Download Troubles at Home and Abroad

Troubles at Home
and Abroad
Chapter 8 Section 1
Essential questions
• What were the conflicts with American Indians in the
Northwest Territory?
• What was the French Revolution?
• How did Americans and Washington react to the French
Revolution?
Overview of Chapter 8
• 1. Conflict with American Indians in NW Territory
• 2. French Revolution
• 3. Conflict with the British / Impressment
• Today’s Focus: Conflict with American Indians in NW Territory
What is foreign policy?
• A policy pursued by a nation in its dealings with other
nations, designed to achieve national objectives.
• What was going on at the time?
• Expansion into American Indian occupied Northwest Territory
• FRENCH REVOLUTION
Conflict in the Northwest Territory
• Context: Settlers were
moving into the Northwest
Territory that had been won
from the British as of 1783.
• The British had promised to
leave, but a decade later,
they were still there and
supplying American Indians
with firearms to harass
settlers
Conflict in the Northwest Territory
• Americans viewed the settling of this
territory as a necessary step in
building America’s long term power
• The Government had purchased a lot
of land in this area (Kentucky and
Tennessee) from Native Americans in
the past, but the N.A. in the Northwest
Territory refused to sell.
Conflict in the Northwest Territory
• 1790s- Washington sent a
military force to attack the
American Indians who
were attacking settlers
• Native Americans won the
first two attempts at
removal (Little Turtle of
Miami and Blue Jacket of
Shawnee)
• Third try: Washington sent
Anthony Wayne, a
Revolutionary War hero.
Conflict in the Northwest Territory
• Anthony Wayne led the third attack against the Native Americans
• Won the Battle of Fallen Timbers in August of 1794
• This was the battle that broke the Native American hold on the
Northwest
• Treaty of Grenville 1795
• Native Americans lost their territory that is now most of the state of
Ohio
What was the French Revolution?
• The French Revolution was the popular overthrow of the French King
Louis XVI.
• Define the following phrases in groups: each group takes a color.
From the social point of view, the Revolution consisted in
the suppression of what was called the feudal system, in
the emancipation of the individual, in greater division of
landed property, the abolition of the privileges of noble
birth, the establishment of equality, the simplification of
life... The French Revolution differed from other
revolutions in being not merely national, for it aimed at
benefiting all humanity."
What was Washington’s Policy
regarding the French Revolution
• Video
• Like most Federalists (Hamilton, Adams, etc), Washington
wanted to stay free of foreign alliances especially regarding
France.
• He did not want to anger Britain by siding with France.
• The French argued that their alliance was still valid.
Washington disagreed, saying the alliance was made with the
former King and therefore nullified when they killed him.
France declares war on Britain and
several other European states,
1793
• Included Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Portugal,
Dutch Republic
• France declared war on these European powers
in an effort to UNITE THE FRENCH POPULATION
• Many French opposed the Revolution and
new government.
• The new government thought a foreign war
would unite the nation
How does America respond?
• France wants the US to join the French side, but
US, under Washington wants to remain neutral
• US wants to continue trading with both French
and British
• British and French both feared the US
trading with their enemy
• Both sides began seizing American ships
• British begin Impressment: seizing the
sailors and forcing them to serve in the
British Navy
•
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN VIEW OF
FRENCH REVOLUTION
• Republicans like Jefferson thought that the American
Revolution and the French Revolution were one and the same
cause.
• They thought liberty was a global cause, not exclusive to one
nation’s independence.
• Again, we see Republicans side with the idea of liberty as it is
represented within the revolutionary French state in contrast
to the order that Great Britain represents.
• Video
FEDERALIST VIEW OF FRENCH
REVOLUTION
• Tied to Federalist preference of Great Britain as a governing
role model
• Federalists favored an alliance with Great Britain as the nation
that was most likely to promote commerce and investment in the
United States
• Federalists also believed that the government of Great Britain
stood as a strong model of constitutional order, as opposed to
what they saw as the radicalism of the French Revolution.
• Again, we see Federalists side with the idea of ORDER as it is
represented within the state of Great Britain, as opposed to the
unpredictability of France.
Seizing of American Ships
• British and French both seized American ships in an effort to stop
the trading
• British began a policy of impressment
• Impressment- seizing the sailors and forcing them to serve in the British
Navy
• Hamilton urged peace with Britain
• British purchased 75% of American exports, 90% American imports
• John Jay was sent to make a treaty with Britain to protect relations
The Jay Treaty
• The Jay Treaty with Britain 1795
• US agreed to pay debts long owed to Britain
• Britain agreed to pay for the ships they seized
• Agreed to withdraw troops from Northwest Territory
and stop aiding Native Americans
• Britain refused to:
• Stop impressing sailors
• Recognize US right to trade with France
Washington and his legacy of foreign
policy
• Isolationism- a policy of remaining apart
from the affairs or interests of other
groups, esp. the political affairs of other
countries.
• “Europe has a set of primary interests
which to us have none or a very remote
relation… why… entangle our peace and
prosperity in the toils of European
ambition? It is our true policy to steer
clear of permanent alliances with any
portion of the foreign world.”
• - George Washington, Farewell Speech
1796
Washington’s achievements and
legacy
• 1. Washington created a strong federal government with
credibility and authority
• 2. The economy was improving due to Hamilton’s plan
• 3. Washington avoided foreign conflicts and wars
• AVOID ENTANGLING ALLIANCES
• ENTANGLING: cause to become twisted together with or caught in.
• How might alliances or conflicts be entangling?
• 4. The British had been forced to leave their forts in the
Northwest Territory, an area that was now safe for settlement.