Download Notable leaders from Texas

Texas History
Fort Burrows, B&B Ranch
Chapter
12
The CIVIL WAR and TEXAS
Section Two
The Government of the United States said the
Southern states could not secede from the
Union. Southerners said they had the right to
do so. Both sides raised Armies, Thousands
of men from Texas volunteered to join the
Confederate Army.
The North had many advantages. It had four
times more men of fighting age. It had four
times more factories to make clothing and
supplies for soldiers.
In April 1861, war broke out between the two
sides. The coast of Texas was an important
area to both the North and the South. The
North tried to blockade the coast, stopping
ships from carrying on trade. The South tried
to keep the coast open. Texans wanted to be
able to sell their cotton so they could buy
supplies for the Army. Some of the cotton
was shipped out of Mexico. Trade in cotton
continued throughout the war.
Texans served in many areas during the war.
Some fought with the Confederate Army in
Virginia. Many fought in Texas and
Louisiana. They tried to stop the Union Army
from taking these areas.
Spring 1861
Confederates capture all
property of the United States
Gov’t in Texas.
February 1862
General Henry Sibley and
Texas soldiers capture
Albuquerque
& Santa Fe.
Spring 1862
Sibley’s army runs out of
supplies and begins retreating
many die in the march back
to Texas.
October 1862
Union troops capture
Galveston.
January 1863
Confederate troops retake
Galveston.
July 1863
Daddy, Sam Houston dies.
September 1863
Confederate troops
defeated a Union
attempt to capture
the Sabine River.
November 1863
Union forces capture
Brownsville, hurting
the cotton trade.
Spring 1864
Confederate forces
defeat an attempt to
capture Laredo,
keeping the cotton
trade open.
April 8, 1864
Confederates win
two battles to stop a
Union invasion of the
Red River area.
12.2 - The Civil War and Texas
READ pgs -284 - 288
Vocabulary:
arsenals – a storehouse for weapons
blockade – closes a port by positioning ships to keep people or supplies
from moving in or out
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Texas History
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The War Begins
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the United States government declared that it was illegal to secede
Southerners argued that they freely joined the Union, and they could freely leave it
the Confederate capital was Richmond, Virginia
Confederate States of America President – Jefferson Davis
the Confederate leader was General Robert E Lee
Confederate states took control of federal forts, navy yards, and arsenals
Confederates captured all federal property in Texas
Union troops were forced out of the state
on April 12, 1861, Confederate troops fired on Fort Sumter, South Carolina this
marked the beginning of the Civil War
Ω The South’s Disadvantage
∂ the South had 1 million men of fighting age
∂ the North had 4 million.
∂ the South had to import most of its war supplies
∂ the North could manufacture and transport all the supplies it needed
Ω Confederate Texans regiments
∂ 3 regiments formed Hood’s Texas Brigade
∂ the 8th Cavalry became the famous Terry’s Texas Rangers
Terry’s Texas Rangers
The Eighth Texas Cavalry, popularly known as Terry's Texas Rangers, was a group
of Texas volunteers for the Confederate States Army assembled by Benjamin
Franklin Terry in August 1861. Each man provided his own shotgun, Colt revolver,
Bowie knife, saddle, bridle, & blanket. The Army provided only a horse. The Terry
Rangers distinguished themselves at several battles of the American Civil War. In
four years the legendary, "Terry's Texas Rangers" fought 275 battles in seven states.
Only twice, in American Civil War, did a cavalry unit defeat an infantry army;
Terry's did it both times. The unit earned a reputation that ranked it among the most
effective mounted regiments in the western theater of operations.
Ω Texans in the Union Army
∂ 2nd Texas Cavalry was made of Tejanos & Mexicans Texans
∂ about 2000 Anglos & 47 African Americans joined the Union Army
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Texans Battle West of the Mississippi
∂ Texans intended to seize the Southwest and California to give them access to
gold and silver mines and ports on the Pacific Ocean
∂ they captured Albuquerque and Santa Fe
∂ the Union Army captured a supply train at Glorieta Pass, this caused them to
retreat back to Texas
∂ the Union controlled the Southwest for the rest of the war
The Confederacy needed the Texas Coast to send cotton to
Britain and France in return for supplies.
