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Quiz #4
ECOL 340 Plant Form, Function & Diversity
Spring 2007
30 points total (3% of Total Grade)
7 points (1/2 point each)
(1). Multiple choice. Please place the equation or symbol on the right
with the statement on the left that best matches.
___Quantitative defense
A. Block the action of digestive enzymes
___Adaptation
___Induced defense
___Phenols
___Anisohydric species
___Glandular hairs
___Acclimatization
B. Stomates respond to ABA and  of the leaf
C. Indiscriminately eat most of the plant
D. Select specific plant parts to eat
E. Stomates respond primarily to changes in ABA
F. Change in population trait mean between generations
G. Exchange of sugar in turn for protection by ants from
herbivores
H. Example of mechanical protection
I. Present in all major clades of land plants
J. House their fungal symbionts on the outside of their bodies
K. Mixed function oxidase
L. Proteinase inhibitor is produced as leaf has begun to be
consumed
M. Change in trait mean in a population within a generation.
N. Defense like Tannins have a large investment of carbon
___Tannins
___ Inducible defenses
___ Extrafloral nectarines
___ Bark beetles
___ Browsers
___Foragers
___Isohydric species
N,F,K,I,B,H,M,A,L,G,J, I,C,E.
(2) What is the definition of Coevolution?
2 - Points
The evolution of a series of receiprocol phenotypes that are specific adaptations between ineracting
species.
(3) What are the five central physiological steps in C4 photosynthesis?
5-points
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Carboxylation of PEP produces organic acids in mesophyll cells
Organic acids are transported to the bundle sheath cells
Organic acids are decarboxylated in bundle sheath cells producing CO2
CO2 is assimilated by Rubisco and PCR cycle
Compounds return to the mesophyll cells to regenerate more PEP
(4) According to Rowley 1978 - The first recognition that something
strange happens to CAM plants came from the Romans who noticed that
CAM plants tasted more bitter in the morning. Why do CAM plants
taste more bitter in the morning?
2-points
During the morning, before the plant has started to fully photsynthesize, CAM plants have
accumulated much malic acid from the fixation of CO2 over night by PEP. The build up of
malic acid is what taste so bitter to the Romans.
(5) Name two similarities between C4 and CAM photosynthesis
4-points
-Both increase the concentration of CO2 within mesophyl cells above the concentration of CO2
within the cell.
-Both, use PEP carboxylase to fix CO2 to form a 4-carbon molelcule.
(6) Draw an A/Ci curve for a C3 and C4 plant. Make sure to label your
axes (put units on each axis too). Label where the compensation point is
for each species.
3-points
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
(7) On one graph showing the relationships between the following
physiological parameters
3-points
a) Temperature and rates of respiration
b) Temperature and CO2 assimilation rates (i.e. the carbon fixation reactions)
c) Temperature and rates of oxygenation by Rubisco
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
(8) In thinking about Sun verses Shade leaves . . . and also thinking about what limits
carbon assimilation rates . . . complete the following two sentences.
4-Points
Sun leaves maximize _____________ limitations by having the following two
acclimatization responses 1)__________ 2)______________.
Carboxylation, 1) thicker leaves, 2) thicker cuticles, and/or more cells, more cholorplasts etc.
Shade leaves minimize _____________ limitations by having the following
acclimatization responses 1)__________ .
Light, 1) more spongy mesophyll and/or invest more in light harvesting complexes etc.
EXTRA CREDIT – 3 – Points!
(8) Name two specific adaptations that plants living in cold environments may have
1.5-Points Each
-Increased concentrations of Rubisco
-Higher rates of sucrose production
-Increased rates of electron transport