio of children of official school age based on
the International Standard Classification of Education 1997
(ISCED97) who are enrolled in school to the population of
the corresponding official school age. ■ Share of cohort
reaching grade 5—is the percentage of children enrolled
in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach
grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort
method. ■ Children out of school—are the number of
primary school age children not enrolled in school.
Data are from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators database and are based on other original
source information as noted below.
The data for gross intake rate and net enrollment ratios,
share of cohort reaching grade 5, and out of school
children are from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
The primary net enrollment rate increased in the least developed countries,
especially among girls
1991
% of relevant age group
2004
100
75
50
25
0
Total
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Measuring progress in least developed countries
Male
Female
19
Primary completion rate
5
total
1991
% relevant age group
male
female
2004
1991
2004
1991
2004
Youth literacy rate
Adult literacy rate
% ages 15-24
male
female
1990
2000-04
1990
2000-04
% ages 15 and over
male
female
2000-04 2000-04
Africa
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
35
21
21
46
51
27
18
..
46
27
..
..
26
43
17
..
59
..
33
28
11
33
27
17
33
..
42
..
..
41
61
35
..
..
..
49
29
33
95
..
29
50
..
29
50
43
55
..
48
27
71
..
45
58
44
43
29
25
37
75
45
..
..
49
54
66
57
66
..
28
26
49
54
35
30
..
58
..
..
..
32
56
24
..
42
..
33
36
13
40
33
21
36
..
51
..
..
46
60
48
..
..
..
59
34
39
96
..
41
52
..
33
54
51
61
..
58
35
60
..
45
60
58
45
35
30
38
73
49
..
..
53
55
78
61
71
..
13
16
43
49
18
7
..
34
..
..
..
19
30
9
..
76
..
34
21
9
26
22
12
30
..
32
..
..
37
62
22
..
..
..
38
25
27
95
..
18
49
..
25
47
34
49
..
39
19
82
..
46
57
30
41
23
20
37
77
42
..
..
44
53
55
53
61
..
57
..
58
87
66
58
64
80
82
97
73
52
50
62
..
77
75
78
76
..
56
66
25
78
..
50
..
..
76
89
79
80
86
84
59
38
77
..
70
56
..
78
..
95
..
..
..
59
..
..
..
73
82
32
68
..
52
79
..
58
59
..
85
81
84
83
73
..
25
..
45
76
39
38
50
58
64
89
49
34
34
26
..
97
39
67
51
..
36
32
9
67
..
30
..
..
54
77
48
60
76
63
33
25
70
..
47
23
..
63
..
95
..
..
..
34
..
..
..
68
71
17
55
..
23
77
..
41
37
..
71
76
64
71
66
83
48
29
67
..
65
41
..
81
..
93
..
..
..
43
..
74
..
77
75
27
60
..
43
71
..
51
47
..
71
78
69
77
76
54
23
15
52
..
33
13
..
54
..
80
..
..
..
18
..
90
..
65
54
12
43
..
15
60
..
29
24
..
52
62
38
58
60
..
49
..
..
..
46
..
..
51
..
72
..
..
..
..
..
76
..
82
118
74
100
78
75
96
..
..
103
87
62
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
74
..
85
116
78
98
77
80
94
..
..
94
88
78
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
79
..
78
120
70
102
79
70
98
..
..
113
86
46
..
51
..
81
..
79
98
90
67
99
..
..
..
..
74
51
..
..
88
..
83
98
96
81
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
33
..
66
..
61
98
86
27
99
..
..
..
..
25
18
..
..
79
..
75
98
93
60
..
..
..
..
..
..
43
..
..
85
..
77
96
94
63
..
..
..
..
..
..
13
..
..
64
..
61
96
86
35
..
..
..
..
..
..
29
..
26
..
56
..
54
..
..
..
Asia and Pacific
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti
27
..
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
.
20
Measuring progress in least developed countries
5
Education — completion and outcomes
Definitions and sources
■ Primary completion rate—is the percentage of students
completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated by
taking the total number of students in the last grade of primary
school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade, divided
by the total number of children of official graduation age.
■ Youth literacy rate—is the literacy rate among people
ages 15–24. ■ Adult literacy rate—is the percentage of
people ages 15 and older who can, with understanding,
both read and write a short, simple statement about their
everyday life.
Data are from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators database and are based on other original
source information as noted below.
Data on the primary completion rate and literacy rates
are primarily from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
The ten countries with the lowest adult literacy rates are all in the least developed countries
100
female
male
50
Se
ne
ga
Si
l
er
ra
Le
on
e
N
ig
er
i
M
al
is
an
gh
Measuring progress in least developed countries
Bu
n
0
Be
ni
n
rk
in
a
Fa
Af
s
ric Ce o
an nt
R ral
ep
ub
lic
C
ha
d
G
ui
ne
a
25
Af
Source : UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Adult literacy rate - 2000-2004
% of ages 15 and over
75
ta
Adult literacy rate - 2000-2004
% of total population
ages 15 and over
Afghanistan
28
Benin
35
Burkina Faso
22
Central African Republic
49
Chad
26
Guinea
29
Mali
19
Niger
29
Senegal
39
Sierra Leone
35
21
6
Prevalence of child
malnutrition
Exclusive
breastfeeding
% of children under five
underweight
stunting
1995-2004 a 1995-2004 a
% of children
under 6 months
1998-2004 a
Under-five
mortality rate
per 1,000
1990
2004
Infant
mortality rate
per 1,000 live births
1990
2004
Child immunization rate
% of children
ages 12 to 23 months
measles
DPT
2004
2004
Africa
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
31
23
38
45
..
24
37
25
31
18
19
40
47
17
33
25
18
27
42
22
33
32
24
40
24
13
23
27
26
41
29
25
23
23
45
31
39
57
..
28
41
42
38
26
..
38
52
19
26
31
46
40
48
49
38
35
41
40
43
29
25
34
23
43
44
22
39
47
11
38
19
62
57
17
2
21
24
..
24
52
55
26
23
37
15
35
67
44
25
20
30
1
84
56
24
4
9
16
41
18
63
40
260
185
210
190
60
168
203
120
205
163
170
147
204
154
240
253
104
235
168
241
250
133
235
320
173
118
148
302
225
120
161
152
160
180
260
152
192
190
36
193
200
70
205
126
204
82
166
122
155
203
112
235
123
175
219
125
152
259
203
118
137
283
225
91
126
140
138
182
154
111
113
114
45
102
117
88
129
122
103
88
131
103
145
153
74
157
103
146
140
85
158
191
103
75
90
175
133
74
102
88
93
101
154
90
97
114
27
115
117
52
129
101
122
52
110
89
101
126
80
157
76
110
121
78
104
152
118
75
78
165
133
63
78
78
80
102
64
85
78
75
69
35
56
73
64
60
51
84
71
90
73
80
70
42
59
80
75
64
77
74
84
91
57
64
40
59
94
70
91
84
59
83
88
74
75
40
50
76
64
64
33
83
80
92
69
80
78
31
61
89
76
70
72
62
89
99
87
61
30
55
95
71
87
80
39
48
19
45
..
40
30
32
48
2
21
46
..
12
46
48
43
40
45
..
42
25
32
51
4
..
49
..
20
52
..
36
..
12
..
23
10
15
68
..
65
31
..
..
12
..
149
166
115
88
163
111
130
145
50
63
172
..
62
142
..
77
80
141
65
83
46
106
76
30
56
80
..
40
111
..
100
107
80
65
120
79
91
100
40
38
130
..
48
98
..
56
67
97
49
65
35
76
59
25
34
64
..
32
82
61
77
87
80
56
36
97
78
73
25
72
55
..
48
76
66
85
89
85
62
45
96
82
80
68
80
57
..
49
78
23
..
150
117
102
74
54
43
Asia and Pacific
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti
17
a. Data are for most recent year available.
22
Measuring progress in least developed countries
6
Infant and child health
Definitions and sources
■ Prevalence of child malnutrition—is the percentage of
children under age five whose weight for age (underweight)
or height for age (stunting) is more than two standard
deviations below the median for the international reference
population ages 0–59 months. For children up to two years
old height is measured by recumbent length. For older
children height is measured by stature while standing. The
reference population, adopted by the WHO in 1983, is based
on children from the United States, who are assumed to be
well nourished. ■ Exclusive breastfeeding—refers to the
percentage of children less than 6 months old who are fed
breast milk alone (no other liquids). ■ Under-five mortality
rate—is the probability that a newborn baby will die before
reaching age five, if subject to current age-specific mortality
rates. The probability is expressed as a rate per 1,000. ■
Infant mortality rate—is the number of infants dying before
reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.
■ Child immunization rate is the percentage of children
ages 12–23 months who received vaccinations before 12
months or at any time before the survey for four diseases—
measles and diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and
tetanus (DPT). A child is considered adequately immunized
against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine and
against DPT after receiving three doses.
Data are from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators database and are based on other original
source information as noted below.
The data on prevalence of child malnutrition are from
WHO’s Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition.
Data for exclusive breastfeeding are from WHO’s World
Health Report 2006; and the United Nations Children’s
Fund’s (UNICEF) State of the World’s Children 2006.
The data for infant and under-five mortality are the
harmonized estimates of WHO, UNICEF and World Bank,
mainly based on household surveys, censuses, and vital
registration; and supplemented by the World Bank’s estimate
based on household surveys and vital registration.
Data on child immunization are from WHO and UNICEF
estimates of national immunization coverage.
Under five mortality rate is significantly higher in the least developed countries
per 1,000
200
1991
2004
150
100
50
0
Least developed
countries
All developing
countries
High income
countries
Source: Harmonized estimate of WHO, UNICEF and the World Bank
Measuring progress in least developed countries
23
7
Prevalence of HIV
Condom use
Comprehensive knowledge
Aids orphans
of
one
or
both
school attendance
total
% of young
HIV/AIDS
parents died from ratio to non-orpans
women
at the last high-risk sex % of population ages 15-24
% of population
AIDS
ages 15-24
ages 15-49
women
men
women
men
ages 10-14
thousands
2003 2005
2005
2001-2005 a 2001-2005 a 2000-2004 a 2000-2004 a 2003
2005
1999-2004 a
Africa
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
3.7
2
2.1
3.3
..
10.8
3.4
<0.1
3.2
3.1
3.2
2.4
..
2.2
1.6
3.8
23.7
..
0.5
14.2
1.8
0.7
16
1.1
3.8
..
0.9
1.6
0.9
..
3.2
6.8
6.6
16.9
3.7
1.8
2
3.3
..
10.7
3.5
<0.1
3.2
3.1
3.2
2.4
..
2.4
1.5
3.8
23.2
..
0.5
14.1
1.7
0.7
16.1
1.1
3.1
..
0.9
1.6
0.9
..
3.2
6.7
6.5
17
2.5
1.1
1.4
2.3
..
7.3
2.2
<0.1
2.2
2.1
2.3
1.6
..
1.7
1.4
2.5
14.1
..
0.3
9.6
1.2
0.5
10.7
0.8
1.9
..
0.6
1.1
0.6
..
2.2
5
3.8
12.7
55.2
50.8
..
46
..
60.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
14.6
..
..
..
49.8
..
33
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26.1
63.6
59.5
..
55.2
..
83.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
36.1
..
..
..
48.6
..
45.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
38.4
35.2
8.1
..
3.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.4
23.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.9
..
..
..
..
40.5
42.7
10.6
..
3.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.7
36
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.5
..
..
..
..
46.1
120
47
100
120
..
110
38
..
640
4
3.7
28
..
2.8
20
7.2
75
..
8.2
440
83
5.7
330
35
220
..
18
28
18
..
70
1,000
970
650
160
62
120
120
..
140
57
..
680
5.7
4.6
36
..
3.8
28
11
97
..
13
550
94
6.9
510
46
210
..
25
31
23
..
88
1,000
1,100
710
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.8
0.97
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.17
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
2
..
0.1
..
1.4
0.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
1.6
..
0.1
..
1.3
0.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Asia and Pacific
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti
24
3.8
3.8
Measuring progress in least developed countries
7
HIV/AIDS
Definitions and sources
■ Prevalence of HIV, total—refers to the percentage of
people ages 15-49 who are infected with HIV. ■ Prevalence
of HIV, young women—refers to the estimated percent of
young women aged 15–24 living with HIV. ■ Condom use
at last high risk sex—refers to the percentage of young
people aged 15–24 reporting the use of a condom during
sexual intercourse with a non-regular partner. ■ Knowledge
of HIV/AIDS—refers to the percentage of young people aged
15–24 who correctly identify ways of preventing the sexual
transmission of HIV and who reject major misconceptions. ■
Children orphaned by HIV/AIDS—is the estimated number
of children who have lost one or both parents to AIDS before
age 15 since the epidemic began. Some of the orphaned
children included in this cumulative total are no longer alive;
others are no longer under age 15. ■ Orphans school
attendance—is the ratio of current school attendance
among orphans to that among non-orphans aged 10–14.
Data are from the UNAIDS’ 2006 Report on the Global AIDS
Epidemic.
Prevalence of HIV is high in the least developed countries
% of population
ages 15 and over
3
2003
2005
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Source: UNAIDS
Least developed
countries
Measuring progress in least developed countries
Low income
countries
Middle income
countries
25
8
Children with Children with diarrhea
Children
Children with
Incidence of Tuberculosis
DOTS
acute respiratory who received oral
sleeping under
fever receiving tuberculosis treatment
detection
infection taken to
rehydration and
treated bednets antimalarial drugs
success rate
rate
health provider
continued feeding
% of children under % of children under age 5 % of children under % of children under
per 100,000 % of registered % of estimated
age 5 with ARI
with diarrhea
age 5
age 5 with fever
people
cases
cases
2000-2004 a
1998-2004 a
2000-2004 a
2000-2004 a
2004
2003
2004
Africa
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
58
29
36
40
..
32
12
49
36
..
..
44
16
75
33
64
49
70
48
27
43
39
51
27
20
47
27
50
..
57
68
30
67
69
32
42
..
16
..
47
50
31
17
..
36
54
38
38
44
23
29
..
47
51
45
28
..
43
16
44
33
39
..
38
38
25
29
48
2.3
7.4
2.0
1.3
..
1.5
0.6
9.3
0.7
..
0.7
4.2
..
14.7
4.0
7.4
..
..
0.2
2.9
8.4
..
..
5.8
5.0
22.8
1.7
1.5
0.3
0.4
10.0
2.0
0.2
6.5
63.0
60.0
50.0
31.0
..
69.0
32.0
63.0
45.0
..
49.0
4.0
3.0
55.0
56.0
58.0
..
..
34.0
27.0
38.0
33.4
..
48.0
13.0
61.0
36.0
61.0
19.0
50.0
58.0
60.0
..
52.0
259
87
191
343
172
322
279
46
366
734
239
271
353
233
240
199
696
310
218
413
281
287
460
157
371
107
245
443
411
220
347
355
402
680
68
81
66
79
..
59
78
96
83
73
51
85
70
75
75
80
70
73
71
73
65
58
76
70
67
..
70
83
90
82
81
63
68
75
94
82
18
29
40
4
16
39
70
43
82
14
36
66
52
75
86
58
74
40
19
43
46
46
29
..
52
36
44
35
47
17
43
54
28
20
..
35
..
36
22
66
24
..
..
24
..
..
47
48
35
..
59
..
37
..
48
43
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
18.0
..
..
..
..
..
8.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
333
229
107
510
59
156
49
171
184
28
59
556
28
59
89
86
85
90
93
88
79
91
81
87
84
87
81
..
75
82
19
44
35
61
550
55
94
83
67
49
123
46
..
107
40
41
..
12.0
306
78
49
Asia and Pacific
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti
26
a. Data are for most recent year available.
26
Measuring progress in least developed countries
8
Disease prevention
Definitions and sources
■ Children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) who
are taken to a health provider—refer to the percentage
of children under age five with ARI in the last two weeks
who were taken to an appropriate health provider, including
hospital, health center, dispensary, village health worker,
clinic, and private physician. ■ Children with diarrhea who
received oral rehydration and continued feeding—refer
to the percentage of children under age five with diarrhea
in the two weeks prior to the survey who received either
oral rehydration therapy or increased fluids, with continued
feeding. ■ Children sleeping under treated bednets—
refer to the percentage of children under age five who slept
under an insecticide-impregnated bednet to prevent malaria.
■ Children with fever receiving antimalarial drugs—refer
to the percentage of children under age five who were ill with
fever in the last two weeks and received any appropriate
(locally defined) antimalarial drugs. ■ Incidence of
tuberculosis—is the estimated number of new pulmonary,
smear positive, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases. ■
Tuberculosis treatment success rate—is the percentage
of new, registered smear-positive (infectious) cases that
were cured or in which a full course of treatment was
completed. ■ DOTS detection rate—is the percentage of
estimated new infectious tuberculosis cases detected under
the directly observed treatment, short course case detection
and treatment strategy.
Data are from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators database and are based on other original
source information as noted below.
Data on children with acute respiratory infection, diarrhea,
children sleeping under treated bednets, and children
receiving antimalarial drugs are from UNICEF’s State of
the World’s Children 2006, Childinfo and Demographic
and Health Surveys by Macro International. The data on
tuberculosis are from the WHO’s Global Tuberculosis Control
Report 2006.
The incidence of tuberculosis increased by almost 30 percent
in the least developed countries between 1990 and 2004
per 100,000
300
1990
2004
200
100
0
Source: WHO
Least developed
countries
Measuring progress in least developed countries
All developing
countries
High income
countries
27
9
Urban population
% of total population
1990
2005
Access to improved sanitation facilities
% of urban population
1990
2002
% of rural population
1990
2002
Access to an improved water source
% of urban population
1990
2002
% of rural population
1990
2002
Africa
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
37
35
14
6
44
37
21
28
28
76
35
16
13
38
28
28
17
45
24
12
23
40
21
15
5
44
39
30
30
27
19
30
11
39
53
40
18
10
57
38
25
37
32
86
39
19
16
54
33
30
19
58
27
17
31
40
35
17
19
58
42
41
35
41
24
40
13
35
62
31
47
42
..
32
27
41
56
55
..
46
14
..
27
..
61
59
25
52
50
31
..
35
49
..
52
..
..
53
51
71
54
64
56
58
45
47
61
47
30
38
43
55
60
34
19
72
25
57
61
49
49
66
59
64
51
43
56
32
70
53
47
50
54
71
53
68
19
1
8
44
..
18
1
16
3
27
..
0
2
..
13
..
32
24
8
34
32
26
14
2
36
..
23
..
..
26
45
24
41
26
16
12
5
35
19
12
0
15
23
27
46
3
4
46
6
23
32
7
27
42
38
9
14
4
38
20
34
30
14
24
41
15
39
32
11
71
63
96
..
70
45
99
92
82
..
60
80
95
70
..
..
85
82
90
50
19
..
62
88
..
90
..
..
85
79
81
79
86
70
79
82
90
86
93
40
90
83
82
45
72
81
95
78
79
88
72
75
96
76
63
76
80
92
89
90
75
32
78
92
80
87
90
40
54
35
67
..
35
13
85
24
67
..
36
16
..
32
..
..
34
27
34
29
57
..
35
57
..
50
..
..
57
27
37
40
27
40
60
44
78
73
61
32
96
29
67
42
54
11
77
38
49
74
52
34
62
35
45
24
36
69
73
54
46
27
64
62
36
52
36
..
20
7
13
35
15
26
25
9
21
14
21
41
19
21
..
25
11
20
47
21
30
31
16
22
17
27
48
24
27
..
71
..
..
33
..
100
39
62
100
98
..
83
..
59
16
75
65
53
59
61
100
96
68
100
98
65
92
78
76
5
11
..
..
21
..
..
15
7
98
..
..
74
..
11
5
39
70
8
22
14
42
63
20
100
18
30
83
42
14
..
83
..
..
76
..
100
73
94
99
..
..
92
93
74
19
82
86
58
77
66
99
95
93
91
94
73
94
85
74
..
68
..
..
33
..
99
40
67
89
..
..
89
53
68
11
72
60
29
53
38
78
74
82
88
65
51
92
52
68
39
27
52
11
23
77
91
43
59
Asia and Pacific
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti
28
30
Measuring progress in least developed countries
9
Improved water and sanitation
Definitions and sources
■ Urban population—is the midyear population of areas
defined as urban in each country and reported to the United
Nations. ■ Access to improved sanitation facilities—
refers to the percentage of the population with at least
adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that can
effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with
excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected
pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be
effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly
maintained. ■ Access to an improved water source—
refers to the percentage of the population with reasonable
access to an adequate amount of water from an improved
source, such as a household connection, public standpipe,
borehole, protected well or spring, and rainwater collection.
Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and
unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined
as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a
source within one kilometer of the dwelling.
Data are from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators database and are based on other original
source information as noted below.
Data on urban population are from the United Nations
Population Division’s World Urbanization Prospects: The
2005 Revision. Data on water and sanitation are from the
WHO and UNICEF’s Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and
Sanitation Target (www.unicef.org/wes/mdgreport).