Ω The Battle of Galveston – (one of the Confederacy’s greatest successes)
 in 1862, Union warships set up a blockade off the Texas coast to stop trade
 Union troops occupied Galveston
 in 1863, Texans converted two steamboats into warships and forced the Union
ships out of the Gulf and retook Galveston
Ω Battle of Sabine Pass
 in 1863 Union troops tried to attack the Texas Coast again at the Sabine Pass
 the Texans once again forced Union ships to retreat
 captured about 300 Union prisoners
Ω The Battle of Laredo
 after the Union blockade, Laredo was used to ship out cotton thru Mexico to
England & France
 in the spring of 1864, the Union soldiers tried to burn the store house of cotton
 Colonel Santos Benavides led only 42 Tejano troops against the Union
 Tejanos won. The Union soldiers retreated
 Benavides was the highest ranking Tejano in the Confederate Army
 he served as a state legislature 3 terms
Ω Santa Fe’s Importance to both sides
 The gateway to California
o gold & silver
o ports to the Pacific Ocean
Ω The Red River Campaign
 1864, Union troops moved up the Red River toward East Texas towns Henderson, Marshall, Tyler, Natchitoches
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 April 8, ( Burrows’ birthday ) Confederate leader Richard Taylor defeats
Union leader Nathaniel Banks, causing him to eventually retreat down the Red
River
 Union was trying to destroy the Confederate Factories
 the largest fight West of the Mississippi was the Battle of Pleasant Hill. The
fight ended in a draw, but the Union continued to retreat down the Red River
Notable leaders from Texas
A number of notable leaders were associated with Texas during the Civil War. John
Bell Hood* gained fame as the commander of the Texas Brigade in the Army of
Northern Virginia and played a prominent role as an army commander late in the
war. "Sol" Ross was a significant leader in a number of Trans-Mississippi
Confederate armies. John Henninger Reagan* was an influential member of
Jefferson Davis's* cabinet.
The office of Governor of Texas was in flux throughout the war, with several men in
power at various times. Sam Houston* was governor when Texas seceded from the
United States, but refused to declare any loyalty to the new Confederacy. He was
replaced by Lieutenant Governor Edward Clark. Clark filled the rest of Houston's
term in 1861, and narrowly lost re-election by just 124 votes to Francis Lubbock.
During his tenure, Francis Lubbock supported Confederate conscription, working to
draft all able-bodied men, including resident aliens, and his own brother, Thomas
Saltus Lubbock* , - a Confederate Colonel and Texas Ranger, into the Confederate
Army. When Francis Lubbock's term ended in 1863, he joined the military. Ardent
secessionist Pendleton Murrah replaced him in office. Even after Robert E. Lee*
surrendered in 1865, Murrah encouraged Texans to continue the revolution, and he
and several supporters fled to Mexico.
CIVIL WAR BATTLES in or near TEXAS
New Mexico
Galveston
Sabine Pass
Brownsville
Laredo
Louisiana
Battle of Mansfield
Palmito Ranch
South tried to capture Santa Fe, but was defeated
North captured the city in 1862 but, the South rose up to regain
control the next year
South defeated an attempt to capture the Fort guarding the
pass
North captured the town in 1863
South defeated the North’s attempt to capture this city in 1864
South defeated the attempt to seize the Red River
April 8, Confederates (Taylor) defeats Yankees (Banks)
Last battle in Texas, (after the war was actually over)
South won
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Texas History
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How many Texas County names do you recognize from the Notable Leaders ?
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1.
2.
Why did the Union blockade Texas ports ?
A.
to keep soldiers from escaping by water
B.
to prevent weapons and supplies from being delivered
C.
to keep cotton from being shipped out of state
D.
to prevent Texan soldiers from leaving Texas
3.
What major advantage did the North have over the South at the beginning of
the Civil War ?
A.
more men of fighting age
B.
more patriotism
C.
more dedicated soldiers
D.
more assistance from other nations
4.
How did Texas contribute to the war effort ?
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5.
Which Civil War battles were fought in Texas ?
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