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Erosion and Wind Erosion Plate tectonics are not the only forces transforming the Earth’s landscape. Another such force is ________________________________________________ Erosion is the ____________________________ of rocks and soil by water, wind and certain human activities. Erosion results in the ________________. There are three stages of erosion Weathering –Fragmenting (breaking down) of the _________________________. Transportation – Rock fragments are carried by______________________ and __________________________ Erosion is compounded by the abrasive power of fragments transported by the _______________________________. Sedimentation – The fragments suspended in the water, or transported by glaciers or wind, _____________________________ and are _________________ at the bottom of the oceans. They also accumulate in _________________ and _______________________. Plants can help slow down the process: their roots _______________________ the soil in place. This can also prevent _________________________. In addition – there are three categories of erosion: Biological – caused by ___________________________________________. Ex – decomposition of living things can create an ___________________ which ___________________ rocks. Ex – Tree roots ___________________ rocks and ultimately _________________________________________________ . Mechanical – caused by variations in __________________, pressure, ___________________, and water Ex Niagara Falls which recedes _________ every year because the water wears down the rock. Chemical Erosion – Rain can become acidic because of __________________ and it chemically changes certain _____________________ in the soil such as _____________________. This process gradually destroys rocks. Ex – Acid rain can alter the surface of __________________________________________. Wind Prevailing winds are not ________________________ evenly over the Earth’s surface. Two factors explain their particular distribution: ______________________ cells and _______________________ Effect. 1. Convection cells – when air warms up, it increases in __________________ and _______________________. This creates a ________________________ area on the ground below it. Colder air thus rushes in to ____________________ the air that has risen. The warm air ____________________ and is _______________, bringing it down to the surface again. The _________ air mass and the __________ air mass are constantly __________________________. The looping movements are called ________________________. See page 338 for diagram. On a smaller scale, convection is used as a means to ____________________________________. 2. Coriolis Effect – as the Earth rotates from _______________ to _____________, it diverts air masses in the atmosphere to the right (___________________________) or to the left (___________________________________). This is called the _______________ Effect. This movement produces the _____________________________ (equator and tropics), prevailing _______________________________ (middle latitudes), and ___________ ______________ (polar regions).