Access to improved water and sanitation has increased in LDCs between 1990 and 2002
% of population
in LDCs
60
50
1990
2002
40
30
20
10
0
Access to Improved sanitation facilities
Measuring progress in least developed countries
Access to an improved water source
29
10
Households with
television
Telephones
Personal
computers
Internet users
per 1,000 people
2003-2004 a
per 1,000 people
2003-2004 a
fixed mainline
mobile subscribers
population covered
by mobile telephony
%
2000-2004 a
per 1,000 people
2003-2004 a
per 1,000 people
2003-2004 a
%
2001-2004 a
9
20
7
14
49
2
2
11
2
41
..
14
2
12
9
26
17
..
8
2
15
21
6
5
2
36
29
7
8
49
14
51
6
26
6
9
6
3
148
3
1
23
0
14
20
9
6
27
3
7
21
2
3
7
6
13
4
2
3
47
21
5
25
29
4
10
3
8
48
30
31
9
133
15
13
3
37
30
113
5
3
118
12
1
88
15
18
18
30
175
36
11
16
32
90
22
63
30
44
38
42
26
..
23
60
82
90
..
8
..
55
75
..
0
..
60
..
..
80
16
30
70
15
..
..
13
65
..
85
35
..
60
25
80
70
51
3
4
2
5
97
3
2
9
..
27
14
4
3
16
5
..
..
..
5
2
3
14
6
1
..
..
21
..
6
17
7
29
4
10
11
12
4
3
50
2
6
14
1
12
10
12
2
33
5
17
24
0
5
4
4
5
7
2
4
131
42
2
25
32
9
37
7
20
6
29
3
23
23
30
68
3
13
96
4
..
..
6
43
2
6
33
3
47
13
98
8
15
73
14
..
..
33
39
21
31
20
37
5
35
353
2
7
58
3
..
..
51
53
..
50
..
87
..
7
71
..
..
..
35
..
..
20
68
..
12
12
3
10
4
112
6
4
7
43
..
..
14
15
1
2
22
3
20
4
59
1
7
33
6
..
..
36
9
17
48
..
..
59
Africa
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Asia and Pacific
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti
26
a. Data are for most recent year available.
30
Measuring progress in least developed countries
10
Communications
Definitions and sources
■ Households with television—are the share of households
with a television set. Some countries report only the number
of households with a color television set, and therefore the
true number may be higher than reported. ■ Telephone
mainlines—are fixed telephone lines connecting a subscriber
to the telephone exchange equipment. ■ Mobile phone
subscribers—are subscribers to a public mobile telephone
service using cellular technology. ■ Population covered
by mobile telephony measures the percentage of people
who are within range of a mobile cellular signal regardless
of whether they are subscribers. ■ Internet users—are
people with access to the worldwide network. ■ Personal
computers—are self-contained computers designed for
use by a single individual.
Data are from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators database and are based on other original
source information as noted below.
The data “households with television”, “personal computers”,
“Internet users”, are from the International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) and are reported in the ITU’s World
Telecommunication Development Report database. Data
on telephones are from the ITU’s World Telecommunication
Development Report database and World Bank estimates.
Since 2002, mobile phones have been more accessible than fixed-line phones in LDCs
30
mobile phones
25
20
15
10
fixed-line phones
5
0
1990
1994
Measuring progress in least developed countries
1997
2001
2004
31
11
Roads
Railways
Ports
Air
passengers
goods
port container registered carrier
total road
paved
passengers air freight
rail lines
carried
hauled
traffic
departures
network
roads
carried
million tontotal route-km
million
million ton- thousand
worldwide
thousands
km
km
%
passengers - km
km
TEU
thousands
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
1999-2003 1999-2003 2000-2004
2000-2004
2000-2004 2003-2004
2003-2004
2003-2004 2003-2004 a
Africa
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
51,429
6,787
12,506
14,480
1,100
23,810
33,400
880
157,000
2,890
2,880
4,010
33,856
3,742
44,348
4,400
5,940
10,600
49,827
28,400
15,100
7,660
30,400
10,100
12,000
320
13,576
11,300
22,100
11,900
78,891
7,520
70,746
91,440
10.4
20.0
16.0
7.1
78.0
..
0.8
76.5
..
12.6
..
21.8
12.9
19.3
9.8
10.3
18.3
6.2
11.6
18.5
12.1
11.3
18.7
7.9
8.3
68.1
29.3
8.0
11.8
36.3
8.6
31.6
23.0
22.0
2,761
438
622
..
..
..
..
..
4,499
..
..
306
..
..
837
..
..
490
883
710
733
717
2,072
..
..
..
906
..
..
5,478
2,600
568
259
1,273
..
66
..
..
..
..
..
..
140
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10
25
196
..
137
..
..
..
138
..
..
32
471
..
..
186
..
86
..
..
..
..
..
..
491
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12
88
189
..
808
..
..
..
371
..
..
889
1,351
..
218
554
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5
1
1
..
10
1
1
..
5
..
..
..
30
..
1
..
0
..
18
6
1
2
9
1
..
1
6
0
..
8
6
1
0
5
223
46
62
..
282
46
46
..
95
..
..
..
1,403
..
59
..
1
..
514
114
46
128
299
46
..
40
421
16
..
476
248
46
46
49
64
7
0
..
0
7
7
..
7
..
..
..
117
..
1
..
..
..
13
1
7
0
5
7
..
0
0
8
..
41
2
7
27
0
34,789
239,226
8,050
12,323
670
32,620
..
27,966
15,905
790
1,360
..
..
1,070
67,000
23.7
9.5
62.0
16.2
..
14.1
..
78.0
53.9
42.0
2.5
..
..
23.9
11.5
..
2,745
..
650
..
..
..
..
59
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3,941
..
45
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
777
..
92
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
625,160
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
377,367
3
7
2
4
..
9
4
25
6
11
10
..
..
1
16
150
1,647
46
163
..
276
76
1,408
449
183
83
..
..
105
995
8
180
0
4
..
2
0
3
7
3
2
..
..
2
60
24.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Asia and Pacific
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti
4,160
a. Data are for most recent year available.
32
Measuring progress in least developed countries
11
Transportation services
Definitions and sources
■ Total road network—covers motorways, highways, main
or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and all other
roads in a country. ■ Paved roads—are roads surfaced
with crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or
bituminized agents, with concrete, or with cobblestones.
Rail lines—are the length of railway route available
for train service, irrespective of the number of parallel
tracks. Railways passenger-km—is the unit of measure
representing the transport of one rail passenger by rail over a
distance of one kilometer ■ Goods (freight) hauled, metric
tonnes-km—is the unit of measure of goods transport which
represents the transport of one metric tonne of goods by rail
over a distance of one kilometer. ■ Port container traffic—
measures the flow of containers from land to sea transport
modes and vice versa in twenty-foot-equivalent units (TEUs),
a standard-size container. Data refer to coastal shipping
as well as international journeys. Transshipment traffic is
counted as two lifts at the intermediate port (once to off-load
and again as an outbound lift) and includes empty units. ■
Registered carrier departures worldwide—are domestic
takeoffs and takeoffs abroad of air carriers registered in the
country. ■ Air passengers carried—include both domestic
and international passengers of air carriers registered in
the country. ■ Air freight—is the sum of the metric tons of
freight, express, and diplomatic bags carried on each flight
stage (the operation of an aircraft from takeoff to its next
landing), multiplied by the stage distance, by air carriers
registered in the country.
Data are from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators database and are based on other original
source information as noted below.
The data on “roads” are from the IRF’s World Road Statistics
supplemented by World Bank staff estimates. The data on
“railways” are from a database maintained by the World
Bank’s Transport and Urban Development Department,
Transport Division. The data on “port container traffic”
are from Containerisation International’s Containerisation
International Yearbook. And the data on “air transport” are
from the ICAO’s Civil Aviation Statistics of the World and
ICAO staff estimates.
Rural access to roads
Physical isolation is a strong contributor to poverty.
Populations without reliable access to social and economic
services are poorer than those with reliable access.
Problems of access are particularly severe in those rural
areas that are distant from roads that carry motorized
transport services on a regular basis. An estimated 900
million rural dwellers in developing countries, most of whom
are poor, are without reliable access.
In many developing countries, increasing agricultural
productivity is central to rural development and poverty
reduction strategies. Improved rural transport makes it
easier for farmers to obtain inputs and advice at reasonable
cost and to sell their products at good prices. Farmers with
difficult access to local markets earn less for their products
than farmers with easier access, and increases in output
are associated with agricultural areas with improved roads.
An indicator has been developed to measure rural
transport access based on the proportion of rural populations
that lives within 2 kilometers of an all-season road (a road
that can be used all year by the prevailing means of rural
transport, often a pick-up or truck that does not have fourwheel-drive). Predictable interruptions of short duration
during inclement weather (for example, heavy rainfall) are
excepted, particularly on low volume roads. The rural access
estimates are calculated from representative household
surveys.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
Rural population access to all-season roads for
selected LDCs
(% of rural population)
Bangladesh
Benin
Burundi
Cambodia a
Chad
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Ethiopia
Gambia, The b
Guinea
Lao PDR a
Madagascar
Malawi
Niger
Tanzania
Yemen, Rep.
37
32
19
87
5
26
17
77
22
59
25
38
37
38
21
Note: Based on surveys between 1997 and 2004
a. Nonstandard measurement process resulting in a higher
value. b. Survey conducted during 1994-96
Source: World Bank Transport Technical Paper based on
household surveys.
33
12
Total external debt
$ millions
1990
2004
Present
value of
debt
Total debt service
% of GNI
2004
% of GNI
2004
% of exports
of goods,
services, and
income
2004
HIPC decision
point
HIPC completion Estimated total
point
nominal debt
service relief
$ millions
Africa
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
8,592
1,292
834
907
134
698
529
189
10,259
205
241
..
8,630
369
2,476
692
396
1,849
3,689
1,558
2,468
2,113
4,650
1,726
712
150
3,739
1,196
2,370
14,762
6,454
1,281
2,583
6,905
9,521
1,916
1,967
1,385
517
1,078
1,701
306
11,841
429
291
681
6,574
674
3,538
765
764
2,706
3,462
3,418
3,316
2,297
4,651
1,950
1,656
362
3,938
1,723
2,849
19,332
7,799
1,812
4,822
7,279
68
24
23
15
46
75
33
70
36
45
..
53
30
108
45
326
44
760
38
60
33
57
17
25
15
185
22
37
..
151
22
83
33
36
11.8
1.6
1.2
13.6
2.7
1.4
1.3
0.9
1.9
2.5
1.0
2.1
1.0
8.8
4.6
17.3
3.1
0.2
1.9
3.2
2.2
3.5
1.5
1.7
1.3
17.8
4.5
2.6
..
1.6
1.1
1.0
1.5
8.5
14.8
7.6
11.9
66.0
5.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.1
5.3
..
19.9
16.1
4.5
..
6.0
7.6
5.8
..
4.5
7.5
11.2
25.6
10.3
10.9
..
6.0
5.3
2.0
6.9
20.2
..
12,439
84
1,845
..
1,768
78
4,695
1,640
92
121
..
..
38
6,352
..
20,344
593
3,377
..
2,056
345
7,239
3,354
562
176
..
..
118
5,488
..
26
100
68
..
76
42
..
37
158
58
..
..
35
37
..
1.1
1.7
0.6
..
2.2
4.3
..
1.7
5.9
6.4
..
..
1.1
1.9
..
5.2
..
0.8
..
9.0
4.6
3.8
5.5
..
..
..
..
1.4
3.5
1,225
29
3.5
4.0
Jul. 2000
Jul. 2000
Jul. 2005
Mar. 2003
Apr. 2002
Floating
460
930
1,472
May. 2001
Floating
260
Jul. 2003
Floating
10,389
Nov. 2001
Dec. 2000
Dec. 2000
Dec. 2000
Apr. 2004
Floating
Floating
Floating
3,275
90
800
790
Dec. 2000
Sep. 2000
Feb. 2000
Apr. 2000
Dec. 2000
Dec. 2000
Dec. 2000
Jun. 2000
Mar. 2002
Floating
Mar. 2003
Jun. 2002
Sep. 2001
Apr. 2004
Apr. 2005
Floating
Apr. 2004
Floating
1,000
895
1,100
4,300
1,190
1,400
200
850
950
Apr. 2000
Nov. 2001
3,000
Feb. 2000
Dec. 2000
May. 2000
Apr. 2005
1,950
3,900
Asia and Pacific
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao PDR
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Timor-Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen
Latin America and the Caribbean
Haiti
34
910
Measuring progress in least developed countries
12
External debt and aid
Definitions and sources
■ Total external debt—is debt owed to nonresidents
repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. It is the sum
of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed
long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt.
Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity
of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term
debt. ■ Present value of debt—is the sum of short-term
external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service
payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private
nonguaranteed long-term external debt over the live of
existing loans. ■ Total debt service—is the sum of principal
repayments and interest actually paid on total long-term debt
(public and publicly guaranteed and private nonguaranteed),
use of IMF credit, and interest on short-term debt. ■ HIPC
decision point—is the date at which a heavily indebted poor
country with an established track record of good performance
under adjustment programs supported by the International
Monetary Fund and the World Bank commits to undertake
additional reforms and to develop and implement a poverty
reduction strategy. ■ HIPC completion point—is the date at
which the country successfully completes the key structural
reforms agreed on at the decision point, including developing
and implementing its poverty reduction strategy. The country
then receives the bulk of debt relief under the HIPC Debt
Initiative without further policy conditions. ■ Estimated
Table 12a
donor country
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
total nominal debt service relief—is the amount of debt
service relief, calculated at the decision point, that will allow
the country to achieve debt sustainability at the completion
point.
Data are from the World Bank’s World Development
Indicators database and are based on other original
source information as noted below.
The main sources of external debt information are reports
to the World Bank through its Debtor Reporting System
from member countries that have received IBRD loans or
IDA credits. Additional information has been drawn from the
files of the World Bank and the IMF. The data on GNI and
exports of goods and services are from the World Bank’s
national accounts files and the IMF’s Balance of Payments
database. Summary tables of the external debt of developing
countries are published annually in the World Bank’s Global
Development Finance and on its Global Development
Finance CD-ROM. Data on the HIPC initiative are from
the August 2005 “HIPC Status Report” by the International
Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The data on aid flows
are compiled by DAC and published in its annual statistical
report, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Aid
Recipients, and its annual Development Cooperation Report.
Data are available electronically on the OECD’s International
Development Statistics CD-ROM and to registered users at
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/50/17/5037721.htm
Official Development Assistance (ODA)
1990
171
106
367
740
462
317
2,286
1,769
..
21
1,382
1,753
10
834
18
532
100
194
775
325
834
2,199
$ million
2000
293
113
221
308
537
112
1,144
1,212
19
114
389
2,159
46
794
29
427
171
144
532
270
1,426
1,989
2004
350
168
645
702
735
153
3,169
2,312
65
322
788
1,684
87
1,453
65
837
878
424
762
399
2,988
4,504
1990
17.9
63.1
41.3
30.0
39.4
37.5
33.3
28.0
..
36.7
40.7
19.4
39.4
33.0
18.9
44.2
70.3
20.1
38.7
43.3
31.7
21.6
Measuring progress in least developed countries
net to LDCs
% total
2000
2004
29.7
24.0
25.7
24.8
27.0
44.1
17.7
27.0
32.3
36.1
30.2
23.3
27.9
37.4
24.1
30.7
8.4
14.0
48.7
53.0
28.3
32.0
16.0
18.9
37.4
36.9
25.3
34.6
25.6
30.6
33.8
38.1
63.2
85.2
12.1
17.4
29.6
28.0
30.3
25.8
31.7
37.9
20.0
22.9
% donors’ GNI
1990
2000
2004
0.06
0.08
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.19
0.10
0.18
0.13
0.05
0.07
0.37
0.34
0.31
0.24
0.09
0.08
0.19
0.09
0.15
0.12
0.07
0.08
..
0.02
0.03
0.06
0.14
0.21
0.13
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.27
0.31
0.30
0.21
0.25
0.04
0.07
0.07
0.52
0.26
0.33
0.17
0.16
0.53
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.35
0.24
0.22
0.14
0.10
0.11
0.09
0.10
0.14
0.04
0.02
0.04
trade capacity -building
% of total ODA
2001
2004
2.1
1.2
..
1.3
2.4
7.4
9.3
3.0
0.6
0.3
1.0
..
0.4
1.6
2.6
1.6
..
0.2
0.3
0.2
1.4
1.4
0.6
0.4
..
..
2.7
3.2
10.8
10.7
4.1
2.8
0.7
1.1
0.1
..
0.9
0.8
6.3
8.2
4.8
1.4
6.7
3.4
35
36
Measuring progress in least developed countries
LDC COUNTRY TABLES
Afghanistan
Angola
Bangladesh
Benin
Bhutan
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Democratic Republic
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Haiti
Kiribati
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Lesotho
Liberia
Measuring progress in least developed countries
Madagascar
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Myanmar
Nepal
Niger
Rwanda
Samoa
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Solomon Islands
Somalia
Sudan
Tanzania
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tuvalu
Uganda
Vanuatu
Yemen
Zambia
37
AFGHANISTAN
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Afghanistan
2000
2005
LDCs
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
..
..
..
..
..
..
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
..
..
..
..
..
7.0
..
..
13.8
..
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
..
..
41
..
..
37
4
..
..
39
43
13
127
56
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Afghanistan
Surface area = 652 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
LDCs
100
..
..
..
..
..
..
80
25
14
..
16
20
54
18
41
..
..
20
..
61
..
..
1,900
14
300
..
333
0.1
333
200
..
..
13
8
100
2
12
..
..
0
60
40
0
Afghanistan
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
Data not available
for Afghanistan
150
LDCs
50
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
15.2
3,642
14.0
..
..
2,462
..
7,168
-0.9
..
..
..
..
12.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.9
10.8
13.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
38
Measuring progress in least developed countries
AFGHANISTAN
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
14.0
3.4
12.8
..
Cash surplus/deficit
..
-0.7
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
..
..
67.7
..
9.9
49.6
..
..
..
..
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
185
550
..
560
3,200
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
..
..
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
122
16
7
252
a
a
a
a
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
..
..
..
..
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
..
..
..
..
Environment
n/a
n/a
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
58
1.6
..
58
1.3
0.3
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
..
..
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
..
..
..
..
13.3
..
..
..
23.7
..
..
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United States
United Kingdom
Japan
141
16.6
2,190
36.7
2
13
0
778
224
173
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
-397
Migration stock (thousands)
38
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
3,587.3
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
0.0
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
..
Paid
..
2,140
43
2,085.5
0.0
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
..
..
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
10
5,000
4,000
data not available for Afghanistan
merchandise imports
3,000
5
2,000
merchandise exports
1,000
0
LDCs
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
39
a
ANGOLA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Angola
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
13.8
2.5
33
15.9
2.9
37
751.8
2.3
28
5.9
430
1,470
3.0
0.5
21.5
1,350
2,210
14.7
11.4
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
40
154
31
..
..
69
59
41
154
..
83
54
..
..
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Angola
Surface area = 1,247 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
35
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
11
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
..
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
26
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
260
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
38
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
214
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
32
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
30
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
7
Aid per capita (US$)
25
LDCs
100
..
..
..
80
..
17
20
Angola
60
40
0
1998
2000
2002
2004 2005
..
..
260
64
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
1,700
45
300
3.7
259
200
50
30
54
74
250
Angola
150
LDCs
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
7.8
..
10.5
10,260
13.8
9,129
15.9
28,038
3.0
3.4
2.7
1.6
2.8
9.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.9
40.8
5.0
41.2
35.8
34.5
11.7
38.9
20.9
9.0
7.9
65.8
3.7
26.4
..
..
12.5
76.7
61.8
19.1
0.5
6.3
-11.1
1.4
-0.2
6.7
-5.1
2.2
-2.6
..
-1.4
4.4
-0.3
-2.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.8
9.8
12.0
5.7
..
..
..
..
..
15.3
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
5.7
72.1
2.9
22.2
..
..
12.7
89.6
62.8
21.4
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
40
Measuring progress in least developed countries
ANGOLA
LDC country table
2000
2004
2000
Prices
2004
Central Government Finance
23.0 a
32.7 a
88.7 a
325.0
418.2
10.0
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
171
164
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
4.8
..
..
..
9.1
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
7,921
3,040
2,449
23,120
8,150
3,163
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
796
8.7
686
3.5
Reserves including gold
1,198
a
a
3,197 a
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
135 a
155 a
146 a
334 a
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
9,408
1,705
9,521
2,050
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
103.1
20.7
48.7
14.8
879
0
1,444
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
307
4.1
1,144
6.6
Portugal
United States
Japan
13
37
21
715
121
25
Movement of people
n/a
n/a
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
46
47.9
..
46
47.4 a
6.6
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.48
0.53
3.1
3.1
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
576
..
606
..
10.4
1.1
1.1
..
..
3.2
11.1
..
..
..
Technology and Infrastructure
-120
46
433.8
12.1
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
145
56 a
228.8
14.0
..
266
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
..
