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Plate Boundaries The Earth’s continents and oceans all plates called rest on large, moving _______ tectonic plates. There are ________ ________ dozens of these plates. Each plate touches several other plates. The point at which one tectonic plate touches another is called a plate __________. boundary When two plates move toward each other and collide, it is called a convergent ____________ boundary. We will look at three different types of convergent boundaries: Oceanic to continental convergent boundaries Oceanic to oceanic convergent boundaries Continental to continental convergent boundaries ________________________ Oceanic to continental convergence is when a collides with a relatively dense oceanic plate ________ light, thick continental plate. The denser oceanic pushed underneath the continental plate. plate is ________ subduction The continental plate is This is called ____________. mountain range is created. lifted up and a ___________ Video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wt_jJUnTFhg Andes The _______ Mountains in South America are an example of this type of mountain range. Oceanic to oceanic convergence is when ___________________ two oceanic plates collide. One plate is usually ___________ subducted under the other. This will form a deep oceanic ________. trench Mariana Trench is a deep trench created as The _________ the result of the Philippine Plate subducting under the Pacific Plate. This is the _________ deepest part of the world’s oceans. This convergence can also result in the volcanoes Over formation of undersea ___________. many years the volcanoes can rise above island sea level and form an _______volcano. Many are strung out in chains called island arcs. Continental to continental convergence is __________________________ when two continents meet head-on. The crust tends to _______ buckle and be pushed upward to form mountain ranges. The collision of the Indian and Eurasian Himalaya plates are responsible for the __________ Mountains, the world’s highest mountains. Eurasian Plate Indian Plate Convergent boundaries occur downward flowing above ___________ convection currents. When two plates are moving away from each other it is called a divergent boundary. ___________ oceanic divergent plate First, there are _________ boundaries. When this boundary is located in the ocean, it results in the formation of magma that crust from ________ new oceanic ______ comes from within the Earth's mantle along a mid-ocean ridge. WATCH THE FOLLOWING ANIMATION (scroll down) http://www.kidsgeo.com/geology-for-kids/0045-divergentboundaries.php The process in which new oceanic lithosphere is formed at a midocean ridge is referred to as __________________. seafloor spreading Animation created by the US Geological Society. Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of an The ___________________ oceanic divergent boundary. It is located Atlantic Ocean. It is an along the floor of the ________ immensely long mountain chain that extends for about 10,000 miles (16,000 km). Most of under water. the range is ______ Next, there are continental ___________ divergent plate boundaries. Here a continental plate is being pulled ______ apart. The result is a rift valley A rift valley is a lowland __________. between highlands or a mountain range. The East African _______ Rift Valley is an example of this type of plate boundary. Here the African Plate is in the process of splitting into two new tectonic plates. The surface of the Earth ________ widens over time water from streams and often fills with ______ and rivers creating lakes or seas. Another example can be found in Iceland. Mid-Atlantic Iceland is splitting along the _____________ Ridge. Over time, Iceland may break into two separate land masses as water fills the rift being formed. Aerial view of Iceland. Can you identify the boundary? Divergent boundaries occur above ________ upward flowing convection currents. This diagram illustrates the progression of a continental divergent boundary over a long period of time. transform boundary is found where two plates A __________ are sliding past each other horizontally. The plates slip, then stick as the friction and pressure builds. When the pressure is released, the plates suddenly earthquake jerk apart and cause an ____________. San Andreas Fault in California is an The ___________________ example of a transform boundary where the North American and Pacific plates are moving horizontally past each other. SAN ANDREAS FAULT, CA PLATE BOUNDARIES REVIEW • Divergent Boundary – moving _______ apart • Convergent Boundary – moving together ___________ • Transform Fault Boundary – moving sideways past each other _____________________________. RESOURCES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Continents.shtml http://geography.howstuffworks.com/south-america/the-andes.htm http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2012/03/james-cameron-avatar-directorexplores-mariana-trench-deepest-spot-of-the-planet.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Trench http://gozips.uakron.edu/~jre10/dreamweaver/physical.html http://www.cliffshade.com/colorado/images/himalaya.gif http://gomyclass.com/geology10/files/lecshare1/html/images/objects/obj50-1.jpg http://www.windows2universe.org/teacher_resources/magnetism/mid_atlantic_ridge_1 0_inch.jpg http://www.btinternet.com/~mr.larsen/images/MidOceanSpread.jpg http://images.angelpub.com/2010/35/5721/africa-rift.png http://www.platetectonics.com/book/page_5.asp http://www.geology.iupui.edu/research/klicht/Iceland/Geologic%20Features/Images/R ift%20Valley/P1080005.JPG http://thegeosphere.pbworks.com/w/page/22058912/Types%20of%20Plate%20Boundari es http://geography-site.co.uk/pages/physical/earth/tect.html http://www.cms.fu-berlin.de/geo/fb/elearning/geolearning/en/mountain_building/plate_tectonics/plate2/ http://openhighschoolcourses.org/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=6645