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A Bloody Conflict Section 6.3 Guiding Question: Why did the US Senate reject the treaty of versailles? The Big Idea ● The fate of nations is forever changed by monumental world events. ● The treaty stripped Germany of its armed forces ● and required the country to pay heavy reparations. ● The treaty also dissolved four empires-Russia, the Ottoman empire, the German Empire, and AustriaHungary and created nine new countries. Combat in World War 1 : ● New technologies made World War 1 the first modern war. ● April 1915 Germans started to use poison gas in the, Second battle of Ypres which caused vomiting, blindness, and suffocation. ● Spring 1917 World War 1 had devastated Europe. People and Terms to Identify ● Vladimir Lenin - November 1917 the leader of bolshevik party, overthrew the russian government and established a communist government. ● Treaty of Brest- Litovsk - Lenin’s first act after seizing power was to pull Russia out of the war and concentrate on establishing a communist state. He accomplished this by agreeing to the treaty of brest - Litovsk with Germany on March 3,1918. Under this treaty, Russia lost substantial territory, giving up Ukraine, it Polish and Baltic territories and Finland. However the treaty also removed the German army from the remains Russian lands. With the eastern front settled, Germany was now free to concentrate its forces in the west. ● Fourteen Points - Wilson had presented his plan, known as the Fourteen Points to Congress in January 1918 the 14 points were based on the principle of justice points the president proposed to eliminate the general causes of the war through free trade, disarmament freedom of the seas, impartial adjustment of colonial claims, and open diplomacy instead of secret agreements. The right of self - demonstration. Also required the central powers to evacuate all the countries invaded during the war including France, Belgium, and Russia. ● Treaty of Versailles - Signed by Germany on june 28, 1919 had weakened or discarded many of Wilson's proposals under the treaty Germany was stripped of its armed forces. it also had to pay reparations or war damages, to the allies in the amount of 33$ billion, a sum far beyond its financial means. Trench Warfare & New Technology ● The rapid fire machine gun and grenades would hold off the attacking forces ● In 1916 the British introduced the tank into battle ● WW1 was the first to use airplanes in combat. First it was to spy on enemy later on use to bomb them. The Americans and Victory: ● American soldiers entered the war, boosting morale and fighting courageously. Winning the War at Sea & Russia Leaves the War ● Admiral William S. Sims led the british navy ● British sent warships to find german submarines ● British merchants grouped up with troop transports, they were called convoys. ● Convoy system help reduce shipping losses. ● Russia was running out of food and fuel due to the war ● Russia had many riots ● Russian government was unable to help with food shortages. ● The Bolsheviks were a group of communist who competed for power in 1917 A Flawed Peace: ● Wilson presented his plan, known as the Fourteen points, to congress in January 1918. ● The United States rejected Wilson’s generous peace plan and the League of the Nations. ● In January 1919, a peace conference began in Paris to try to resolve the complicated issues arising from WW1. The Treaty of Versailles ● The Treaty of Versailles, signed by Germany on June 28, 1919, had weakened or discarded a lot of Wilson’s proposal. ● Germany was stripped of its armed forces, they also had to pay reparations, and war damages to the Allies in the amount of $33 billion, a sum far beyond its financial means. Multiple Choice Questions Why was Russia running out of resources? A. Russia gave them away B. Russia was in war with Germany C. The Bolsheviks took all the resources and went to cuba Multiple Choice Question What made World War 1 the first modern war? A. trenches B. New technologies C.Military JEEPS True or false question Germany was stripped of its arm forced and had to pay reparations in the amount of $33 million? Multiple Choice Question What was Wilson’s plan that he presented to congress known as? A. The Peace Plan B: Exiting the War Plan C: The Fourteen Points Plan Multiple Choice Question