296
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
US$ millions
15
25,000
Angola
20,000
10
15,000
merchandise exports
10,000
5
5,000
0
merchandise imports
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
0
2005
LDCs
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
41
BANGLADESH
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Bangladesh
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
128.9
2.0
23
141.8
1.9
25
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
50.3
390
1,590
5.9
3.9
66.2
470
2,090
5.4
3.5
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
62
66
48
..
..
109
109
63
56
48
..
..
107
111
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Bangladesh
Surface area = 144 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
33.8
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
49
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
..
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
..
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
18
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
149
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
65
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
10
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
264
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
71
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
23
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
2
Aid per capita (US$)
20
Bangladesh
100
36.0
49.8
9.0
80
76
51
20
LDCs
60
40
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
106
24
77
77
380
13
0.1
229
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
LDCs
150
100
75
48
37
10
50
0
Bangladesh
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
82.2
18,115
104.0
30,129
128.9
45,443
141.8
59,958
2.4
3.7
2.1
4.8
1.9
5.3
31.6
20.6
13.8
47.8
91.8
6.1
14.4
5.5
17.9
3.7
30.3
21.5
13.1
48.3
86.2
4.2
17.1
6.1
13.5
14.4
20.5
28.0
17.0
51.5
76.6
5.5
24.4
16.1
22.6
29.8
2.1
6.0
5.2
3.8
2.7
2.7
7.2
5.4
3.2
14.8
2.9
7.3
7.2
4.5
2.9
4.7
9.2
13.1
9.7
15.5
2.2
7.4
6.8
5.6
3.4
11.4
7.8
7.8
4.5
8.0
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
25.5
25.3
15.2
49.2
76.8
4.7
23.9
14.5
19.9
31.1
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
42
Measuring progress in least developed countries
BANGLADESH
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
10.6
7.6
9.0
1.5
10.4
8.1
8.8
1.2
Cash surplus/deficit
-0.7
-0.7
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
2.2
1.9
50.3
3.2
5.0 a
61.5 a
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
131
119
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
6,389
8,883
-2,459
9,190
13,868
-3,855
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-306
-0.7
-279
-0.5
Reserves including gold
1,516
a
a
2,825 a
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
65
52
35
363
a
a
a
a
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
electricity
corruption
15,717
799
20,344
675
73.2
57.9
..
..
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
34.6
8.6
36.0
5.2
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
2.6
..
5.9
4.5
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
280
1
449
4
Environment
70
6.8
..
69
6.7
0.8
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.23
0.26
10.2
10.4
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
145
..
159
..
9.5
1.6
0.8
..
9.5
11.9
2.2
..
0.1
0.0
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United Kingdom
Netherlands
United States
1,171
2.4
1,404
2.4
103
33
63
253
65
63
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
-300
988
5.4
21.6
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
1,968
4
-350
1,032 a
5.7
20.4
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
3,584
8
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
10
15,000
merchandise imports
LDCs
10,000
5
5,000
0
Bangladesh
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
43
a
BENIN
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Benin
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
7.2
3.0
42
8.4
3.1
46
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
2.4
340
950
5.8
2.7
4.3
510
1,110
3.9
0.7
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
54
95
23
..
..
91
63
55
90
..
48
23
111
86
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Benin
Surface area = 113 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
LDCs
100
80
..
..
..
30.9
29.0
7.4
18
10
49
26
49
46
71
..
185
79
152
85
..
..
850
66
250
..
79
1.8
87
150
60
11
68
32
3
52
38
46
a
60
Benin
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
200
LDCs
Benin
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
3.7
1,405
5.2
1,845
7.2
2,255
8.4
4,287
3.3
2.5
3.3
4.8
3.2
4.0
35.4
12.3
8.0
52.3
97.7
8.6
15.2
15.8
37.3
1.1
36.1
13.2
7.8
50.7
86.8
11.0
14.2
14.3
26.3
9.9
32.2
13.4
7.5
54.4
78.1
15.0
19.6
13.5
26.1
10.6
5.1
3.4
5.1
0.7
1.9
0.5
-5.3
-4.3
-6.2
-5.2
5.8
4.1
5.8
4.2
2.6
4.4
12.2
1.8
2.1
23.8
4.6
3.8
2.7
3.5
2.3
8.3
4.8
2.7
1.8
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
36.5
13.9
8.8
49.6
82.4
11.6
18.9
15.2
28.1
10.9
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
44
Measuring progress in least developed countries
BENIN
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
4.2
3.2
712.0
5.4
1.8
527.5
100
100
171
144
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
b
b
b
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
392
613
-179
620
960
-360
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-81
-3.6
-331
-9.3
Reserves including gold
458
657
b
b
Private Sector Development
b
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
129
107
32
50
b
b
b
b
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
1,591
75
1,916
64
70.6
11.8
47.3
7.6
67
0
60
1
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
France
Denmark
United States
239
10.6
378
9.4
74
20
30
63
32
28
..
..
..
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
29
24.2
..
31
21.3
11.4
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.22
0.25
3.4
3.4
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
280
..
292
..
20.0
1.4
2.1
..
..
3.7
12.2
..
0.1
2.3
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-29
134
0.1
4.3
99
175
0.3
4.8
87
9
55
6
b
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
1,000
per 1,000 people
15
merchandise imports
Benin
750
10
500
merchandise exports
LDCs
5
250
0
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1999. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
45
b
BHUTAN
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Bhutan
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
0.8
2.9
8
0.9
2.4
9
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
0.4
540
..
5.6
2.6
0.8
870
..
5.8
3.3
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
61
77
19
..
..
..
..
64
67
..
..
..
..
..
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Bhutan
Surface area = 47 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
..
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
..
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
..
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
12
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
166
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
93
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
15
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
204
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
..
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
..
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
3
Aid per capita (US$)
78
..
..
..
100
80
40
..
..
LDCs
60
no data available
for Bhutan
20
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
..
..
80
87
420
37
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
0.1
107
62
70
53
87
LDCs
150
100
Bhutan
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
0.5
131
0.6
299
0.8
447
0.9
840
2.1
8.7
2.9
5.0
2.6
7.5
47.2
15.6
3.0
37.2
70.2
23.7
31.0
14.1
39.0
-20.8
36.7
26.3
7.9
37.0
55.0
16.3
32.5
26.9
30.7
28.6
25.8
37.9
7.7
36.3
32.6
19.8
61.0
28.2
41.5
53.4
5.5
16.5
13.5
7.3
..
..
4.4
..
..
..
1.7
6.2
7.3
7.1
3.6
9.5
7.9
6.2
8.2
..
3.3
10.0
4.0
7.1
1.1
8.7
11.5
8.5
6.6
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
28.4
35.2
8.5
36.4
48.9
21.2
47.4
29.4
46.9
39.1
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
46
Measuring progress in least developed countries
BHUTAN
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
38.8
9.8
18.9
..
31.3
7.4
16.3
..
Cash surplus/deficit
-2.4
1.9
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
4.0
6.1
44.9
4.6
7.0
44.6
..
..
..
..
a
a
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
103
175
..
250
400
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
318
467
a
a
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
104
66
62
72
a
a
a
a
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
204
7
593
12
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
45.6
..
81.4
..
0
0
1
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
transportation
customs
Denmark
Netherlands
Japan
53
11.9
78
10.9
8
3
7
18
12
11
12.5
10.9
9.1
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
12
66.8
..
12
68.0
25.1
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.49
0.47
..
..
..
..
..
..
60.7
6.2
2.8
..
62.0
12.3
22.3
..
0.0
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
-5
Migration stock (thousands)
9
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
108.9
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
..
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
..
Paid
..
0
10
105.3
..
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
..
..
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
25
500
Bhutan
20
merchandise imports
250
10
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
LDCs
0
2005
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
47
a
BURKINA FASO
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Burkina Faso
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
11.3
2.9
17
13.2
3.1
19
751.8
2.3
28
2.8
250
1,000
1.6
-1.3
5.2
400
1,220
4.8
1.6
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
47
100
34
..
..
52
37
48
97
38
29
15
59
47
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Burkina Faso
Surface area = 247 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
62.7
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
20
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
7
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
62
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
13
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
210
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
79
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
42
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
158
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
39
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
13
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
2
Aid per capita (US$)
39
27.2
46.4
6.9
29
12
LDCs
100
80
Burkina-Faso
60
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
76
15
192
78
1,000
38
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
Burkina-Faso
200
2.0
191
51
12
37
48
150
LDCs
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
6.6
1,929
8.5
3,120
11.3
2,601
13.2
5,171
2.6
3.6
2.8
4.0
3.2
5.1
28.4
19.8
14.7
51.7
98.0
9.2
15.1
9.0
31.3
..
27.8
20.2
14.7
52.0
81.6
13.2
18.2
11.3
24.3
13.4
30.6
19.8
13.5
49.6
83.4
12.8
20.6
8.7
21.9
7.4
3.1
3.8
2.0
3.8
2.6
6.2
8.6
-0.4
2.6
..
4.2
2.3
1.6
4.5
3.7
-0.5
7.0
0.0
1.4
..
5.8
2.7
2.2
12.0
6.8
2.6
8.2
6.6
11.3
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
33.9
16.2
10.8
49.9
80.9
12.6
22.7
9.1
25.3
9.7
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
48
Measuring progress in least developed countries
BURKINA FASO
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
1.4
..
..
..
1.4
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
-0.3
5.3
712.0
6.4
2.1
527.5
100
100
213
175
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
a
a
a
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
209
611
-421
440
1,230
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-319
-12.3
..
..
Reserves including gold
244
438
a
a
Private Sector Development
a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
154
138
45
107
a
a
a
a
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
1,426
47
1,967
59
54.8
15.0
40.8
..
23
-3
35
0
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
France
Netherlands
Germany
336
12.9
610
12.7
82
16
22
84
55
39
..
..
..
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
37
25.3
..
40
24.8
11.5
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.09
0.09
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.0
1.3
0.8
0.2
..
2.2
4.1
..
3.1
9.8
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-121
573
0.1
0.7
100
773
0.9
0.5
67
45
50
44
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
10
1,500
merchandise imports
1,000
LDCs
5
merchandise exports
500
0
Burkina Faso
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
49
a
BURUNDI
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Burundi
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
6.5
1.7
9
7.5
3.6
11
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
0.8
120
600
-0.9
-2.5
0.7
100
640
0.9
-2.6
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
43
114
45
..
..
68
54
44
114
..
67
52
87
73
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Burundi
Surface area = 28 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
45.2
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
36.4
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
41
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
5
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
82
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
13
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
190
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
74
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
19
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
125
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
69
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
44
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
1
Aid per capita (US$)
47
54.6
..
5.1
LDCs
100
a
80
Burundi
60
a
40
33
12
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
82
..
190
75
1,000
25
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
Burundi
200
3.3
343
79
36
12
48
150
LDCs
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
4.1
920
5.7
1,132
6.5
709
7.5
800
3.2
4.4
1.3
-2.9
3.0
2.2
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
62.2
12.6
7.4
25.1
91.4
9.2
13.9
8.8
23.3
..
55.9
19.0
12.9
25.2
94.5
10.8
14.5
7.9
27.8
-5.4
34.8
20.0
8.8
45.1
87.3
28.4
12.1
8.5
36.3
8.5
3.1
4.5
5.7
5.6
3.4
3.2
6.9
3.4
1.5
..
-1.9
-4.3
-8.7
-2.8
-4.8
-2.6
-0.5
-1.2
-1.6
..
-1.5
-6.2
..
10.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
40.4
18.8
8.7
40.8
89.8
17.6
6.1
7.7
21.2
-0.8
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
50
Measuring progress in least developed countries
BURUNDI
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
18.3
13.6
20.6
6.0
..
..
..
5.7
Cash surplus/deficit
-2.4
..
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
24.3
13.5 b
13.2
16.7 b
720.7 1,076.2 b
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
94
119
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
50
148
-98
110
280
-132
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-50
-7.1
-25
-4.3
Reserves including gold
38
b
b
101 b
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
143
88
43
94
b
b
b
b
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
1,108
22
1,385
88
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
156.3
39.5
208.6
66.0
12
0
3
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
93
12.8
351
54.3
1
5
6
44
35
25
United States
France
Belgium
Movement of people
..
..
..
..
..
..
88
7.7
..
91
5.9
5.7
0.04
0.04
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.1
0.6
0.8
..
..
4.7
3.4
..
0.0
5.9
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
Net Aid Flows
..
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-400
77
568.1
27.1
192
100 b
485.8
48.8
..
2
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
..
4
Exports and imports
US$ millions
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
500
merchandise imports
250
LDCs
5
Burundi
0
2000
2001
2002
merchandise exports
2003 2004 2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1998. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
51
b
CAMBODIA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Cambodia
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
12.7
2.1
17
14.1
2.0
20
751.8
2.3
28
3.6
280
1,800
8.4
6.2
5.3
380
2,490
7.0
5.0
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
56
95
45
..
..
114
99
57
97
..
85
64
142
131
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Cambodia
Surface area = 181 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
100
a
34.1
35.9
6.9
..
29
82
29
73
48
87
53
115
34
141
80
..
..
450
32
..
584
1.6
510
..
..
34
16
100
0
4
40
35
0
b
LDCs
80
..
..
..
60
Cambodia
a
40
20
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
LDCs
150
Cambodia
50
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
6.6
..
9.7
1,115
12.7
3,656
14.1
5,391
3.9
..
2.7
7.1
2.0
6.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
46.4
13.0
8.9
40.6
91.2
7.2
8.2
6.1
12.8
5.6
32.9
29.2
21.5
37.9
80.4
4.9
25.8
64.7
75.8
18.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.9
14.3
18.6
7.1
5.7
7.2
10.9
21.7
14.8
36.2
2.8
14.2
14.6
3.9
2.3
4.4
23.4
13.9
12.7
21.8
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
37.9
23.0
16.9
39.1
89.8
5.2
16.9
49.8
61.7
13.2
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
52
Measuring progress in least developed countries
CAMBODIA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
3.2
12.8
8.6
9.1
2.2
..
-2.2
20
20
20
20
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
-0.8
5.7 c
-3.1
5.1 c
3,853.8 4,097.0 c
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
158
122
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Cash surplus/deficit
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
1,389
1,939
-730
3,100
3,700
-420
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-428
-11.7
-217
-4.4
Reserves including gold
611
c
c
1,158 c
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
133
137
86
56
c
c
c
c
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
2,628
32
3,377
27
corruption
crime, theft, and disorder
..
..
55.9
41.7
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
71.9
1.2
69.1
0.8
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
148
0
131
0
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
30
65.4
..
30
59.2
18.5
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.04
0.04
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.2
1.2
0.5
..
..
2.8
3.0
..
0.1
0.2
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
Japan
United States
France
398
11.3
478
10.3
99
21
22
86
48
26
Movement of people
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
100
237
36.9
0.0
-10
304 c
18.1
0.4
121
104
177
139
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
10
5,000
4,000
LDCs
merchandise imports
3,000
5
2,000
merchandise exports
1,000
0
Cambodia
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1997. b. Data are for 1999. c. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
53
c
CAPE VERDE
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Cape Verde
2000
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2005
2005
0.5
2.3
53
0.5
2.3
58
751.8
2.3
28
0.6
1,280
4,760
6.6
4.1
0.9
1,870
6,000
5.5
3.0
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
69
31
..
..
..
120
116
70
27
..
..
..
113
108
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Cape Verde
Surface area = 4 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
Cape Verde
100
..
..
..
..
..
..
80
51
21
95
66
20
..
39
100
..
60
79
36
69
..
..
150
..
..
158
..
172
..
..
80
42
23
304
281
282
LDCs
60
40
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
LDCs
150
100
Cape Verde
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
0.3
..
0.4
339
0.5
531
0.5
1,024
2.1
5.9
2.4
6.0
2.4
5.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
14.4
21.4
8.2
64.3
93.4
14.7
22.9
12.7
43.7
17.6
6.9
18.3
7.3
74.8
83.5
21.6
23.3
34.1
62.5
14.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.0
5.1
3.8
6.7
7.4
7.2
0.2
14.6
8.5
-5.7
4.0
7.4
6.5
4.7
7.8
-8.5
6.4
8.7
6.7
-10.7
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
12.0
17.9
9.3
70.2
92.9
21.3
19.7
27.5
61.4
9.1
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
54
Measuring progress in least developed countries
CAPE VERDE
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
1.3
..
..
..
0.7
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
-2.5
-1.2
119.7
0.4
2.3
88.7
100
100
108
150
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
a
a
a
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
11
230
-180
18
440
-270
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-58
-10.9
-77
-9.7
Reserves including gold
28
174
a
a
Private Sector Development
a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
..
..
..
..
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
327
16
517
26
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
61.6
6.8
54.5
5.3
33
0
20
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
Portugal
Netherlands
Luxembourg
94
18.1
140
14.7
23
8
6
31
13
9
..
..
..
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
18
20.3
..
18
20.8
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.31
0.31
..
..
..
..
..
..
78.0
55.5
17.8
..
..
96.9
50.5
..
4.5
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-5
10
0.0
..
-5
11
0.0
..
87
2
92
1
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
50
500
merchandise imports
Cape Verde
25
250
LDCs
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
55
a
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Central African Republic LDCs
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
2000
2005
2005
3.8
1.7
41
4.0
1.3
44
751.8
2.3
28
1.0
270
1,140
2.3
0.6
1.4
350
1,140
2.2
0.9
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
41
115
24
..
..
88
60
39
115
..
65
33
76
52
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Central African Republic
Surface area = 623 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
66.6
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
2.0
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
29
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
11
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
60
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
30
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
168
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
83
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
117
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
48
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
23
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
2
Aid per capita (US$)
83
..
..
..
100
80
40
..
12
LDCs
60
20
0
no data available for
Central African Republic
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
..
..
193
35
1,100
44
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
10.7
322
75
27
18
26
Central African Republic
150
LDCs
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
2.3
797
3.0
1,488
3.8
953
4.0
1,369
2.5
1.4
2.3
2.0
1.3
-1.4
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
40.0
20.1
7.2
39.9
93.7
15.1
7.0
25.2
41.1
1.6
47.6
19.7
11.3
32.7
85.7
14.9
12.3
14.8
27.6
-0.4
53.9
21.4
..
24.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.6
1.4
5.0
1.0
1.5
-1.7
10.0
-1.2
0.5
..
3.8
0.7
-0.2
-0.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.6
4.2
4.0
-12.9
..
..
..
..
..
-10.7
(% of GDP)
55.2
20.0
9.4
24.8
80.9
11.3
10.8
13.2
16.3
9.5
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
56
Measuring progress in least developed countries
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.1
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
3.2
2.4
712.0
2.9
2.3
527.5
100
100
94
103
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
a
a
a
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
161
117
..
140
165
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
136
145
a
a
Private Sector Development
a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
153
112
14
69
a
a
a
a
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
858
14
1,078
18
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
90.0
..
82.4
..
1
0
-13
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
75
8.0
105
8.0
France
United States
Germany
19
1
7
37
12
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
8
36.8
..
8
36.5
8.7
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.07
0.07
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.7
1.6
0.5
..
..
2.8
2.3
..
0.1
0.1
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
a
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
11
72
0.1
55.7
-45
76
31.1
25.0
..
..
..
..
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
10
250
200
merchandise imports
LDCs
150
5
100
Central African
Republic
merchandise exports
50
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
57
CHAD
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Chad
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
8.2
3.3
24
9.7
3.1
26
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
1.5
180
830
-0.4
-3.7
3.9
400
1,470
5.6
2.3
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
44
117
28
..
13
83
50
44
117
37
41
13
86
56
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Chad
Surface area = 1,284 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
..
..
..
..
64.0
..
100
LDCs
80
a
60
Chad
40
17
7
29
15
41
4
58
..
203
32
200
56
..
..
1,100
14
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
Chad
200
..
101
3.5
279
20
6
34
8
1
52
14
34
150
LDCs
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
4.6
1,033
6.1
1,739
8.2
1,383
9.7
5,469
2.7
6.1
3.1
2.2
3.4
14.5
45.1
8.9
10.3
46.0
98.3
5.5
3.2
16.9
28.9
-2.7
29.3
17.7
14.4
53.0
97.6
10.0
6.8
13.5
27.9
-2.7
22.7
51.2
4.7
26.1
58.1
4.9
17.4
58.9
39.3
20.7
2.3
8.1
..
6.7
2.6
17.0
18.6
6.5
9.9
..
4.9
0.6
..
0.9
1.5
-8.3
4.0
2.3
-1.7
..
2.2
45.9
..
8.4
5.0
3.8
5.0
55.6
16.7
32.3
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
42.3
11.6
9.0
46.0
86.8
7.7
23.3
16.9
34.7
7.9
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
58
Measuring progress in least developed countries
CHAD
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
1.5
..
..
..
1.0
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
3.8
4.8
713.0
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
-5.4
20.0 b
526.6 b
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
846
374
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
183
317
..
3,230
850
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
114
b
b
231 b
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
152
154
75
44
b
b
b
b
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
1,138
26
1,701
46
82.3
..
39.5
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
115
0
478
0
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
131
9.6
319
8.8
United States
France
Germany
4
25
15
47
46
31
Movement of people
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
..
