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By: Jose L. Barba Upper Arm Muscles and their Function Deltoid-allows abduction flexion and extension of the arm. Tricep brachiiallows extension of the forearm and the shoulder. Bicep brachii- allows the arm to bend around the axis of the elbow joint. Brachialis-Flexes the elbow joint. Upper Back Muscles and their Function Trapezius-elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula. Teres majormedially rotates and adducts humurous Rhomboid major- holds and retracts scapula on ribcage. Latismus dorsiadducts, extends and internally rotates arm. Thorax Muscles and Functions Pectoralis majoradducts and medially rotates the humurous Pectoralis minorstabilizes the scapula Function of Skeletal Muscle Movement-attached to bones. Heat productionReaction during muscle contraction produce heat. Posture-continous partial contraction of skeletal muscle. Posture allows standing, sitting, maintaining balance while walking. Compare and Contrast Functions Upper arm Upper back Chest Supports lower arm Supports shoulders and lower back Supports arm movement and rotation • Allows movement to lower arm • Has more movement and rotation compared to upper back or chest • Stabilizes upper body • Upper back allows the movement of the arm and chest by maintaining balance in the upper body • Allows good posture • Stabilizes scapula • Assists movement in the arms Smooth Muscle Smooth muscle lines the inside and transport nutrients/waste. Also lines all “tubes” of the body Contracts longitudinally and in circular motion. Ex: digestive tract, arteries and veins, reproductive and urinary parts. Cardiac Muscle Found in the heart More dense muscle fibers than other muscle groups Cardiac muscle cells contract to provide cells with blood Blood has nutrients for cells to be healthy Fxn of Cardiac Muscle Microscopic Skeletal Muscle Structure What does the Cross Bridge Cycle do? The Cross Bridge Cycle is the process that the human body does in order to contract the muscles. There are twelve steps that take place in your muscles. These steps are to be done every time a person flexes/contracts their muscles. The Cross Bridge Cyle Steps for the Cross Bridge Cycle 1. Neuron action potential arrives at end of motor neuron. 2. Acetylcholine (Ach) is released. 3. Ach binds to receptors on motor end plates. 4. Sodium ions (Na + Red) rush into muscle fibers. 5. Muscle action potential sweeps into T tubules. 6. Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium (Ca +) 7. Ca + binds to tropomyosin to shift and expose myosin binding site 9.Myosin pivots, pulling actin 10. Myosin Pivots, pulling actin filaments 11. Myosin releases from actin due to calcium reduction 12. Myosin re-extends into “ready” position