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THE LITTORAL ZONE ALGAE AND ZOOPLANKTON Attached algal habitats in a generalized river ecosystem Algae and bacteria on a sand grain Diagram of an epiphyte biofilm and nutrient flow within the community SEM micrographs of periphyton biofilms on Chara Model of a periphyton community showing relationships between algae and bacteria Intact biofilm showing clusters of algae and bacteria Model of interactions between phytoplankton/ bacterioplankton and epiphytic algae & bacteria Comparison between periphyton habitats relative to surface areas for attachment Variations in particle size around an obstacle in a stream As periphyton communities develop, nutrient demand increases but diffusion rates from the water decreases Seasonal variation in epipelic diatoms and cyanobacteria in two English lakes Seasonal carbon content of epiphytes on Scirpus subterminalis in Lawrence Lake Generalized relationship between submerged macrophytes and periphyton Interactions between the littoral zone and open water in lakes Spatial variations in periphyton Primary production of periphyton and phytoplankton Epipelic algal production in Marion Lake, BC Periphyton production on emergent and submerged epiphytes Model of macrophyte, periphyton, and phytoplankton production in a lake Number of littoral-dominated versus pelagic-dominated lakes on earth Chydorids in beds of Scirpus subterminalis Wetzel’s Summary RIVERS RESERVOIRS LAKES WETLANDS Periphyton diversity Low (channel) Moderate (wetlands) Low Low in epilithic algae High in epiphytic algae Very high Periphyton biomass and production Low inchannel Moderate to high in wetlands and backwaters Low High to very high Very high Herbivory pressures on periphyton Moderate to high Low Low to moderate Low Littoral zooplankton Low Very low High Relatively low