..
..
..
..
..
39
9.8
..
39
9.5
9.1
0.02
0.01
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.8
1.3
0.4
..
..
1.6
6.4
..
..
..
Technology and Infrastructure
99
105
55.0
17.7
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
271
437 b
52.7
259.9
..
..
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
..
..
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
10
5,000
4,000
LDCs
merchandise exports
3,000
2,000
..
..
5
merchandise imports
Chad
1,000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1996. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
59
b
COMOROS
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Comoros
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
0.5
2.1
33
0.6
2.1
36
751.8
2.3
28
0.2
400
1,770
1.9
-0.3
0.4
640
2,000
2.8
0.7
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
61
61
25
..
..
91
77
63
52
..
..
..
91
80
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Comoros
Surface area = 2.2 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
100
..
..
..
..
..
..
80
32
18
50
35
20
71
17
84
..
120
87
70
73
..
..
480
62
..
88
0.1
46
89
23
94
23
8
104
26
42
LDCs
Comoros
60
40
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
LDCs
150
100
Comoros
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
0.3
124
0.4
263
0.5
204
0.6
382
2.6
2.8
2.2
1.3
2.1
2.2
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
34.0
13.2
3.9
52.8
79.2
30.9
33.2
8.7
51.9
..
39.4
7.9
4.0
52.7
79.7
23.4
18.8
13.6
35.4
-1.2
35.1
10.1
3.6
54.8
92.6
12.6
10.9
14.3
30.4
3.5
3.7
-2.9
4.9
3.4
3.0
1.8
-4.2
9.3
-0.2
..
3.0
4.0
1.7
-0.8
3.2
-3.6
-3.9
-2.7
-2.9
..
3.2
3.6
1.7
0.6
4.4
0.1
-3.6
3.5
6.4
..
(% of GDP)
40.9
11.9
4.2
47.2
85.5
13.3
13.1
15.1
27.0
14.8
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
60
Measuring progress in least developed countries
COMOROS
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.5
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
..
3.8
534.0
..
0.4
395.6
100
100
204
161
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
a
a
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
14
43
..
20
75
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
43
86
a
a
Private Sector Development
a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
..
..
..
..
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
238
3
306
3
116.6
..
82.8
..
0
0
2
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
France
Canada
Belgium
25
6.7
11
..
0
13
0
0
..
..
..
..
65
3.6
..
66
2.2
..
0.16
0.15
..
..
..
..
..
..
76.5
5.6
2.8
..
..
8.5
13.6
..
0.5
..
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
19
9.2
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-6
61
0.0
0.0
-10
67
0.1
..
12
..
12
..
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
15
100
merchandise imports
Comoros
10
50
LDCs
5
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
61
a
CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Congo, Dem. Rep.
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
50.1
2.2
30
57.5
3.0
33
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
4.2
80
610
-6.9
-8.9
6.9
120
720
6.6
3.5
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
42
129
31
..
..
51
46
44
129
..
81
54
..
..
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Surface area = 2,345 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
..
..
..
..
..
..
46
22
..
18
..
26
..
..
205
38
205
64
..
..
990
61
..
133
3.2
366
100
80
60
LDCs
Congo,
Dem. Rep.
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
Congo, Dem. Rep.
200
43
18
46
29
1
24
37
32
150
LDCs
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
28.0
14,395
37.8
9,350
50.1
4,306
57.5
6,974
3.0
1.6
2.8
-4.9
2.8
4.4
26.8
35.0
15.2
38.2
81.5
8.4
10.0
16.5
16.4
7.9
31.0
29.0
11.3
40.0
79.1
11.5
9.1
29.5
29.2
0.8
46.0
25.3
5.5
28.7
87.1
6.8
14.3
34.1
42.2
12.9
2.5
0.9
1.6
2.0
3.4
0.0
-5.1
9.6
10.7
-13.3
1.4
-8.0
-8.7
-12.3
-4.5
-17.4
-0.7
-0.5
-2.4
..
0.4
9.2
3.1
5.5
..
..
..
7.8
25.2
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
50.0
20.3
4.8
29.7
88.0
7.5
3.5
22.4
21.4
-3.5
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
62
Measuring progress in least developed countries
CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
LDC country table
2000
2004
2000
Prices
2004
Central Government Finance
550.0
515.8
69.0
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
21.3 a
23.4 a
488.3 a
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
186
181
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Cash surplus/deficit
5.2
3.5
8.6
1.0
8.2
6.3
..
..
-4.0
..
60
40
50
40
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
824
697
..
2,190
2,270
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
..
..
a
a
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
155 a
153 a
155 a
106 a
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
11,692
25
11,841
121
271.6
..
182.0
..
23
0
0
0
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United Kingdom
Belgium
United States
184
4.7
1,815
29.1
8
27
13
301
265
190
Movement of people
n/a
n/a
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
10
59.6
..
10
58.9 a
5.0
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.05
0.03
2.3
2.1
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
292
..
293
..
..
..
0.1
..
..
..
0.9
..
..
..
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
-1,410
Migration stock (thousands)
717
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
371.7
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
332.5
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
..
Paid
..
-322
539 a
462.2
199.3
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
..
..
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
10
5,000
4,000
LDCs
3,000
merchandise imports
5
2,000
1,000
0
Congo,
Dem. Rep.
merchandise exports
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
63
DJIBOUTI
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Djibouti
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
0.7
3.0
82
0.8
1.8
85
751.8
2.3
28
0.6
780
1,940
0.7
-2.3
0.8
1,020
2,240
3.2
1.4
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
52
107
..
..
..
39
28
53
101
..
..
..
44
35
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Djibouti
Surface area = 23 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
..
..
..
..
..
..
100
LDCs
80
60
Djibouti
40
32
11
29
22
70
..
75
..
163
85
126
60
..
..
730
61
..
608
3.1
734
78
48
80
50
10
347
43
82
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
LDCs
150
Djibouti
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
0.3
..
0.6
418
0.7
553
0.8
702
5.0
..
2.5
-1.4
2.1
2.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.3
20.0
5.3
76.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.9
-5.6
-9.8
-0.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
3.7
14.2
2.7
82.1
80.1
25.2
12.9
44.6
62.8
5.3
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
64
Measuring progress in least developed countries
DJIBOUTI
LDC country table
2000
2004
2000
Prices
2004
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
..
2.4
177.7
..
3.0
177.7
..
..
..
..
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
a
a
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
4.0
..
..
..
4.3
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
32
207
..
42
330
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
68
89
a
a
Private Sector Development
a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
..
..
..
..
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
262
14
429
18
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
47.4
..
64.9
..
3
0
33
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
France
Japan
United States
64
8.8
21
14
1
25
7
6
..
..
..
..
69
0.3
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
71
12.6
..
..
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
73
0.3 a
..
0.54
0.48
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.6
9.1
2.0
..
..
27.0
11.6
..
..
..
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
20
28
1.9
23.2
-10
20
0.5
18.0
..
..
..
..
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
15
500
Djibouti
10
merchandise imports
250
LDCs
5
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
65
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Equatorial Guinea
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
0.4
2.4
45
0.5
2.3
50
751.8
2.3
28
0.3
650
5,080
1.5
-0.9
..
..
7,580
10.0
7.5
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
44
120
19
..
..
128
122
43
122
..
93
80
..
..
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Equatorial Guinea
Surface area = 28 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
100
..
..
..
..
..
..
80
50
..
50
30
20
..
11
82
..
170
88
204
51
..
5
880
65
60
LDCs
Equatorial Guinea
40
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
Equatorial Guinea
200
..
87
3.2
239
..
..
44
53
4
172
106
60
150
LDCs
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
0.2
..
0.4
132
0.4
1,341
0.5
3,231
4.8
1.5
2.4
21.3
2.3
11.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
61.5
10.6
1.7
27.8
80.3
39.7
17.4
32.2
69.6
-22.0
6.8
88.9
..
4.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
6.8
..
5.7
..
..
..
-3.6
6.0
..
7.3
49.2
..
10.1
20.3
6.8
46.4
66.8
47.5
..
-0.1
15.6
..
6.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
7.0
88.0
..
4.9
59.2
21.0
91.6
101.7
173.5
9.7
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
66
Measuring progress in least developed countries
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
..
75.3
712.0
..
-8.3
527.5
100
100
265
188
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
a
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
1,097
451
..
6,950
2,050
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
23
2,102
a
a
Private Sector Development
a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
..
..
..
..
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
248
5
291
5
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
18.5
..
9.0
..
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
108
0
1,664
0
n/a
n/a
Spain
France
Canada
21
4.8
30
..
10
8
0
18
5
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
12
60.9
..
12
58.2
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.36
0.36
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.5
1.6
..
..
14.2
10.2
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
0
5
0.5
..
0
6
0.6
..
..
..
..
..
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
US$ millions
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
10,000
7,500
Equatorial Guinea
merchandise exports
LDCs
5
5,000
2,500
0
2000
2001
2002
merchandise imports
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
67
a
ERITREA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Eritrea
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
3.6
3.7
19
4.4
3.9
21
751.8
2.3
28
0.6
180
910
-13.1
-16.3
1.0
220
1,010
4.8
0.8
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
53
61
40
..
..
68
56
54
52
..
..
..
71
57
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Eritrea
Surface area = 118 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
53.0
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
19
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
..
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
..
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
30
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
147
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
18
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
225
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
40
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
8
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
4
Aid per capita (US$)
22
100
..
..
..
80
43
31
20
LDCs
60
Eritrea
40
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
72
35
82
84
630
28
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
2.4
271
57
9
14
61
LDCs
150
100
Eritrea
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
2.4
..
3.0
477
3.6
634
4.4
986
2.4
..
1.6
5.7
4.3
3.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
30.6
12.0
8.2
57.4
104.0
21.8
7.8
11.4
45.0
10.1
22.6
22.6
8.2
54.8
82.3
45.3
20.1
8.9
56.6
9.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.5
15.0
10.6
5.7
-5.0
22.6
19.1
-2.5
7.5
-19.7
0.8
4.1
6.6
3.2
2.6
5.0
-8.0
-7.6
-4.1
-19.5
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
15.1
23.0
11.2
61.9
70.9
63.8
31.9
15.1
81.8
20.4
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
68
Measuring progress in least developed countries
ERITREA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
36.4
..
..
..
19.5
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
..
25.0
9.6
..
10.3
15.0
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
266
321
a
a
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
37
471
-402
9
495
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-105
-16.5
..
..
Reserves including gold
36
28
a
a
Private Sector Development
a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
137
150
91
91
a
a
a
a
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
311
3
681
19
49.1
3.1
73.3
..
28
0
30
0
macroeconomic instability
cost of financing
United States
Norway
Italy
176
27.8
260
28.4
39
6
19
95
19
16
81.8
52.7
..
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
75
15.6
..
75
15.4
4.3
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.17
0.17
..
..
..
..
..
..
21.8
1.7
1.4
..
..
3.5
11.8
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
-9
Migration stock (thousands)
13
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
376.9
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
2.0
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
3
Paid
1
280
15
131.1
4.2
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
..
..
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
15
500
Eritrea
merchandise imports
10
250
LDCs
5
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
69
a
ETHIOPIA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Ethiopia
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
64.3
2.4
15
71.3
1.8
16
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
8.1
130
780
5.4
2.9
11.1
160
1,000
8.7
6.8
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
42
116
47
..
..
76
51
42
110
..
..
..
101
86
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Ethiopia
Surface area = 1,104 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
..
..
..
23.0
44.2
9.1
100
LDCs
80
60
Ethiopia
40
26
13
55
31
68
40
77
..
204
38
166
71
..
..
850
6
..
128
..
353
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
Ethiopia
200
25
4
22
6
2
20
8
26
150
LDCs
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
37.7
7,269
51.2
12,083
64.3
7,845
71.3
11,174
3.1
2.0
2.3
3.5
2.1
4.2
58.9
11.9
6.0
29.2
80.0
9.8
14.5
7.6
11.9
10.8
51.9
11.8
5.1
36.3
77.2
13.2
12.9
5.6
8.8
11.9
47.7
13.3
5.1
39.0
82.2
14.2
26.3
16.4
39.1
17.2
0.6
3.4
3.1
3.5
1.0
4.0
4.9
3.2
3.2
6.4
2.2
4.0
3.8
4.5
2.3
9.6
5.9
7.1
5.8
10.1
3.1
5.8
2.4
3.9
4.8
-0.1
6.6
15.0
11.0
5.1
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
47.7
12.4
5.7
39.9
73.1
18.9
20.5
12.5
25.0
16.3
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
70
Measuring progress in least developed countries
ETHIOPIA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
7.9
19.8
10.8
22.0
3.6
Cash surplus/deficit
..
-8.0
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
0.7
6.0
8.1
11.6
6.0
8.7
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
122
297
a
a
a
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
486
1,262
-629
860
4,160
-2,043
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
13
0.2
-668
-6.9
Reserves including gold
363
1,226
a
a
Private Sector Development
a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
101
94
32
56
a
a
a
a
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
tax rates
tax administration
..
..
73.6
60.3
..
..
..
0.4
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
31
13.7
..
32
13.0
16.9
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.09
0.09
2.7
2.6
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
291
..
299
..
12.0
0.9
0.2
..
12.9
3.2
1.6
..
0.1
0.2
5,483
138
6,574
97
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
69.9
13.0
67.5
5.3
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
135
0
545
0
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United States
United Kingdom
Germany
693
8.9
1,823
18.9
130
11
39
402
147
126
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
-77
Migration stock (thousands)
662
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
66.4
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
198.0
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
53
Paid
13
-150
555
63.1
116.0
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
134
9
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
10
5,000
LDCs
4,000
merchandise imports
3,000
5
2,000
0
Ethiopia
merchandise exports
1,000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
71
a
THE GAMBIA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
The Gambia
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
1.3
3.2
26
1.5
2.6
26
751.8
2.3
28
0.4
320
1,640
5.5
2.2
0.4
290
1,920
5.0
2.2
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
55
92
17
..
..
86
74
56
89
..
..
..
79
84
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
The Gambia
Surface area = 11 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
64.0
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
43
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
18
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
64
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
21
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
154
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
86
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
44
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
193
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
..
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
..
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
7
Aid per capita (US$)
106
26.5
57.6
4.8
..
47
The Gambia
100
a
a
80
LDCs
60
a
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
98
..
122
90
540
55
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
2.4
233
82
53
99
43
LDCs
150
100
The Gambia
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
0.7
241
0.9
317
1.3
421
1.5
461
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.0
2.8
3.6
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
30.8
14.9
5.6
54.3
63.0
31.2
26.7
42.7
63.6
..
29.0
13.1
6.6
57.9
75.6
13.7
22.3
59.9
71.6
5.3
33.0
13.0
5.1
53.9
78.5
11.1
25.0
43.4
60.3
11.9
0.9
4.7
7.8
2.7
-2.4
1.7
0.0
1.2
-5.5
..
3.3
1.0
0.9
3.7
3.1
-2.2
1.9
-0.2
-0.8
20.9
2.0
7.2
4.2
5.9
4.1
4.2
2.9
3.5
5.3
-7.2
(% of GDP)
35.8
13.1
5.4
51.1
77.8
13.7
17.4
48.0
56.8
13.6
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
72
Measuring progress in least developed countries
THE GAMBIA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
0.8
..
..
..
0.4
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
0.2
3.7
12.8
3.2
4.3
28.6
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
131
125
b
b
b
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
15
187
-53
9
237
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-24
-5.8
..
..
Reserves including gold
109
98
b
b
Private Sector Development
b
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
..
..
..
..
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
483
22
674
34
114.8
11.5
168.1
..
44
0
60
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
United States
Japan
Germany
49
12.3
63
16.5
3
3
3
3
3
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
75
46.1
..
78
47.1
2.3
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.21
0.20
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.4
11.4
9.1
..
19.3
15.6
33.2
..
3.1
2.6
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
45
185
0.8
12.0
31
232
0.8
7.3
14
..
8
..
b
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
50
250
merchandise imports
200
The Gambia
150
25
100
50
0
LDCs
merchandise exports
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
73
b
GUINEA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
LDCs
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
2000
2005
2005
8.4
2.1
33
9.4
2.2
36
751.8
2.3
28
3.4
400
1,930
1.9
-0.2
3.5
370
2,240
3.0
0.8
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
53
112
33
..
..
70
49
54
101
..
43
18
87
71
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Guinea
Surface area = 246 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
40.0
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
6.4
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
19
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
9
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
46
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
30
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
240
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
35
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
31
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
122
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
42
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
17
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
2
Aid per capita (US$)
47
100
..
..
..
80
48
26
20
LDCs
60
Guinea
40
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
72
..
155
73
740
56
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
Guinea
200
1.5
240
150
LDCs
100
51
13
15
30
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
4.8
..
6.2
2,818
8.4
3,112
9.4
2,689
2.6
..
3.0
4.4
2.2
2.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
23.8
33.3
4.6
42.9
73.4
8.9
17.5
30.9
30.6
10.6
25.6
37.6
4.1
36.9
85.2
6.4
11.7
33.1
36.3
7.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.6
4.7
4.0
3.6
3.6
5.0
2.8
4.6
1.3
4.9
4.3
3.2
2.0
2.0
3.7
0.3
-3.6
0.7
-2.4
-5.4
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
23.2
35.9
4.0
40.9
79.3
3.8
22.0
23.6
28.7
14.7
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
74
Measuring progress in least developed countries
GUINEA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
1.5
..
..
..
2.9
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
..
..
11.1
13.2 a
1,746.9 3,642.9 a
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
95
125
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
666
612
-138
910
845
-153
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-140
-4.5
-162
-4.3
Reserves including gold
168
263
a
a
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
144
145
49
104
a
a
a
a
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
3,388
155
3,538
172
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
108.9
20.4
93.7
19.9
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
10
0
100
0
Environment
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
153
5.0
279
7.5
France
United States
Germany
20
26
17
72
48
20
Movement of people
n/a
n/a
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
50
28.1
..
51
27.4
0.7
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.15
0.15
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.5
3.4
0.9
..
9.8
4.8
5.0
..
0.1
0.0
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
-227
735
1.5
427.2
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-299
406 a
3.9
139.3
1
27
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
42
48
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
10
1,000
merchandise exports
LDCs
750
500
merchandise imports
5
Guinea
250
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
75
a
GUINEA-BISSAU
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Guinea-Bissau
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
1.4
2.8
32
1.6
3.0
36
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
0.2
160
740
7.5
4.5
0.3
180
700
3.5
0.5
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
44
132
25
..
..
84
56
45
126
..
..
..
..
..
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
Guinea-Bissau
Surface area = 36 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
100
LDCs
80
..
..
5.2
..
..
..
..
..
27
18
..
11
65
..
253
53
203
80
..
..
1,100
35
..
165
3.8
199
60
Guinea-Bissau
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
Guinea-Bissau
200
150
LDCs
100
..
..
59
34
6
127
8
50
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
0.8
111
1.0
244
1.4
215
1.6
301
2.5
4.0
3.0
1.2
3.0
-0.5
44.3
19.7
..
36.1
73.3
27.6
28.2
12.7
41.8
-6.3
60.8
18.6
8.4
20.6
86.9
10.3
29.9
9.9
37.0
15.3
61.8
11.2
7.7
27.0
84.6
18.2
14.6
37.3
54.8
3.0
4.7
2.2
..
3.5
-1.2
7.2
12.9
-1.7
0.3
..
3.9
-3.1
-2.0
-0.6
2.0
1.9
-6.5
15.4
-0.4
-44.0
4.0
3.6
3.5
0.7
-1.4
-3.7
-4.5
4.1
-3.5
45.1
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
56.4
13.0
10.5
30.6
94.6
14.0
11.3
31.8
51.6
-2.7
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
76
Measuring progress in least developed countries
GUINEA-BISSAU
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
4.4
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
8.6
3.3
712.0
0.9
7.6
527.5
100
100
130
175
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
a
a
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
62
59
-25
80
120
-31
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-11
-5.6
0
-0.1
Reserves including gold
67
80
a
a
Private Sector Development
a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
..
..
..
..
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
804
20
765
45
373.3
30.1
283.4
16.1
1
0
5
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
Portugal
France
Netherlands
80
39.6
76
29.4
15
7
11
12
5
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
58
75.4
..
58
73.7
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.19
0.19
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.3
..
2.2
..
..
..
16.9
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-11
19
0.9
7.6
1
19
1.0
7.5
2
..
23
7
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
20
250
Guinea-Bissau
200
merchandise imports
150
10
LDCs
100
50
0
merchandise exports
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
77
a
HAITI
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Haiti
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
7.9
1.4
36
8.5
1.4
39
751.8
2.3
28
3.9
490
1,800
0.4
-1.0
3.9
450
1,840
2.0
0.5
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
51
81
17
..
..
..
..
52
74
..
..
..
..
..
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Haiti
Surface area = 28 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
65.0
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
28
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
21
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
95
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
40
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
150
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
31
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
23
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
484
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
53
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
15
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
7
Aid per capita (US$)
25
53.9
..
2.4
100
80
40
..
..
LDCs
60
20
0
no data available
for Haiti
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
..
