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Download Inside Earth 3.3 Volcanic Landforms
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Volcanic Landforms Inside Earth Chapter 3.3 Pages 103-107 Shield Volcano • Shield Volcano: a wide base mountain with very gentle slopes – Lava pours out in thin layers and harden on top of older layers. – Viscosity = Low Viscosity Viscosity • Viscosity is a substance’s resistance to flow • How much a substance tries NOT to flow • “Go with the flow” vs. “Going against the flowing” Cinder Cone • Cinder Cone: steep, cone-shaped hill or mountain – May produce ash, cinders and bombs – Paricutin in Mexico (424m high) – Viscosity = High Composite Volcano • Composite: gently steeping, cone-shaped volcano which alternates eruptions of lava flows and violent eruptions (ash, cinder and bombs) • Viscosity = High/Low • Examples: Mt. St Helens, Mt. Fuji in Japan Exit Pass What are the 3 types of volcanoes? Describe one of them. Lava Plateau • High, level areas formed by lava flows • Thin lava floods out, travels far before cooling & solidifying • Flooding process repeats again & again, building up high plateaus over millions of years – Columbia Plateau (Washington, Oregon, & Idaho) Caldera • Massive eruption empties the main vent and magma chamber beneath the volcano • The hollow mountain then collapses inward due to lack of support • A Caldera is the large hole left behind • Fills with pieces of the volcano, ash and water – Crater Lake in Oregon Soils from Lava & Ash • Ash releases potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and other materials that plants need • Soil develops and plants are able to grow Volcanic Neck • Forms from when magma hardens in a volcano’s pipe – The softer rock wears away, exposing the hard rock (weathering and erosion) Sill • Magma that squeezes in between layers of rock and solidifies (Horizontal like a window sill) • Which letter shows the sill? B in the diagram Dike • Hans Brinker, The Silver Skates Dike • Magma that forces itself across rock layers and solidifies (Vertical cuts through rock layers) • Which letter shows the dike? C in the diagram Batholith • Large rock masses that form the core of many mountain ranges • Formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust • Which is batholith? – D in the diagram. Dome Mountain • Formed by smaller bodies of magma, when rising magma is blocked by horizontal layers of rock. – Forces rock layers to bend upward into a dome shape. – Rock layers above eventually erodes and leave the core exposed. Exit Pass What are 2 types of volcanic landforms? Describe one of them. What to Work On • Answer Section 3.3 Review questions on page 107 (#s 1-3) • Read and Outline Chapter 3.4, Volcanoes in the Solar System