..
117
54
680
24
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
LDCs
200
3.8
306
150
71
34
100
64
29
0
Haiti
50
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
5.5
1,462
6.9
2,864
7.9
3,716
8.5
4,245
2.3
-0.2
1.4
-1.5
1.4
-0.5
27.9
17.0
8.4
55.1
91.8
8.0
29.5
15.6
44.9
31.6
-0.1
-1.7
-1.7
0.5
0.9
-4.4
-0.6
1.2
2.3
..
-7.4
3.2
-8.4
-0.3
..
..
8.6
-10.3
-5.2
..
-1.2
0.5
-2.2
-0.4
..
..
1.5
7.7
10.6
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
..
..
..
..
81.9
10.1
16.9
21.6
30.5
..
..
..
..
..
81.4
8.0
13.0
17.5
20.0
6.4
28.4
16.6
9.0
55.0
86.0
7.6
26.6
12.3
32.5
23.7
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
78
Measuring progress in least developed countries
HAITI
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
13.7
11.2
21.5
15.7
15.5
40.7
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
123
126
a
a
a
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
318
1,036
-847
473
1,471
-906
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-85
-2.3
-13
-0.4
Reserves including gold
183
134
a
a
Private Sector Development
a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
134
149
203
683
a
a
a
a
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
1,169
44
1,225
133
31.5
4.1
32.0
4.0
13
0
7
0
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
58
4.0
..
58
3.8
0.4
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.18
0.22
7.0
6.3
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
257
..
270
..
24.3
..
2.5
..
..
..
59.5
..
3.5
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
208
5.6
243
6.3
United States
Canada
France
91
20
11
91
37
25
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-105
26
7.6
..
-105
30
9.2
..
578
..
876
..
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
50
1,500
Haiti
merchandise imports
1,000
25
500
LDCs
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
79
a
KIRIBATI
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Kiribati
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
0.1
2.6
43
0.1
1.2
50
751.8
2.3
28
0.1
1,030
..
1.9
-0.7
0.1
1,390
..
0.3
-0.9
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
62
52
..
..
..
109
109
..
49
..
..
..
113
116
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Kiribati
Surface area = 0.7 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
100
..
..
..
..
..
..
80
..
..
118
91
20
..
..
111
..
88
75
65
56
..
72
..
89
..
134
..
59
48
25
64
39
17
280
52
171
Kiribati
LDCs
60
40
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
LDCs
150
100
Kiribati
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
0.1
28
0.1
28
0.1
49
0.1
76
2.2
1.5
2.3
5.2
1.8
-0.5
20.7
9.0
2.1
70.2
94.5
59.2
33.1
23.4
110.2
50.7
18.6
7.6
1.2
73.8
102.9
52.8
93.1
11.6
147.2
..
8.9
13.4
0.9
77.6
..
..
..
13.2
107.3
..
-2.3
-3.9
-10.7
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
-6.7
8.4
8.9
5.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.5
-1.6
0.0
-2.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
7.7
10.7
1.0
81.6
..
..
..
9.6
65.2
..
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
80
Measuring progress in least developed countries
KIRIBATI
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
..
-0.4
1.7
..
0.5
1.3
..
..
..
..
a
a
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
4
40
..
1
55
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
..
..
a
a
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
45
62
21
58
a
a
a
a
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
..
..
..
..
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
..
..
..
..
Environment
n/a
n/a
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
Australia
New Zealand
United States
18
20.2
17
12.6
5
2
0
5
2
1
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
51
2.7
..
51
2.7
..
0.36
0.31
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
8.8
16.5
..
..
10.2
20.4
..
..
..
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
..
2
..
..
..
3
0.0
..
7
..
7
..
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
25
100
Kiribati
20
merchandise imports
50
10
LDCs
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
81
a
LAO PDR
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Lao PDR
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
5.3
2.4
19
5.9
2.3
22
751.8
2.3
28
1.5
280
1,500
5.8
3.3
2.6
440
2,020
7.0
4.6
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
54
77
40
..
..
124
106
55
65
..
77
61
124
109
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Lao PDR
Surface area = 237 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
7.8
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
45.0
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
46
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
24
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
75
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
42
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
163
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
32
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
178
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
..
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
..
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
2
Aid per capita (US$)
36
27.0
38.6
8.1
74
46
LDCs
100
80
a
Lao PDR
60
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
84
..
83
36
650
19
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
0.1
156
100
43
24
48
47
LDCs
150
Lao PDR
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
3.2
..
4.1
866
5.3
1,735
5.9
2,855
2.5
3.7
2.4
6.5
2.3
6.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
61.2
14.5
10.0
24.3
93.9
10.9
13.5
11.8
24.7
-3.7
46.0
27.9
20.4
26.1
..
..
16.7
27.6
31.4
1.5
3.5
6.1
8.9
3.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.8
11.1
11.7
6.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.0
11.9
10.3
6.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
52.6
22.9
17.0
24.5
..
..
21.8
30.1
34.4
20.1
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
82
Measuring progress in least developed countries
LAO PDR
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
40
..
40
..
Central Government Finance
25.1
10.5
25.1
6.5 b
7,878.0 10,591.0 b
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
109
94
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Cash surplus/deficit
Balance of Payments and Trade
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
330
535
-72
435 b
605 b
..
Private Sector Development
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-8
-0.5
..
..
Reserves including gold
144
275
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
147
102
198
135
b
b
b
b
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
2,502
41
2,056
53
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
144.2
7.9
82.7
..
34
0
17
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
Japan
Sweden
France
282
17.0
270
11.3
115
15
13
72
22
20
Movement of people
n/a
n/a
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
8
71.6
..
8
69.9
3.0
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.19
0.23
..
..
..
..
..
..
44.5
2.7
1.1
..
14.1
3.8
3.6
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
-7
24
16.1
0.0
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-7
25 b
16.1
..
1
0
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
1
1
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
10
1,000
LDCs
750
merchandise imports
5
500
250
0
Lao PDR
merchandise exports
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1998. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
83
b
LESOTHO
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Lesotho
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
1.8
0.7
18
1.8
-0.2
18
751.8
2.3
28
1.1
630
2,660
1.3
0.6
1.7
960
3,410
1.2
1.4
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
41
75
18
..
..
117
122
36
80
..
74
90
131
131
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Lesotho
Surface area = 30 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
43.1
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
56
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
24
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
124
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
25
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
104
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
80
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
50
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
179
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
..
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
37
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
8
Aid per capita (US$)
89
36.4
..
1.5
71
36
Lesotho
100
a
80
LDCs
60
a
40
20
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
104
..
112
70
550
55
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
23.2
696
76
37
109
57
LDCs
150
100
Lesotho
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1990
1.3
431
1.6
615
24.6
26.5
8.4
48.9
130.5
21.4
37.0
19.9
108.9
49.7
23.8
32.8
13.9
43.5
138.8
14.1
52.7
16.8
122.4
59.5
2000
2005
1.8
859
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
1.8
1,453
2.1
4.5
1.2
3.9
0.1
2.9
17.3
41.3
18.7
41.5
88.4
22.5
36.0
56.0
103.0
32.2
2.8
4.9
8.5
4.0
3.6
3.2
5.0
4.9
3.5
2.2
2.0
5.0
6.6
4.4
0.5
6.0
1.5
11.1
0.9
-3.5
-1.2
2.7
3.1
4.3
3.8
4.0
-4.0
10.3
4.6
15.5
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
18.6
41.1
16.8
40.4
101.3
19.1
42.2
29.8
92.4
21.3
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
84
Measuring progress in least developed countries
LESOTHO
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
45.6
32.4
39.3
3.6
50.4
41.7
36.5
2.5
Cash surplus/deficit
-2.5
5.1
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
6.1
5.8
6.9
6.7
3.4
6.4
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
270
158
b
b
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
220
809
-516
675
1,410
-627
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-151
-17.6
-76
-5.6
Reserves including gold
418
520
b
b
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
b
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
97
111
92
101
b
b
b
b
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
672
62
764
53
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
78.2
11.3
55.8
4.5
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
118
0
123
0
Environment
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
77
0.2
..
77
0.3
0.2
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
..
..
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
..
..
..
..
18.3
..
2.2
..
..
..
23.9
0.0
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
Ireland
United Kingdom
Germany
37
3.4
102
6.1
9
5
3
15
7
5
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-36
5
0.0
0.0
-36
6
0.0
..
252
28
355
29
b
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
25
1,500
Lesotho
20
merchandise imports
1000
10
500
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
LDCs
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1995. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
85
b
LIBERIA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Liberia
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
3.1
5.2
45
3.3
1.3
48
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
0.4
130
..
25.7
19.3
0.4
130
..
5.3
3.9
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
42
157
27
..
..
115
83
42
157
..
..
..
..
..
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Liberia
Surface area = 111 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
LDCs
100
..
..
..
..
..
..
80
..
..
..
32
20
..
24
73
..
235
..
235
42
..
57
760
51
..
112
..
310
60
Liberia
40
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
Liberia
200
56
38
62
26
4
53
3
65
150
LDCs
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1.9
954
2.1
384
3.1
561
3.3
548
1.3
-7.0
3.6
4.1
1.4
-6.8
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
32.2
25.2
6.9
32.3
66.1
19.1
..
64.3
64.4
..
54.4
16.8
..
28.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
63.6
15.2
12.0
21.1
86.9
10.8
15.9
36.6
50.2
18.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
72.0
11.6
9.4
16.4
89.1
14.4
4.9
23.2
31.6
-21.4
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
86
Measuring progress in least developed countries
LIBERIA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
7.5
..
..
..
7.5
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
..
-1.3
41.0
..
9.0
57.1
..
..
..
..
a
a
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
329
668
..
195
1,180
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
0
25
a
a
Private Sector Development
a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
..
..
..
..
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
2,032
1
2,706
1
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
362.2
..
544.6
..
21
0
20
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
United States
United Kingdom
Sweden
68
17.5
210
52.8
16
3
1
103
16
13
..
..
..
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
27
35.9
..
27
32.7
1.7
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.13
0.14
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.2
..
0.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
555
Migration stock (thousands)
160
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
266.9
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
69.3
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
..
Paid
..
-245
50
335.5
15.2
a
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
..
..
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
10
1,500
LDCs
merchandise imports
1000
5
500
merchandise exports
Liberia
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
87
a
MADAGASCAR
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Madagascar
2000
2005
LDCs
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
16.2
2.9
26
18.6
2.7
27
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
3.9
240
810
4.8
1.7
5.4
290
880
4.6
1.8
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
55
84
33
..
..
102
98
56
76
42
77
65
136
131
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Madagascar
Surface area = 587 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
46.3
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
35
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
17
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
98
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
24
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
168
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
47
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
57
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
192
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
40
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
12
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
3
Aid per capita (US$)
33
61.0
71.3
4.9
100
Madagascar
80
a
LDCs
60
40
45
..
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
..
..
123
59
550
51
0.5
218
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
LDCs
150
Madagascar
100
45
33
19
68
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
9.1
4,042
12.0
3,081
16.2
3,878
18.6
5,040
2.8
1.1
3.0
2.0
2.8
2.0
30.1
16.1
..
53.9
89.3
12.1
15.0
13.3
29.7
-2.4
28.6
12.8
11.2
58.6
86.4
8.0
17.0
16.6
28.0
9.2
28.1
15.9
14.1
56.0
84.2
8.1
22.4
25.6
40.3
10.9
2.5
0.9
2.1
0.3
-0.7
0.5
4.9
-0.8
-5.7
51.5
1.8
2.4
2.0
2.4
2.3
0.0
3.4
3.9
4.3
7.5
1.7
1.5
2.7
1.5
2.9
3.6
13.3
-2.5
10.3
11.3
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
29.1
14.5
12.3
56.4
85.5
6.8
15.0
30.7
38.0
9.4
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
88
Measuring progress in least developed countries
MADAGASCAR
LDC country table
2000
2004
2000
Prices
2004
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
12.0
18.5 b
7.2
18.3 b
1,353.5 2,003.0 b
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
113
107
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Cash surplus/deficit
76.5
56.6
53.1
6.1
101.6
54.4
63.0
..
-10.2
-22.5
..
..
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
824
997
-332
750
1,550
-529
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-260
-6.7
-309
-5.6
Reserves including gold
285
b
b
481 b
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
131 b
124 b
38 b
134 b
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
4,691
117
3,462
81
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
121.0
9.6
79.3
6.0
83
0
45
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
322
8.5
1,236
28.8
France
Italy
United States
46
1
32
485
43
41
Movement of people
cost of financing
macroeconomic instability
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
66.9
64.4
..
..
..
0.7
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
47
22.4
..
47
22.1 b
4.3
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.14
0.13
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.6
2.2
1.9
0.1
..
5.0
5.0
..
1.0
0.8
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-3
61
0.1
0.1
0
63 b
0.1
..
11
12
16
8
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
US$ millions
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
5,000
4,000
LDCs
3,000
5
merchandise imports
2,000
Madagascar
1,000
0
2000
2001
2002
merchandise exports
2003 2004 2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1999. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
89
MALAWI
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Malawi
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
11.5
2.6
15
12.9
2.2
17
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
1.7
150
570
1.6
-1.1
2.1
160
650
2.6
0.4
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
40
117
25
..
..
142
136
40
110
..
75
54
123
126
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Malawi
Surface area = 118 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
2004
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
54.0
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
29
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
8
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
81
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
11
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
241
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
81
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
55
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
257
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
41
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
36
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
3
Aid per capita (US$)
53
41.7
65.3
4.9
100
a
a
b
Malawi
80
LDCs
60
40
58
29
20
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
98
13
175
80
1,800
61
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
Malawi
200
14.1
413
67
46
25
38
150
LDCs
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
6.2
1,238
9.5
1,881
11.5
1,744
12.9
2,072
4.3
2.5
2.0
3.7
2.3
3.4
43.7
22.5
13.7
33.7
69.9
19.3
24.7
24.8
38.8
..
45.0
28.9
19.5
26.1
71.5
15.1
23.0
23.8
33.4
13.6
34.7
19.4
12.5
45.9
94.9
16.7
14.5
26.8
53.0
-7.4
2.0
2.9
3.6
3.3
2.2
6.3
-2.8
2.5
-0.3
..
8.6
2.0
0.5
1.6
6.5
-4.4
-8.4
4.0
-1.1
..
0.5
3.8
1.7
3.2
4.1
8.5
2.5
2.7
6.1
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
39.5
17.9
12.9
42.5
81.6
14.6
13.6
25.6
35.3
2.2
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
90
Measuring progress in least developed countries
MALAWI
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
0.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
38
38
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
29.6
30.5
59.5
15.4
15.5
118.4
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
119
149
c
c
c
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Cash surplus/deficit
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
379
532
-192
460
1,035
-323
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-73
-4.2
-201
-10.4
Reserves including gold
247
165
c
c
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
c
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
96
70
35
118
c
c
c
c
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
2,705
63
3,418
60
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
155.2
13.3
179.6
7.6
26
0
16
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
n/a
n/a
United kingdom
United States
Norway
446
26.1
476
25.6
97
59
7
120
57
27
..
..
7.2
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
43
37.9
..
47
36.2
11.2
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.07
0.06
..
..
..
..
..
..
18.5
1.0
1.3
..
..
1.6
3.7
..
0.4
2.0
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-50
280
0.0
3.9
-20
279
0.1
3.7
1
1
1
1
c
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
US$ millions
per 1,000 people
10
1,500
LDCs
merchandise imports
1000
5
500
Malawi
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1998. b. Data are for 1997. c. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
91
c
MALDIVES
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Maldives
2000
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
2005
LDCs
2005
0.3
2.7
28
0.3
2.5
30
751.8
2.3
28
0.6
2,010
..
4.4
1.6
0.8
2,390
..
-3.6
-5.9
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
65
45
30
..
..
127
128
67
35
..
96
96
105
102
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Maldives
Surface area = 1.0 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
..
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
..
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
..
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
31
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
111
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
96
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
90
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
148
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
99
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
..
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
29
Aid per capita (US$)
98
2004
..
..
..
100
73
Maldives
100
80
LDCs
60
40
20
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
102
36
46
97
110
70
..
49
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
LDCs
150
100
84
58
451
87
50
0
Maldives
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
0.2
42
0.2
215
0.3
624
0.3
817
3.1
..
3.0
8.7
2.5
5.4
..
..
..
..
31.7
23.5
34.0
89.3
78.4
32.8
6.7
9.9
9.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.8
9.6
4.9
8.9
6.9
14.1
9.2
8.6
9.4
..
6.9
8.8
6.5
6.4
-5.1
8.5
14.9
9.0
9.5
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
18.2
57.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24.5
64.0
..
..
..
..
..
32.9
22.9
26.3
89.5
71.6
35.1
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
MALDIVES
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
Central Government Finance
-1.2
1.5
11.8
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
..
..
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
3.3 a
6.0 a
12.8 a
..
..
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
32.2
13.8
25.5
..
40.0
18.0
33.2
..
Cash surplus/deficit
-5.0
-5.1
..
..
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
109
389
6
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-51
-8.2
Reserves including gold
123
160 a
743 a
-37
-134
-16.7
186 a
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
31 a
25 a
12 a
..
External Debt and Resource Flows
345
32
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
..
..
33.0
4.2
43.1
4.6
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
13
0
15
0
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
206
20
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
Japan
Denmark
Australia
19
3.2
28
3.7
8
2
2
5
2
1
Movement of people
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
33
3.3
..
47
3.3 a
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
1.7
3.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
34.5
20.7
..
..
112.1
59.2
..
..
1.1
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Environment
0
3
0.0
..
0
3a
0.0
..
2
46
3
61
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
50
1,000
Maldives
750
merchandise imports
500
25
merchandise exports
250
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
LDCs
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
MALI
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Mali
2000
LDCs
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
11.6
2.9
30
13.5
3.0
34
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
2.6
220
770
3.2
0.3
5.1
380
1,000
5.4
2.3
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
48
124
33
..
..
60
45
48
121
..
27
12
71
56
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Mali
Surface area =1,240 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
72.3
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
..
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
4.6
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
10
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
7
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
59
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
36
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
250
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
43
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
..
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
32
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
304
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
34
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
36
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
1
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
54
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
..
63.8 a
..
44
22
100
1,200
41
Mali
60
40
20
0
74
..
219
75
LDCs
80
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
1.7
281
200
48
45
100
Mali
150
LDCs
50
36
43
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1990
7.0
1,787
8.9
2,421
48.3
13.2
6.5
38.5
87.4
11.6
15.5
14.7
29.1
1.9
45.5
15.9
8.5
38.6
79.8
13.8
23.0
17.1
33.7
15.1
2000
11.6
2,422
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
13.5
5,098
2.4
0.8
2.7
4.1
3.0
5.8
36.0
24.2
3.3
39.8
79.1
10.4
23.8
25.7
39.1
11.1
3.3
4.3
6.8
1.9
0.6
7.9
3.6
4.8
6.6
..
2.6
6.4
-1.4
3.0
3.2
3.2
0.4
9.9
3.5
..
4.3
5.2
6.0
6.4
1.8
22.0
6.3
6.7
4.4
7.7
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
41.6
20.6
3.8
37.9
79.4
8.6
24.6
26.8
39.4
16.0
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
MALI
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
2.4
..
..
..
1.9
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
-0.7
5.6
712.0
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
6.4 b
-1.1 b
527.5 b
204
161
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
551
806
-283
1,150 b
1,500 b
-318
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-255
-10.5
-271
-6.2
Reserves including gold
381
855 b
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
146 b
143 b
42 b
44 b
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
57.3
56.3
67.9
5.8
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
180
1
Environment
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
2,980
94
3,316
103
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
123.0
12.8
82
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
France
Netherlands
United States
360
15.0
567
12.1
98
43
56
82
64
46
Movement of people
28
10.7
..
28
10.3 b
3.7
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.05
0.04
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.1
1.1
1.3
..
..
3.2
3.8
..
10.3
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
-284
48
0.4
8.4
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
73
26
-134
46 b
0.5
11.3
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
154
58
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
1,500
merchandise imports
LDCs
1000
merchandise exports
5
Mali
500
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1998. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
MAURITANIA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Mauritania
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
2.6
2.9
58
3.1
2.9
64
751.8
2.3
28
1.2
460
1,760
6.7
3.6
1.7
560
2,150
5.4
2.3
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
52
79
32
..
..
89
84
53
78
..
60
43
95
93
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
1990
2004
49.4
..
..
25.9
46.3
6.2
29
13
43
20
67
37
96
..
133
38
125
64
..
40
1,000
57
..
238
0.7
287
41
28
56
42
3
117
135
60
Mauritania
Surface area = 1,026 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
100
80
Mauritania
LDCs
60
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
LDCs
150
100
Mauritania
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1.6
709
2.0
1,020
2.6
1,081
3.1
1,888
2.3
1.8
2.6
4.6
3.0
5.0
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
30.4
26.0
..
43.6
58.2
45.3
26.3
36.8
66.7
3.9
29.6
28.8
10.3
41.6
69.2
25.9
20.0
45.6
60.7
17.6
16.9
31.8
9.9
51.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.7
4.9
-2.1
0.4
1.4
-3.8
6.9
2.1
0.2
-13.4
4.4
3.5
-1.9
5.5
4.6
-2.4
8.5
-1.5
-0.5
..
0.6
5.0
-3.2
6.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
19.3
37.8
15.8
42.9
82.7
12.8
16.7
35.2
47.5
14.3
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
MAURITANIA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
1.6
..
..
..
1.2
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
3.3
2.7
238.9
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
12.1 a
17.1 a
265.6 a
88
129
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
358
312
-79
410 a
740 a
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
77
6.8
..
..
Reserves including gold
283
420
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
127 a
146 a
82 a
49 a
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
2,378
83
2,297
57
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
220.0
27.7
149.7
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
40
0
300
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
France
Spain
Germany
212
19.3
180
11.1
23
5
8
29
12
11
Movement of people
..
..
99.3
..
..
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
39
0.3
..
39
0.3 a
1.7
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
1.2
1.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.3
9.5
1.9
..
..
14.1
4.7
..
..
..
Environment
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
10
63
29.8
0.4
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
..
..
2
10
30
66 a
31.1
0.5
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
2
..
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
1,000
750
LDCs
merchandise imports
5
500
Mauritania
250
0
merchandise exports
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
MOZAMBIQUE
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Mozambique
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
17.9
2.2
32
19.8
1.9
38
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
3.8
210
820
1.9
-0.2
6.1
310
1,270
7.7
5.7
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
43
122
26
..
..
84
64
42
104
24
..
..
104
86
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Mozambique
Surface area = 802 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
27
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
7
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
72
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
11
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
235
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
59
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
167
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
..
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
..
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
4
Aid per capita (US$)
75
2004
100
37.8 a
80
69.4 a
6.5 a
60
29
11
20
LDCs
Mozambique
40
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
82
..
152
77
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
1,000
48
250
16.1
460
150
Mozambique
200
LDCs
100
42
27
50
0
27
63
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
12.0
3,526
13.4
2,463
17.9
3,778
19.8
6,630
1.1
-0.1
2.9
6.4
2.0
8.6
37.1
34.4
..
28.5
96.7
12.2
7.6
10.9
27.4
-6.9
37.1
18.4
10.2
44.5
92.3
13.5
22.1
8.2
36.1
2.1
23.2
30.0
14.2
46.8
77.3
10.8
22.2
30.6
41.0
5.2
6.6
-4.5
..
6.7
-0.3
-1.1
-2.9
-6.8
-3.8
..
4.8
12.8
18.5
4.8
3.4
3.1
15.5
11.0
6.3
..
9.0
10.3
14.5
7.3
6.9
9.3
4.6
20.0
10.1
15.9
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
26.1
26.6
13.3
47.3
78.3
10.1
33.5
19.7
41.6
5.5
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
MOZAMBIQUE
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
1.4
..
..
..
1.2
..
..
20
35
32
32
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
12.7
12.7
10.3
6.3 b
15,447.1 23,061.0 b
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
254
121
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Cash surplus/deficit
Balance of Payments and Trade
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
364
1,158
-802
1,790 b
2,420 b
-622
Private Sector Development
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-764
-20.2
-607
-10.3
Reserves including gold
742
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
1,103 b
110 b
139 b
153 b
42 b
External Debt and Resource Flows
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
83.8
64.0
78.7
4.5
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
245
0
Environment
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
7,000
96
4,651
83
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
185.3
12.5
139
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United States
Sweden
Denmark
877
24.7
1,228
22.0
116
46
47
110
68
67
Movement of people
61
24.9
..
62
24.6 b
8.4
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.07
0.08
2.2
2.5
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
401
..
430
..
18.7
3.3
1.1
..
..
5.8
7.1
..
9.2
9.4
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
75
367
0.0
0.2
-20
406 b
0.1
0.6
37
156
58
21
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
5,000
4,000
LDCs
3,000
5
merchandise imports
2,000
Mozambique
1,000
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1997. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
MYANMAR
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Myanmar
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
47.7
1.3
28
50.5
1.0
31
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
..
..
..
9.8
8.5
..
..
..
5.0
3.9
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
59
78
35
..
..
90
89
61
76
32
94
86
99
101
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Myanmar
Surface area = 677 thousand sq. km
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
..
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
22
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
96
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
36
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
130
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
90
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
171
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
48
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
21
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
2
Aid per capita (US$)
4
2004
Myanmar
100
80
..
..
..
LDCs
60
40
20
78
40
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
101
..
106
78
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
360
57
200
1.3
171
LDCs
150
100
80
73
Myanmar
50
0
10
2
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
1990
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
33.7
..
40.8
..
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
46.5
12.7
9.5
40.8
..
..
21.5
9.1
12.9
17.3
57.3
10.5
7.8
32.2
..
..
13.4
2.6
4.8
11.5
2000
47.7
..
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
50.5
..
1.9
0.6
1.6
6.9
1.1
9.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.5
0.5
-0.2
0.8
..
..
-4.1
1.9
-6.8
-4.5
5.7
10.5
7.9
7.2
..
..
15.3
10.0
5.8
17.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
57.2
9.7
7.2
33.1
..
..
12.4
0.4
1.1
12.3
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
MYANMAR
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
5.3
3.0
..
2.3
5.0
2.0
..
1.3
..
..
30
30
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
-0.1
6.1
..
4.5
17.6 a
..
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
178
105
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Cash surplus/deficit
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
1,646
2,401
-354
2,835 a
2,285 a
723
-212
..
112
..
286
889 a
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
Reserves including gold
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
..
..
..
..
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5,928
87
7,239
125
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
..
3.9
..
3.8
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
258
0
214
0
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
Japan
United Kingdom
Australia
107
..
121
..
52
1
2
27
12
10
Movement of people
16
52.5
..
17
49.0 a
0.3
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.19
0.16
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
265
..
276
..
78.0
2.1
0.1
..
..
6.5
1.3
..
..
..
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
60
115
137.1
..
104
14
70
117 a
161.0
..
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
117
25
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
5,000
4,000
LDCs
merchandise exports
3,000
5
2,000
merchandise imports
1,000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Myanmar
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
NEPAL
LDC country table
Key Indicators
LDCs
Nepal
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
2000
2005
2005
24.4
2.3
14
27.1
2.0
16
751.8
2.3
28
5.4
220
1,330
6.1
3.7
7.3
270
1,530
2.3
0.3
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
61
69
48
..
..
130
103
62
59
..
63
35
118
108
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Nepal
Surface area = 147 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
51
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
34
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
59
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
12
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
145
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
57
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
7
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
243
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
69
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
12
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
3
Aid per capita (US$)
22
2004
24.1
30.9
6.0
75
46
100
LDCs
80
Nepal
60
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
90
17
76
73
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
740
15
250
0.5
184
150
200
LDCs
100
84
27
22
16
Nepal
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
15.2
1,946
19.1
3,628
24.4
5,489
27.1
7,346
2.3
4.6
2.5
4.9
2.1
2.6
61.8
11.9
4.3
26.3
82.2
6.7
18.3
11.5
18.7
13.6
51.6
16.2
6.1
32.1
84.3
8.7
18.1
10.5
21.7
10.1
40.2
21.4
8.0
38.4
76.0
11.5
25.7
16.1
29.3
31.3
4.0
8.8
9.3
3.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.4
7.2
8.9
6.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.2
1.1
-0.6
2.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
40.8
22.1
9.4
37.0
75.9
8.9
24.3
23.3
32.4
30.1
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
NEPAL
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
2.5
4.6
69.1
2.8
4.6 a
72.2 a
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
94
119
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
12.1
8.7
..
1.0
15.2
10.3
..
1.7
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
804
1,573
-508
830 a
1,860 a
-961
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-131
-2.4
197
2.9
Reserves including gold
987
1,565 a
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
55 a
30 a
21 a
2a
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
2,846
102
3,354
114
51.9
7.0
49.9
5.5
0
0
0
0
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United Kingdom
Japan
Germany
390
7.1
427
6.4
23
100
22
66
56
53
Movement of people
54.1
41.7
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
14.4
..
8.6
1.7
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
29
27.3
..
30
25.4 a
8.9
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.14
0.15
4.0
4.0
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
334
..
336
..
30.8
2.9
2.0
..
53.9
4.4
6.6
0.7
0.0
0.1
Environment
Technology and Infrastructure
-99
718
0.2
129.2
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
111
17
-100
819 a
1.2
124.9
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
823
64
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
5,000
4,000
LDCs
3,000
Nepal
merchandise exports
1,000
0
5
merchandise imports
2,000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
NIGER
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Niger
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
11.8
3.4
21
14.0
3.3
23
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
1.9
160
700
-1.4
-4.7
3.3
240
800
4.5
1.1
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
44
159
40
..
..
36
25
45
152
..
43
15
52
37
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Niger
Surface area =1,267 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
1990
2004
41.7
63.0
..
60.6 a
15
6
100
..
2.6 a
60
25
8
20
57
9
71
..
320
25
259
74
..
15
1,600
16
..
131
1.1
157
40
7
46
12
1
47
13
40
LDCs
80
Niger
40
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
350
Niger
300
250
200
LDCs
150
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
6.2
2,509
8.5
2,481
11.8
1,798
14.0
3,405
3.1
-0.1
3.3
2.4
3.4
3.7
43.1
22.9
3.7
34.0
75.1
10.4
28.1
24.6
38.1
17.1
35.3
16.2
6.6
48.6
83.8
15.0
8.1
15.0
22.0
-2.1
39.9
16.8
6.6
43.4
79.2
11.5
18.5
15.0
24.2
10.3
1.7
-1.7
-2.7
-0.7
-0.6
4.4
-7.1
-2.9
-6.3
-1.6
3.0
2.0
2.6
1.9
1.5
0.8
4.0
3.1
-2.1
12.3
6.4
3.1
3.9
4.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
37.8
17.8
6.8
44.4
83.4
13.0
11.4
17.8
25.7
2.8
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
NIGER
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
1.4
..
..
..
0.9
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
2.9
4.5
712.0
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
7.8 b
6.6 b
527.5 b
131
134
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
283
395
-135
410 b
920 b
-266
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-104
-5.8
-219
-8.0
Reserves including gold
80
250 b
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
150 b
142 b
35 b
49 b
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
1,673
26
1,950
51
93.0
7.7
63.9
7.5
8
1
0
0
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
Environment
30
1.0
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
France
United States
Germany
211
11.8
536
17.6
41
5
12
196
19
17
Movement of people
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
30
1.0 b
7.7
0.10
0.10
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.9
0.4
0.3
..
..
0.7
1.8
..
3.0
3.2
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
-6
120
0.5
0.1
-10
124 b
0.7
0.3
14
12
26
9
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
1,000
merchandise imports
LDCs
750
500
5
250
0
Niger
merchandise exports
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1995. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
RWANDA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
LDCs
Rwanda
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
2000
2005
2005
8.0
6.8
14
9.0
1.7
22
751.8
2.3
28
2.0
250
1,030
6.0
-1.0
2.1
230
1,320
5.0
3.2
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
41
118
24
..
..
104
100
44
118
..
71
60
118
120
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Rwanda
Surface area = 26 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
51.2
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
45
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
8
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
96
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
15
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
173
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
83
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
26
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
135
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
58
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
37
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
1
Aid per capita (US$)
41
2004
51.7
60.3 a
..
37
14
Rwanda
100
80
LDCs
60
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
100
..
203
84
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
1,400
31
250
3.1
371
150
Rwanda
200
LDCs
100
73
41
18
53
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
5.2
1,163
7.1
2,584
8.0
1,811
9.0
2,131
3.1
2.2
1.2
-0.3
2.4
4.9
45.8
21.5
15.3
32.6
83.3
12.5
16.1
14.4
26.4
13.3
32.5
24.6
18.3
42.8
83.7
10.1
14.6
5.6
14.1
11.3
42.2
20.2
9.5
37.7
88.0
13.3
21.0
9.6
31.9
14.7
0.5
2.5
2.6
3.6
1.2
5.2
4.3
3.4
2.6
..
2.6
-3.7
-6.0
-1.2
1.2
-1.7
1.4
-3.8
5.0
..
4.1
5.1
5.8
5.8
3.7
10.2
1.9
10.9
3.6
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
41.4
20.5
11.3
38.1
88.2
10.5
17.5
8.3
24.6
12.4
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
RWANDA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
3.7
..
..
..
2.1
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
4.3
3.3
389.7
9.1 b
7.0 b
555.9 b
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
187
135
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
52
211
-296
120 b
410 b
-293
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-94
-5.2
-6
-0.3
Reserves including gold
191
406 b
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
139 b
58 b
21 b
371 b
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
1,273
35
1,656
24
70.3
24.1
90.2
11.2
8
0
8
0
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United Kingdom
United States
Netherlands
322
17.9
468
26.0
53
23
20
58
50
26
Movement of people
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
68
13.9
..
78
19.5 b
6.2
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.07
0.07
..
..
..
..
..
..
8.3
..
0.6
..
..
..
4.3
..
0.6
25.4
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
1,977
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
89
Migration stock (thousands)
119.1
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
28.4
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
7
Received
28
Paid
US$ millions
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
45
121 b
63.8
50.2
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
10
31
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
500
merchandise imports
LDCs
250
5
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Rwanda
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1999. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
SAMOA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
LDCs
Samoa
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
2000
2005
2005
0.2
1.0
22
0.2
0.7
22
751.8
2.3
28
0.2
1,350
4,860
7.0
5.9
0.4
2,090
6,480
5.5
4.8
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
69
28
2
..
..
99
99
70
25
..
..
..
100
100
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Samoa
Surface area = 2.8 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
..
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
..
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
33
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
118
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
..
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
50
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
89
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
..
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
76
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
..
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
52
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
91
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
98
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
25
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
296
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
..
..
..
96
80
Samoa
100
80
LDCs
60
40
20
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
105
..
30
25
130
100
..
28
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
LDCs
150
100
88
100
130
167
Samoa
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1990
0.2
155
2000
0.2
112
0.2
231
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
0.2
399
0.4
1.0
1.0
2.7
0.8
4.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-0.4
0.5
-1.9
10.6
..
..
..
10.7
4.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.8
26.0
14.8
57.3
..
..
..
33.9
57.4
..
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
SAMOA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
1.0
2.5
3.3
1.8 a
3.3 a
2.7 a
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
75
160
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
14
106
-61
12 a
195 a
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-19
-8.2
..
..
Reserves including gold
64
92 a
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
39 a
71 a
68 a
147 a
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
197
9
562
21
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
85.5
5.1
157.4
..
-2
0
1
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
27
11.9
31
8.6
7
4
5
13
6
5
Australia
New Zealand
Japan
Movement of people
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
46
60.4
..
46
60.4 a
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.78
0.79
..
..
..
..
..
..
42.0
5.6
5.6
..
..
6.6
32.7
..
0.5
0.1
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
-14
8
0.0
..
-14
9a
..
..
45
3
45
11
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
50
250
200
merchandise imports
Samoa
150
25
100
0
LDCs
merchandise exports
50
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
SÃO TOMÉ AND PRINCIPE
LDC country table
Key Indicators
São Tomé and Principe
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
0.1
2.0
38
0.2
2.3
38
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
0.0
300
..
3.0
0.9
0.1
390
..
3.0
0.7
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
63
75
13
..
..
130
124
63
75
..
..
..
134
132
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
São Tomé and Principe
Surface area = 1.0 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
..
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
..
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
..
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
..
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
118
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
71
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
135
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
..
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
..
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
19
Aid per capita (US$)
468
2004
..
..
..
75
40
100
São Tomé and Principe
80
LDCs
60
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
99
..
118
91
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
..
76
250
..
107
150
200
100
79
24
79
218
LDCs
São Tomé and Principe
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
0.1
47
0.1
58
0.1
46
0.2
57
2.1
..
1.8
1.8
2.3
3.8
27.6
17.9
..
54.5
77.1
34.5
16.8
22.4
50.8
-5.5
27.6
17.9
4.9
54.5
114.8
27.6
15.6
14.5
72.5
-30.7
21.8
18.6
3.5
59.6
100.3
26.0
44.1
47.6
118.0
-23.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.6
1.5
1.4
0.8
-6.5
7.6
0.7
3.3
-1.8
..
3.0
4.3
2.9
4.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
20.0
17.3
4.5
62.6
53.2
50.9
43.6
33.5
81.2
0.9
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
SÃO TOMÉ AND PRINCIPE
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
..
..
7.4
-1.9 a
7,978.2 10,212.3 a
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
315
159
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
3
30
-20
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-19
-41.3
Reserves including gold
12
5a
49 a
-23
-23
-42.5
27 a
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
123 a
91 a
192 a
51 a
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
322
4
362
10
694.9
25.7
633.9
25.6
4
0
54
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
Portugal
France
Japan
35
82.6
33
61.8
11
4
1
13
5
1
Movement of people
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
54
28.1
..
58
28.1 a
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.63
0.63
..
..
..
..
..
..
68.1
..
46.5
..
..
..
130.7
..
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
-5
7
0.0
..
-2
7a
0.0
..
0
1
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
1
1
Exports and imports
US$ millions
Internet users
per 1,000 people
150
100
São Tomé and Principe
100
50
merchandise imports
50
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
LDCs
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
SENEGAL
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Senegal
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
10.3
2.5
47
11.7
2.4
51
751.8
2.3
28
4.7
450
1,410
3.0
0.5
8.2
710
1,770
6.2
3.7
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
55
80
23
..
..
69
60
56
78
..
51
29
78
74
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Senegal
Surface area = 197 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
100
22.3 a
80
..
6.4 a
60
42
15
45
19
20
69
26
90
..
148
51
137
57
..
47
690
58
250
..
203
0.9
245
150
66
35
72
52
6
103
72
92
45.4
33.4
..
LDCs
Senegal
40
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
200
LDCs
Senegal
100
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
6.0
2,987
8.0
5,699
10.3
4,385
11.7
8,318
2.9
3.1
2.6
3.2
2.4
4.9
18.9
15.4
10.6
65.8
84.7
20.3
11.7
26.9
43.6
-7.4
19.9
18.7
13.1
61.4
76.4
14.7
13.8
25.4
30.3
6.0
17.7
19.7
11.5
63.3
76.4
13.4
23.4
27.8
41.3
16.7
2.8
4.3
4.6
2.8
2.1
3.3
5.2
3.7
1.8
8.8
2.9
4.1
3.1
3.0
1.4
2.1
7.9
6.3
3.5
24.0
1.8
6.8
5.9
5.1
3.8
7.5
9.0
3.4
5.9
7.1
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
19.4
20.6
13.0
60.1
75.1
14.0
20.9
29.9
39.8
14.6
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
SENEGAL
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
Central Government Finance
0.7
3.3
710.1
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
1.7 b
2.5 b
527.5 b
166
173
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
19.7
17.3
13.7
1.4
..
..
..
1.4
Cash surplus/deficit
-0.9
..
50
35
0
35
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
920
1,519
-435
1,600 b
3,330 b
-831
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-332
-7.6
-437
-6.8
Reserves including gold
384
1,191 b
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
132 b
125 b
57 b
114 b
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
3,607
224
3,938
335
82.3
14.4
51.6
10.3
63
-2
70
4
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
France
Japan
United States
423
9.9
1,052
14.1
147
48
23
510
50
50
Movement of people
..
..
65.3
55.4
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
42
46.2
..
42
45.0 b
11.6
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.37
0.38
5.1
5.2
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
284
..
287
..
29.3
15.5
3.9
..
29.3
21.3
42.3
..
7.6
6.5
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
-100
297
11.1
20.8
-100
326 b
8.3
20.8
233
55
511
57
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
50
5,000
Senegal
4,000
merchandise imports
3,000
25
2,000
LDCs
1,000
0
merchandise exports
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1995. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
SIERRA LEONE
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Sierra Leone
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
4.5
3.0
37
5.5
3.5
40
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
0.6
140
450
3.8
0.7
1.2
220
780
7.5
3.8
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
40
167
27
..
..
93
65
41
165
..
47
24
169
122
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Sierra Leone
Surface area = 72 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
1990
2004
57.0
82.8
1.1
..
70.2
..
..
18
..
14
67
21
74
..
302
..
283
64
..
..
2,000
42
300
..
224
1.6
443
200
..
..
57
39
100
3
15
27
67
LDCs
100
80
Sierra Leone
60
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
Sierra Leone
LDCs
150
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
3.2
1,101
4.1
650
4.5
634
5.5
1,193
2.3
0.5
1.0
-5.1
4.1
13.7
33.0
21.9
5.3
45.0
90.7
8.4
16.2
22.9
38.2
0.5
46.9
19.2
4.6
33.9
83.5
7.8
10.0
22.4
23.8
2.6
46.1
24.4
3.7
29.5
90.4
12.9
15.0
24.0
42.7
6.9
3.1
1.7
..
-0.9
-2.7
-4.7
-1.1
-1.6
-5.1
..
-11.3
-4.1
5.0
-2.6
-8.3
10.4
-5.6
-11.2
-0.2
27.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
58.4
28.4
3.5
13.3
100.1
13.2
8.0
18.1
39.4
-7.9
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
SIERRA LEONE
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
-0.8
12.1 a
6.1
13.1 a
2,099.0 2,950.0 a
..
..
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
..
..
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
12.5
6.8
..
4.1
..
..
..
1.6
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
13
149
-195
-126
Private Sector Development
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-112
-17.7
-74
-6.9
Reserves including gold
49
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
150 a
350 a
171 a
136 a
64 a
26 a
58 a
External Debt and Resource Flows
1,723
27
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
..
..
193.8
67.1
160.8
10.9
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
39
0
26
0
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
1,228
47
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United Kingdom
United States
Italy
182
29.7
360
34.6
68
8
2
61
30
25
Movement of people
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
38
39.8
..
40
38.5 a
2.1
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.13
0.12
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.9
..
1.1
..
8.0
..
1.9
..
..
31.1
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
-110
47
402.8
6.5
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Environment
7
..
438
119 a
41.8
65.4
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
25
2
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
500
LDCs
merchandise imports
250
5
Sierra
Leone
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
SOLOMON ISLANDS
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Solomon Islands
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
0.4
2.8
16
0.5
2.5
17
751.8
2.3
28
0.3
680
1,860
-14.3
-16.6
0.3
590
1,880
4.4
1.8
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
62
36
21
..
..
89
82
63
34
..
..
..
121
117
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Solomon Islands
Surface area= 29 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
72
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
15
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
83
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
31
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
63
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
70
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
85
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
134
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
..
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
..
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
15
Aid per capita (US$)
144
2004
..
..
..
..
30
Solomon Islands
100
80
LDCs
60
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
91
..
56
72
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
130
..
250
..
59
150
200
LDCs
100
70
31
17
262
Solomon Islands
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
1990
2000
2005
0.2
116
0.3
211
0.4
299
0.5
286
3.3
6.6
2.8
2.4
2.6
1.3
..
..
..
..
70.2
23.1
36.4
70.3
100.0
16.8
..
..
..
..
69.5
27.5
29.0
46.8
72.8
19.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.3
41.9
44.1
..
..
..
..
..
2.2
5.4
2.2
8.8
2.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
..
..
..
..
..
..
21.7
39.6
59.0
..
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
SOLOMON ISLANDS
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
40
30
40
30
Central Government Finance
7.1
10.7
5.1
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
7.1
6.6 a
7.5 a
..
..
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
69
92
23
113 a
130 a
..
Private Sector Development
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
21
6.5
..
..
Reserves including gold
32
95 a
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
53 a
32 a
35 a
86 a
External Debt and Resource Flows
176
17
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
..
..
51.9
4.8
68.2
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
1
0
-5
0
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
155
9
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
68
22.9
122
47.1
13
5
2
102
12
3
Australia
New Zealand
Japan
Movement of people
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
4
84.7
..
4
77.6 a
0.3
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.39
0.39
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.5
38.2
4.8
..
..
42.9
6.4
..
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
0
4
0.0
0.2
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Environment
0
3a
0.1
..
2
6
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
2
6
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
250
200
LDCs
150
merchandise imports
Solomon
Islands
5
100
50
0
merchandise exports
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
SOMALIA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Somalia
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
7.0
2.9
33
8.2
3.3
36
751.8
2.3
28
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
45
133
26
..
..
..
..
47
133
..
..
..
..
..
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Somalia
Surface area = 638 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
..
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
..
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
..
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
22
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
225
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
30
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
341
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
..
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
..
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
2
Aid per capita (US$)
74
2004
100
80
..
..
..
LDCs
60
no data available
for Somalia
40
20
..
..
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
..
..
225
40
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
1,100
25
250
0.9
411
150
Somalia
200
LDCs
100
29
25
50
0
88
24
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
1990
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
6.5
604
6.7
917
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
68.4
8.0
4.7
23.6
97.3
15.6
42.4
33.2
88.5
-5.8
65.5
..
4.6
..
..
..
15.5
9.8
37.7
17.0
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
7.0
..
8.2
..
0.3
2.1
0.5
..
3.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.3
1.0
-1.7
0.9
0.8
7.0
-2.6
-12.2
-6.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
SOMALIA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
..
..
..
..
..
..
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
..
..
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
..
..
..
..
..
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
..
..
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
..
..
..
..
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2,561
0
2,849
0
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
0
0
9
0
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
Norway
United States
Netherlands
104
..
191
..
20
10
6
34
32
19
Movement of people
-214
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
22
Migration stock (thousands)
475.7
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
0.6
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
..
Received
..
Paid
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
70
12.0
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.00
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.8
..
2.1
..
..
6.3
25.1
..
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
70
11.4 a
0.8
Technology and Infrastructure
170
282 a
389.3
0.4
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
..
..
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
25
Somalia
20
Somalia - No data available
10
LDCs
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
SUDAN
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Sudan
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
32.9
2.1
36
36.2
2.0
41
751.8
2.3
28
10.3
310
1,460
6.5
4.3
23.3
640
2,000
8.0
5.9
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
56
65
41
..
..
55
47
57
63
..
71
52
64
56
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Sudan
Surface area = 2,506 thousand sq.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
..
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
41
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
21
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
78
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
22
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
120
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
57
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
..
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
69
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
..
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
182
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
64
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
33
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
2
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
32
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
..
..
..
49
33
Sudan
100
80
LDCs
60
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
88
19
91
59
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
590
87
250
1.6
220
150
200
LDCs
100
69
34
58
25
Sudan
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
20.0
7,617
26.1
13,167
32.9
14.1
7.5
53.0
81.9
16.0
14.7
10.6
23.1
7.0
32.8
16.3
8.8
50.9
77.8
12.8
15.1
5.5
11.1
12.2
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
32.9
12,366
36.2
27,699
2.7
2.3
2.3
5.4
1.9
6.1
33.7
29.7
6.6
36.6
64.5
17.3
22.4
20.7
24.8
22.0
1.8
1.6
4.8
4.5
2.3
-0.5
-1.8
-6.3
-7.2
..
9.2
5.8
4.4
2.7
4.9
0.2
11.3
14.2
8.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.5
9.1
4.4
71.9
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
41.8
21.3
8.1
36.9
76.5
7.6
18.3
15.3
17.7
8.4
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
SUDAN
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
8.0
6.4
7.6
2.6
..
..
..
2.2
-0.4
..
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
5.7
10.7
257.1
8.5
12.1 a
243.6 a
..
..
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
..
..
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Cash surplus/deficit
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
1,807
1,553
-180
5,150 a
6,100 a
-2,852 a
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-518
-4.2
-2,768 a
-10.0 a
Reserves including gold
247
2,450 a
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
151 a
68 a
38 a
..
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
16,394
239
19,332
312
132.6
9.7
89.5
6.0
392
0
1,511
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United States
United Kingdom
Norway
225
2.2
882
4.4
5
6
14
378
117
57
Movement of people
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
56
29.7
..
57
28.4 a
5.2
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.22
0.26
4.1
3.7
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
419
..
477
..
36.3
3.0
0.9
0.5
..
17.1
32.1
0.3
3.8
0.0
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
-207
854
494.4
414.9
641
4
-519
639 a
730.7
141.6
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
1,016
2
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
50
10,000
7,500
Sudan
merchandise imports
5,000
25
2,500
LDCs
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
TANZANIA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Tanzania
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
34.8
2.1
32
38.3
1.8
38
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
8.9
260
520
5.1
2.9
12.7
340
730
7.0
5.0
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
47
88
29
..
..
66
66
46
78
..
78
62
108
104
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Tanzania
Surface area = 945 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
1990
2004
48.5
38.6
..
57.8
35.7
7.3
46
5
54
..
100
Tanzania
80
LDCs
60
40
20
0
97
29
..
..
161
80
126
94
..
44
1,500
46
250
..
179
6.5
347
150
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
200
LDCs
Tanzania
100
38
47
73
46
3
45
32
46
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
18.9
..
26.2
4,259
34.8
9,079
38.3
12,111
3.3
..
2.8
2.9
2.0
6.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
46.0
17.7
9.3
36.4
80.9
17.8
26.1
12.6
37.5
7.7
44.5
17.8
7.5
37.6
76.8
13.6
18.9
17.1
26.3
9.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.2
3.1
2.7
2.7
2.2
3.4
-1.6
7.1
0.3
..
5.1
9.7
8.0
6.0
1.7
19.1
9.4
2.5
5.2
91.9
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
45.0
15.7
7.5
39.2
82.2
8.5
17.6
14.4
22.7
7.5
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
TANZANIA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
..
..
..
1.3
..
..
..
2.9
..
..
30
30
30
30
Central Government Finance
5.9
8.6 a
7.5
3.7 a
800.4 1,128.9 a
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
202
164
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
Cash surplus/deficit
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
663
1,524
-759
1,481 a
2,659 a
-1,017
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-499
-5.5
-437
-3.9
Reserves including gold
974
2,049 a
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
140 a
113 a
35 a
61 a
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
73.4
58.9
2.6
..
5.9
0.6
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
54
42.2
..
54
39.9 a
29.8
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.08
0.10
1.3
1.3
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
387
2.7
465
2.7
4.2
2.9
1.2
..
8.6
7.4
8.9
..
1.2
1.7
6,931
171
7,799
119
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
76.3
12.8
69.0
5.3
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
463
0
249
0
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United Kingdom
France
Netherlands
1,022
11.4
1,746
15.5
153
16
97
216
120
118
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
-206
893
0.3
680.9
8
20
-345
792 a
0.7
602.1
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
11
33
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
5,000
Tanzania
4,000
3,000
LDCs
merchandise imports
5
2,000
1,000
0
merchandise exports
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
TIMOR-LESTE
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Timor-Leste
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
0.8
0.5
7
1.0
5.4
8
751.8
2.3
28
0.4
480
..
13.7
13.1
0.7
750
..
1.8
-3.5
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
..
80
43
..
..
..
..
..
64
46
..
..
..
..
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Timor-Leste
Surface area = 15 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
..
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
..
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
..
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
19
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
172
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
..
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
556
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
..
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
..
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
..
Aid per capita (US$)
0
2004
..
..
..
..
34
100
80
LDCs
60
no data available
for Timor-Leste
40
20
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
..
..
80
55
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
660
18
250
..
556
150
200
LDCs
100
52
33
..
165
Timor-Leste
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
0.6
..
0.7
..
0.8
316
1.0
349
3.0
..
0.5
..
4.4
-0.7
31.7
14.9
3.7
53.7
61.5
51.3
32.0
..
..
6.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.3
-7.0
5.3
-1.5
-1.7
-2.4
-7.7
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
25.8
18.5
2.8
55.8
65.1
53.8
41.3
..
..
85.9
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
TIMOR-LESTE
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
..
3.0
1.0
..
..
..
1.4 a
1.0 a
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
..
..
..
..
..
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
..
..
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
142 a
141 a
92 a
71 a
External Debt and Resource Flows
..
..
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Environment
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
..
..
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
23
57.4
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
Australia
United States
Portugal
233
72.2
153
31.7
82
1
53
35
27
26
Movement of people
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
23
53.7 a
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
..
..
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Technology and Infrastructure
-200
5
122.2
..
..
..
80
6a
0.2
0.0
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
..
..
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
data not available for Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste - No data available
LDCs
5
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
TOGO
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Togo
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
5.4
3.3
33
6.1
2.6
36
751.8
2.3
28
1.5
270
1,410
-0.8
-4.0
2.2
350
1,550
2.8
0.2
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
55
80
25
..
..
117
91
55
78
..
69
38
110
92
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Togo
Surface area = 57 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
..
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
32.3
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
35
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
20
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
59
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
41
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
152
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
73
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
..
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
31
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
..
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
351
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
49
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
37
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
3
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
66
Aid per capita (US$)
2004
..
..
..
66
39
100
LDCs
80
Togo
60
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
73
..
140
70
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
570
61
250
3.2
355
150
200
LDCs
Togo
100
51
34
48
10
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
2.8
1,136
4.0
1,628
5.4
1,329
6.1
2,203
3.5
1.7
3.0
3.5
2.7
2.7
27.5
24.8
7.8
47.7
54.5
22.4
28.4
51.1
56.4
13.2
33.8
22.5
9.9
43.7
71.1
14.2
26.6
33.5
45.3
20.4
41.8
22.9
9.7
35.3
85.7
9.6
17.6
33.7
46.6
9.7
5.6
1.1
1.7
-0.3
4.7
-1.2
2.7
0.1
2.8
..
4.0
1.8
1.8
3.9
5.2
0.0
-0.1
1.2
1.1
..
2.8
8.1
7.5
-0.1
0.5
1.3
5.9
6.0
3.1
26.9
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
34.2
17.8
8.4
47.9
92.0
10.2
17.8
30.7
50.7
0.3
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
TOGO
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
1.9
-1.7
712.0
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
6.8 a
3.8 a
527.5 a
212
182
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.5
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
363
562
-179
755 a
1,050 a
-266
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-140
-10.5
-162
-9.2
Reserves including gold
152
195 a
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
149 a
148 a
53 a
212 a
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
1,432
30
1,812
21
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
107.8
6.3
87.9
2.0
42
6
60
3
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
Environment
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
France
Germany
Canada
70
5.4
61
3.0
29
9
0
27
10
6
Movement of people
67
7.1 a
7.9
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.33
0.30
3.7
3.1
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
386
..
445
..
31.6
18.6
18.6
..
..
28.6
36.9
..
0.6
0.0
Technology and Infrastructure
128
176
4.0
12.2
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
34
7
-4
183 a
10.8
11.3
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
148
28
Exports and imports
US$ millions
67
8.9
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
Net Aid Flows
Internet users
per 1,000 people
50
1,500
Togo
1000
merchandise imports
25
500
LDCs
merchandise exports
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
TUVALU
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Tuvalu
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
0.01
0.8
52
0.01
0.5
57
751.8
2.3
28
0.01
1,170
..
-12.8
-13.4
0.02
1,890
..
1.7
1.2
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
..
38
..
..
..
107
111
..
36
..
..
..
95
102
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Tuvalu
Surface area = 26 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Aid per capita (US$)
1990
2004
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
103
84
..
38
105
44
56
95
51
98
..
..
..
100
250
..
52
..
28
150
91
78
93
88
13
541
68
770
2000
2005
100
Tuvalu
80
LDCs
60
40
20
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
200
LDCs
100
Tuvalu
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
0.01
5
0.01
10
0.01
12
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
0.01
22
1.6
1.2
0.8
3.5
0.5
5.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
TUVALU
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
..
..
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
3.9
13.6
1.7
2.8
1.5
1.4
..
..
..
..
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
..
..
..
..
..
..
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
..
..
..
..
Reserves including gold
..
..
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
..
..
..
..
External Debt and Resource Flows
..
..
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
..
..
..
..
..
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
..
..
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
..
..
..
..
..
..
52.9
..
..
..
300.0
..
..
..
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
..
..
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
4
32.9
8
36.0
2
1
1
3
1
1
Australia
New Zealand
Japan
Movement of people
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
Technology and Infrastructure
..
0.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
300
Tuvalu - No data available
Tuvalu
200
100
LDCs
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Country GNI data are based on GDP.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
UGANDA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Uganda
2000
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2005
2005
24.3
3.1
12
28.8
3.5
12
751.8
2.3
28
6.4
260
1,220
5.6
2.4
7.9
280
1,500
5.6
1.9
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
45
85
23
..
..
131
124
49
80
..
77
58
118
117
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Uganda
Surface area = 241 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
..
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
11
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
82
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
36
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
160
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
52
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
38
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
161
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
44
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
43
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
2
Aid per capita (US$)
38
2004
..
37.7
5.9 a
57
16
Uganda
100
80
LDCs
60
40
20
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
98
..
138
91
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
880
39
250
6.7
402
150
200
LDCs
Uganda
100
56
41
44
42
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
12.6
1,245
17.8
4,304
24.3
5,926
28.8
8,712
3.4
2.9
3.1
7.1
3.4
5.4
72.0
4.5
4.3
23.5
88.9
11.2
6.2
19.4
26.0
-1.0
56.6
11.1
5.7
32.4
91.9
7.5
12.7
7.2
19.4
1.2
33.5
20.9
9.0
45.6
76.7
14.2
22.7
14.6
27.7
12.1
2.1
5.0
3.9
2.8
2.7
2.0
8.0
1.8
4.4
-10.1
3.7
12.2
14.1
8.2
7.2
7.1
8.9
14.7
10.0
5.5
4.1
7.2
5.1
7.1
3.8
4.8
8.2
8.7
8.0
24.9
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
37.3
20.3
9.8
42.4
77.1
13.7
20.0
11.2
23.0
9.9
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
UGANDA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
2.8
8.2 b
3.8
8.6 b
1,512.0 1,737.2 b
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
100
100
139
108
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
17.8
10.9
16.2
2.3
22.9
11.9
22.8
2.5
Cash surplus/deficit
-2.0
-3.8
30
30
30
30
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
460
1,536
-745
870 b
1,810 b
-1,323 b
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-359
-6.1
-267 b
-3.1 b
Reserves including gold
808
1,344 b
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
72 b
100 b
36 b
48 b
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
..
..
60.3
48.3
0.6
..
1.4
0.5
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
62
20.6
..
63
18.4 b
24.6
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.06
0.06
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.5
1.6
0.7
23.0
4.3
7.2
..
22.5
13.1
3,497
74
4,822
103
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
59.0
7.8
70.7
6.9
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
161
0
222
1
Environment
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United States
United Kingdom
Netherlands
819
14.2
1,159
17.3
58
217
43
208
108
71
Movement of people
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
-66
Migration stock (thousands)
529
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
32.4
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
236.6
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
238
Paid
353
US$ millions
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
-15
518 b
32.0
250.5
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
642
368
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
5,000
LDCs
4,000
3,000
merchandise imports
2,000
5
Uganda
1,000
0
2000
2001
2002
merchandise exports
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1999. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
VANUATU
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Vanuatu
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
0.2
2.0
22
0.2
1.9
24
751.8
2.3
28
0.2
1,240
3,000
2.7
0.7
0.3
1,600
3,170
6.8
4.8
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
68
38
..
..
..
114
111
69
32
..
..
..
120
116
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Vanuatu
Surface area = 12 thousand sq. km.
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
..
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
84
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
18
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
93
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
..
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
62
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
66
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
87
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
134
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
60
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
..
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
17
Aid per capita (US$)
333
2004
..
..
..
87
41
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
Vanuatu
100
80
LDCs
60
40
20
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
94
..
40
48
130
88
..
59
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
250
200
LDCs
150
100
60
50
83
182
Vanuatu
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
0.1
113
0.1
151
0.2
245
0.2
341
2.4
2.1
2.5
3.7
2.0
0.7
18.9
6.6
4.2
66.3
52.0
27.0
25.7
33.2
41.8
22.6
20.7
12.3
5.5
67.0
61.3
30.9
34.9
49.5
76.7
31.9
15.0
8.8
3.6
76.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.1
3.2
12.2
1.9
0.9
-1.9
6.1
-2.9
0.6
-1.5
2.2
0.6
0.4
4.7
3.4
4.1
4.2
3.7
-0.2
-18.9
-0.5
-3.8
-8.9
-2.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
15.6
9.3
4.4
75.1
66.7
26.1
20.0
43.6
56.5
8.3
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
VANUATU
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
22.4
18.3
21.3
..
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
-0.8
..
..
..
..
..
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
2.5
1.2
137.6
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
1.4
-1.6 a
109.3 a
..
..
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
26
89
10
40 a
140 a
-39 a
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
5
2.0
-45 a
-13.2 a
Reserves including gold
39
67 a
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
49 a
56 a
39 a
188 a
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
75
2
118
3
30.5
1.0
37.4
1.9
20
0
22
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
46
19.8
38
12.4
9
8
4
19
6
5
Australia
France
New Zealand
Movement of people
..
..
..
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
..
..
..
..
Environment
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
12
36.1
..
12
36.1 a
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.42
0.42
..
..
..
..
..
..
23.9
12.5
20.9
..
..
14.5
36.2
..
..
..
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
-6
1
..
..
-6
1a
..
..
35
73
11
18
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
50
250
Vanuatu
200
merchandise imports
150
25
100
merchandise exports
50
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
LDCs
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
20
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
YEMEN
LDC country table
Key Indicators
Yemen
LDCs
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
17.9
3.1
25
21.0
3.1
26
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
7.3
410
730
4.4
1.2
12.7
600
920
4.2
1.0
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
59
84
46
..
..
93
59
61
82
46
..
..
102
72
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
Yemen
Surface area = 528 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
3.6
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
..
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
..
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
..
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
9
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
142
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
69
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
16
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
139
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
69
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
21
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
10
Aid per capita (US$)
33
2004
100
10.2 a
41.8 a
7.4 a
80
62
48
20
LDCs
60
Yemen
40
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
63
6
111
76
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
570
27
250
..
89
150
200
LDCs
100
69
30
92
12
Yemen
50
0
1990
1995
2000
2004
Long-Term Economic Trends
1980
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1990
8.2
..
12.1
4,828
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24.2
26.8
9.3
49.0
73.8
17.5
14.6
14.3
20.1
27.9
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
17.9
9,438
21.0
14,452
3.9
..
3.9
6.0
3.1
5.9
12.9
35.4
4.6
51.8
79.8
12.9
17.2
22.4
32.3
7.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.6
7.5
3.7
5.4
2.9
1.3
10.9
16.5
8.0
19.4
5.2
2.8
3.0
3.8
9.5
4.9
8.0
-3.9
3.3
-8.7
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
14.0
47.2
5.2
38.8
62.5
12.7
17.3
42.5
34.9
32.7
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
YEMEN
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
Central Government Finance
4.6
25.7
161.7
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
10.8
11.4 b
191.5 b
125
144
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
24.3
9.4
22.1
5.0
..
..
..
6.5
Cash surplus/deficit
-2.3
..
..
..
..
..
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
4,079
2,324
714
4,883 b
4,328 b
1,467 b
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
1,337
14.2
1,215 b
8.4 b
Reserves including gold
2,914
6,141 b
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
90 b
151 b
63 b
21 b
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5,075
243
5,488
223
53.8
4.5
42.5
3.5
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
6
0
144
0
Environment
34
1.0
..
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United States
Germany
Netherlands
265
3.0
252
2.1
57
32
34
43
36
30
Movement of people
34
1.0 b
..
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.51
0.68
2.9
3.0
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
272
..
289
..
11.5
2.0
0.8
..
..
14.8
8.9
..
0.9
13.0
Technology and Infrastructure
-50
247
2.1
60.5
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
1,288
61
-100
265 b
1.6
66.4
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
1,283
109
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
10
5,000
Yemen
merchandise exports
4,000
3,000
merchandise imports
LDCs
5
2,000
1,000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1998. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
ZAMBIA
LDC country table
Key Indicators
LDCs
Zambia
2000
2005
2005
Population, mid-year (millions)
Population growth (%)
Urban population (% of total population)
10.7
2.0
35
11.7
1.6
37
751.8
2.3
28
GNI (Atlas method, US$ billions)
GNI per capita (Atlas method, US$)
GNI per capita (PPP, international $)
GDP growth (%)
GDP per capita growth (%)
3.1
290
740
3.6
1.5
5.7
490
950
5.1
3.4
284
378
1,427
6.1
3.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) 2000 and 2004
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2000 and 2004
Child malnutrition (% of children under 5)
Adult literacy, male (% of ages 15 and older)
Adult literacy, female (% of ages 15 and older)
Gross primary enrollment, male (% of age group)
Gross primary enrollment, female (% of age group)
38
102
25
..
..
77
72
38
102
23
76
60
101
97
52
98
38
..
..
101
89
Millennium Development Goals (and selected targets to achieve between 1990 and
2015)
(estimate closest to date shown, +/- 3 years)
Zambia
Surface area = 753 thousand sq. km.
Ratio of girls to boys in
primary and secondary
school (%)
120
1990
Goal 1: halve the $1 a day poverty rate
Poverty ($1 a day headcount ratio, %, 1997)
64.6
Poverty (national poverty line headcount ratio, %, 1994 and 1997)
..
Equity (share of consumption to poorest quintile, %, 1997)
..
Goal 2: ensure that children are able to complete primary schooling
Primary completion rate (% of age group)
..
Secondary enrollment (gross, %)
21
Goal 3: eliminate gender disparity in education
Gender parity (girls to boys ratio in primary and secondary school, %)
..
Women in nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment)
29
Goal 4: reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds
Child mortality (under-5 mortality rate per 1,000)
180
Measles immunization (proportion of one-year olds immunized, %)
90
Goal 5: reduce maternal mortality by three-fourths
Maternal mortality (modeled estimates, per 100,000 live births) 2000
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
51
Goal 6: halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other major diseases
HIV/AIDS (HIV prevalence among population ages 15-49, %)
..
Tuberculosis (incidence per 100,000 people)
297
Goal 7: halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic needs
Access to an improved water source (% of population)
50
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of population)
41
Goal 8: develop a global partnership for development
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
8
Aid per capita (US$)
57
2004
75.8
72.9 a
6.1
66
26
Zambia
100
80
LDCs
60
40
20
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
93
..
182
84
Under-five mortality rate
(per 1,000)
750
43
250
17.0
680
150
Zambia
200
LDCs
100
55
45
34
94
50
0
1990
1995
2000
Long-Term Economic Trends
Population, mid-year (millions)
GDP (US$ millions)
1980
1990
2000
2005
1980–90 1990–2000 2000–05
(average annual growth %)
6.1
3,884
8.4
3,288
10.7
3,238
11.7
7,257
3.2
1.0
2.4
0.5
1.7
4.7
15.1
42.1
18.3
42.8
55.2
25.5
23.3
41.4
45.4
7.3
20.6
51.3
36.1
28.1
64.4
19.0
17.3
35.9
36.6
6.9
18.6
25.2
11.6
56.3
69.5
13.4
25.8
16.4
25.2
8.3
3.6
1.0
4.1
-0.2
3.6
-3.4
-4.3
-3.3
-2.0
..
4.2
-4.2
0.8
2.5
1.1
-8.1
5.4
2.8
1.5
..
1.9
8.4
5.1
3.8
1.7
7.2
4.8
12.7
8.3
68.7
(% of GDP)
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
Services
Household final consumption expenditure
General gov’t final consumption expenditure
Gross capital formation
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Gross savings
22.3
25.3
11.4
52.4
82.2
9.5
18.7
21.1
31.4
2.9
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. .. indicates data are not available.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
2004
ZAMBIA
LDC country table
2000
2004
Prices
2000
2004
Central Government Finance
Consumer prices (annual % change)
Implicit GDP deflator (annual % change)
Exchange rate (annual average, local per US$)
26.0
18.3 b
30.0
18.9 b
3,110.8 4,463.5 b
100
100
Export price index ($, 2000 = 100)
Import price index ($, 2000 = 100)
177
179
(% of GDP)
Revenue
Tax revenue
Expense
Military expenditure
24.7
18.4
17.4
0.6
..
..
..
..
Cash surplus/deficit
-0.4
..
30
35
30
35
Balance of Payments and Trade
(US$ millions)
Total merchandise exports (fob)
Total merchandise imports (cif)
Net trade in goods and services
666
993
-447
Current account balance
as a % of GDP
-553
-17.1
Reserves including gold
245
1,720 b
2,750 b
..
..
..
560 b
Highest marginal tax rate (%)
Individual
Corporate
Private Sector Development
Economy ranking (from 1 to 155)
Ease of doing business
Starting a business
Time required to start a business (days)
Time required to register property (days)
67 b
44 b
35 b
70 b
External Debt and Resource Flows
(US$ millions)
Total debt outstanding and disbursed
Total debt service
5,723
185
7,279
424
Ranked as a major constraint to business
(% of managers surveyed who agreed)
Cost of financing
Electricity
Total debt (% of GDP)
Total debt service (% of exports)
176.7
20.2
134.2
..
Stock market capitalization (% of GDP)
Bank branches (per 100,000 people)
122
-1
334
0
Foreign direct investment (net inflows)
Portfolio equity (net inflows)
Net Aid Flows
(US$ millions)
Net ODA and official aid
Aid (% of GNI)
Top 3 donors (in 2004):
United Kingdom
France
United States
795
25.8
1,081
21.6
111
13
46
283
104
82
Movement of people
82.0
73.9
7.3
..
7.9
1.5
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Forest area (% of land area)
Nationally protected areas (% of land area)
47
60.1
..
47
57.1 b
31.9
CO2 emissions per capita (mt)
GDP per unit of energy use
(2000 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent)
0.17
0.18
1.3
1.4
Energy use per capita (kg of oil equivalent)
Share of electricity generated by coal (%)
583
0.2
592
0.2
22.0
6.5
1.9
0.0
..
9.8
20.1
..
0.6
0.8
Environment
Technology and Infrastructure
Net migration (thousands) 1995-2000 and 2000-05
Migration stock (thousands)
Refugees (by country of origin, thousands)
Refugees (by country of asylum,thousands)
Workers remittances and compensation of employees
(US $ millions)
Received
Paid
US$ millions
..
..
86
357
0.1
250.9
..
24
-65
275 b
0.1
173.9
Paved roads (% of total)
Personal computers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)
Expenditures for R&D (% of GDP)
High technology exports
(% of manufactured exports)
..
24
Exports and imports
Internet users
per 1,000 people
25
5,000
4,000
Zambia
20
3,000
merchandise imports
2,000
10
1,000
0
2000
2001
merchandise exports
2002 2003 2004 2005
LDCs
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Figures in italics are for years other than those specified. 2004 data are preliminary estimates.
a. Data are for 1998. b. Data are for 2005.
Measuring progress in least developed countries
NOTES
$1 a day headcount ratio is the percentage of the population
living on less than $1.08 a day at 1993 international prices.
As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates
cannot be compared with poverty rates reported previously
for individual countries. (World Bank)
Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of
deliveries attended by personnel trained to give the necessary
supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy,
labor, and the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on
their own; and to care for newborns. (UNICEF)
Access to an improved water source refers to the
percentage of the population with reasonable access to
an adequate amount of water from an improved source.
Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least
20 liters a person a day from a source within one kilometer of
the dwelling. (World Health Organization, UNICEF)
Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the
burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They
include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of
solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. (Carbon Dioxide
Information Analysis Center)
Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the
percentage of the population with at least adequate access
to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent
human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. (World
Health Organization, UNICEF)
Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings
plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion,
mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide
and particulate emissions damage. (World Bank)
Cash surplus or deficit is revenue (including grants) minus
expense, minus net acquisition of non-financial assets.
(International Monetary Fund)
Child malnutrition is the percentage of children under five
whose weight for age is more than two standard deviations
below the median reference standard for their age. Figures
are based on children under age three, four, and five years of
age, depending on the country. (World Health Organization)
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and
above who can, with understanding, read and write a short,
simple statement on their everyday life. (UNESCO)
Consumer price index reflects changes in the cost to
the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and
services, which may be fixed or changed at specified intervals.
The Laspeyres formula is generally used. (International
Monetary Fund)
Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is
arable, under temporary or permanent crops or under
permanent pastures. (Food and Agriculture Organization)
Corruption measures the share of senior managers who
ranked corruption as a major or very severe constraint.
(World Bank)
Agriculture is the net output of agriculture (International
Standard Industrial Classification divisions 1–5 including
forestry and fishing) after totaling outputs and subtracting
intermediate inputs. (World Bank, OECD)
Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods,
services, net income, and net current transfers. (International
Monetary Fund)
Aid is official development assistance and official aid
received from members of the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) Development
Assistance Committee and other official donors. Ratios are
computed using values in U.S. dollars converted at official
exchange rates. (OECD)
Aid per capita includes both official development assistance
(ODA) and official aid, and is calculated by dividing total aid
by the midyear population estimate. (OECD)
Bank branches are deposit money bank branches. (World
Bank)
Measuring progress in least developed countries
Debt outstanding and disbursed is the total outstanding
long-term debt at year end. (World Bank)
Debt service payments are the sum of principal repayments
and interest payments in the year specified. (World Bank)
Disbursements are drawings on loan commitments during
the year specified. (World Bank)
Ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to
155. The index is calculated as the ranking on the simple
average of country percentile rankings on each of the 10
topics covered in Doing Business in 2006. The ranking on
each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings
on its component indicators. (World Bank)
Energy use refers to use of primary energy before
transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to
indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus
exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in
international transport. (International Energy Agency)
Expenditures for research and development are current
and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative
work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge,
including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and
the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic
research, applied research, and experimental development.
(UNESCO)
Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the
government in providing goods and services. It includes
compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries),
interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other
expenses such as rent and dividends. (International
Monetary Fund)
Export price index is derived from UNCTAD’s value indexes
or from current values of merchandise exports. (UNCTAD)
Exports of goods and services represent the value of
all goods and other market services provided to the rest of
the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight,
insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other
services, such as communication, construction, financial,
information, business, personal, and government services.
They exclude labor and property income (formerly called
factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank,
OECD)
Fixed lines are telephone mainlines connecting a customer’s
equipment to the public switched telephone network. Mobile
phone subscribers refer to users of portable telephones
subscribing to an automatic public mobile telephone
service using cellular technology that provides access
to the public switched telephone network. (International
Telecommunication Union, World Bank)
Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment
to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more
of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy
other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital,
reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and shortterm capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series
shows net inflows in the reporting economy. (International
Monetary Fund, World Bank)
Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of
trees, whether productive or not. (Food and Agriculture
Organization)
GDP implicit deflator is the ratio of GDP in current local
currency to GDP in constant local currency. The base year
varies by country. (World Bank, OECD)
GDP is gross domestic product at purchaser prices. It is the
sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the
economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies
not included in the value of the products. It is calculated
without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated
assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources.
(World Bank, OECD)
GDP per unit of energy use is the ratio of PPP GDP to
kilograms of oil equivalent of energy use. PPP GDP is gross
domestic product converted to 2000 constant international
dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international
dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as a U.S.
dollar has in the United States. (International Energy Agency,
World Bank)
General government final consumption expenditure
includes all government current expenditures for purchases of
goods and services (including compensation of employees).
It also includes most expenditures on national defense and
security, but excludes government military expenditures
that are part of government capital formation. (World Bank,
OECD)
GNI (gross national income) is the sum of value added by all
resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies)
not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of
primary income (compensation of employees and property
income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency,
is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates
for comparisons across economies. To smooth fluctuations
in prices and exchange rates, the Atlas method is used by the
World Bank, which averages the exchange rate for a given
year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences
in rates of inflation between the country, and the Euro Zone,
Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (World
Bank)
GNI per capita is the gross national income divided by the
midyear population. GNI per capita based on purchasing
power parity (PPP) is converted to international dollars
using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar
has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar
Measuring progress in least developed countries
has in the United States. (World Bank)
Gross capital formation consists of outlays on additions to
the fixed assets of the economy plus net changes in the level
of inventories. (World Bank, OECD)
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment,
regardless of age, to the population of the age group that
officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary
education provides children with basic reading, writing, and
mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding
of such subjects as history, geography, natural science,
social science, art, and music. Secondary education
completes the provision of basic education that began at the
primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong
learning and human development, by offering more subjector skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
(UNESCO)
Gross savings are calculated as gross national income less
total consumption, plus net transfers. (World Bank, OECD)
Growth rates are based on constant local currency. Period
growth rates use the least squares method.
Highest marginal tax rate (corporate rate) is the highest
rate shown on the schedule of tax rates applied to the taxable
income of corporations. Individual rate is the highest rate
shown on the schedule of tax rates applied to the taxable
income of individuals. (PricewaterhouseCoopers)
High-technology exports are products with high R&D
intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals,
scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. (United
Nations)
HIV prevalence refers to the percentage of people ages
15-49 who are infected with HIV. (UNAIDS, World Health
Organization)
Household final consumption expenditure is the market
value of all goods and services, including durable products
purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings
but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings.
Household consumption expenditure also includes the
expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households,
even when reported separately by the country. This item also
includes any statistical discrepancy in the use of resources
relative to the supply of resources. (World Bank, OECD)
Import price index is derived from UNCTAD’s value indexes
or from current values of merchandise imports. (UNCTAD)
Measuring progress in least developed countries
Imports of goods and services represent the value of all
goods and other market services received from the rest of
the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight,
insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other
services, such as communication, construction, financial,
information, business, personal, and government services.
They exclude labor and property income (formerly called
factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank,
OECD)
Industry is the net output of industry (International Standard
Individual Classification divisions 10–45, which includes
mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and
gas) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate
inputs. (World Bank, OECD)
Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before
reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.
(Harmonized estimate of the World Health Organization,
UNICEF, and the World Bank)
Interest payments are actual amounts of interest paid in
foreign currency, goods, or services in the year specified.
(World Bank)
Internet users are people with access to the worldwide
network. (International Telecommunication Union)
Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a
newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at
the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
(World Bank)
Manufacturing refers to the net output of industries
belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37 after totaling outputs and
subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank, OECD)
Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die
during pregnancy and childbirth, per 100,000 live births. The
data are estimated with a regression model using information
on fertility, birth attendants, and HIV prevalence. (World
Health Organization, UNICEF, and UNFPA)
Measles immunization measures the percentage of
children ages 12-23 months who received a vaccination
before 12 months or at any time before the survey. (World
Health Organization)
Merchandise exports show the f.o.b. value of goods
provided to the rest of the world valued in U.S. dollars.
(World Trade Organization)
Merchandise imports show the c.i.f. value of goods
received from the rest of the world valued in U.S. dollars.
(World Trade Organization)
Military expenditures include all current and capital
expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping
forces; defense ministries and other government agencies
engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are
judged to be trained and equipped for military operations;
and military space activities. (Stockholm International Peace
Research Institute)
National poverty line headcount ratio is the percentage of
the population living below the national poverty line. National
estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup
estimates from household surveys. (World Bank)
Net trade in goods and services is derived by offsetting
imports of goods and services against exports of goods
and services. Exports and imports of goods and services
comprise all transactions involving a change of ownership
of goods and services between residents of one country and
the rest of the world. (International Monetary Fund)
Paved roads are those surfaced with crushed stone
(macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents,
with concrete, or with cobblestones, as a percentage of all
the country’s roads, measured in length. (International Road
Federation)
Personal computers are self-contained computers
designed to be used by a single individual. (International
Telecommunication Union)
Policy uncertainty measures the share of senior managers
who ranked economic and regulatory policy uncertainty as a
major or very severe constraint. (World Bank)
Population is based on the de facto definition of population,
which counts all residents regardless of legal status or
citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in
the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of
the population of their country of origin. (World Bank)
Portfolio investment flows are net and include non-debtcreating portfolio equity flows (the sum of country funds,
depository receipts, and direct purchases of shares by foreign
investors). (International Monetary Fund, World Bank)
Primary completion rate is the percentage of students
completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated
by taking the total number of students in the last grade of
primary school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade,
divided by the total number of children of official graduation
age. (UNESCO)
Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal
(amortization) paid in foreign currency, goods, or services in
the year specified. (World Bank)
Protected areas are totally or partially protected areas of
at least 1,000 hectares that are designated as scientific
reserves with limited public access, national parks, natural
monuments, nature reserves or wildlife sanctuaries, and
protected landscapes. Marine areas, unclassified areas,
and intertidal areas are not included. The data also do not
include sites protected under local or provincial law. (World
Conservation Monitoring Centre)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education
is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and
secondary levels in public and private schools. (UNESCO)
Reserves comprise holdings of monetary gold, special
drawing rights, reserves of IMF members held by the IMF, and
holdings of foreign exchange under the control of monetary
authorities. The gold component of these reserves is valued
at year-end (December 31) London prices. (International
Monetary Fund)
Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social
contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees,
rent, and income from property or sales and grants.
Services is the net output of services (International Standard
Industrial Classification divisions 50–99) after totaling
outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. This sector is
derived as a residual and may not properly reflect the sum
of services outputs, including banking and financial services.
(World Bank, OECD)
Share of consumption to poorest quintile is the percentage
share of income or consumption that accrues to lowest 20%
of the population. (World Bank)
Share of electricity generated by coal refers to the
percentage of electrical power generated from coal inputs.
(International Energy Agency)
Stock market capitalization (also known as market value)
is the share price times the number of shares outstanding.
Listed domestic companies are the domestically incorporated
Measuring progress in least developed countries
companies listed on the country’s stock exchanges at the end
of the year. Listed companies does not include investment
companies, mutual funds, or other collective investment
vehicles. (Standard & Poor’s)
Tax revenue refers to compulsory transfers to the central
government for public purposes. Certain compulsory
transfers such as fines, penalties, and most social security
contributions are excluded. Refunds and corrections of
erroneously collected tax revenue are treated as negative
revenue. (International Monetary Fund)
Time required to start a business is the number of calendar
days needed to complete the procedures to legally operate
a business. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional
cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen.
(World Bank)
Total debt service is the sum of principal repayments
and interest actually paid in foreign currency, goods, or
services on long-term debt, interest paid on short-term debt,
and repayments (repurchases and charges) to the IMF.
The exports denominator in the debt ratio includes goods,
services, income and workers’ remittances. (World Bank)
Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable
in foreign currency, goods, or services. Total external debt
is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private
nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and
short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an
original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on
long-term debt. (World Bank)
Tuberculosis incidence is the estimated number of new
pulmonary, smear positive, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
cases. (World Health Organization)
Under-5 mortality rate is the probability that a newborn
baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current
age-specific mortality rates. The probability is expressed as
a rate per 1,000. (Harmonized estimate of the World Health
Organization, UNICEF, and the World Bank)
Urban population is the midyear population of areas defined
as urban in each country and reported to the United Nations.
(United Nations)
Measuring progress in least developed countries
Women employed in the nonagricultural sector is
the share of female workers in the nonagricultural sector
(industry and services), expressed as a percentage of total
employment in the nonagricultural sector. (International
Labour Organization)
Workers’ remittances and compensation of employees
comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages
and salaries earned by nonresident workers. (World Bank)