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You Dun Goofed Things you guys did poorly on the Benchmark 1 • In which of the following geographic areas were the first hominids from the early Paleolithic Era, circa 2 million BCE, found? • • • • A. Neanderthal ("Neander Valley") in Northern Europe B. Great Rift Valley in East Africa C. Indus River Valley in South Asia D. Mesopotamia in Southwest Asia EAST AFRICA Global Dispersion of Humankind HOMINID = HUMAN-LIKE 6 • Which of the following most directly undermines that assertion? • F. In the few hunting-gathering societies that remain today, men and women often share in decision making concerning the entire group. • G. Rulers of ancient river valley civilizations, such as Egyptian or Mesopotamian kings, often claimed descent from (or •pharaohs Significant social affinity with) the gods. inequalities emerged only after adoption ofevidence agriculture madelater it possible some • H.the Archaeological from many Neolithicfor settlements in individuals the Fertile Crescent has revealed increasing variations among the to accumulate great amounts of surplus size of houses. some historians have argued. • J. wealth, Some pre-agricultural archaeological sites across the world have yielded evidence of significant disparities in the amount and quality of objects placed in individual graves. EGALITARIANISM 8 • Before 600 B.C.E., most early civilizations shared which of the following characteristics? • F. Animal herds and portable houses • G. Large standing armies and elected governments • H. Urban centers, growing populations, and writing systems • J. Caravan trade, underground cities, and large ships WRITING, CITIES, FOOD SURPLUS • A major difference between the social structures of China and India between 600 B.C.E. and 600 C.E. is? • A. Confucianism emphasized spiritual advancement for people who faithfully performed their social duties. • B. Merchants had the highest social status in India. • C. Confucian social hierarchy privileged government officials. • D. Slaves did most of the agricultural work on large Indian estates. SCHOLAR BUREAUCRATS • Which of the following is true of the Silk Roads? • A. The Silk Roads linked the entire world into a single trade network. • B. The Silk Roads linked the large civilizations on the outer rim of the Eurasian continent but bypassed the pastoral peoples of the interior. • C. The Silk Roads were largely a relay trade route, in which goods were passed down the line rather than carried by one merchant along the entire route. • D. Although important, the Silk Roads never carried as large a volume of long-distance trade as the American networks. RELAY TRADE • What BEST explains why pre-Columbian American civilizations did not use the wheel? • F. A lack of large domesticated animals made the wheel irrelevant. • G. American civilizations were inherently inferior to AfroEurasian civilizations. • H. Social norms of the Americas required that only human females transport heavy goods. • J. American civilizations had no access to the raw materials necessary for the production of wheels. GEOGRAPHIC DETERMINISM • In comparison to Han China, all of the city states of classical Greece possessed… • F. slave systems that came to associate slavery primarily with race. • G. economies less heavily reliant on slaves. • H. more freedoms for women, including some political rights. • J. economies more heavily reliant on slaves. SLAVE ECONOMIES • • • • • “If a [noble] man puts out the eye of another The excerpt theeye Code Hammurabi illustrates [noble]from man, his shall of be put out. he following breaks anotherabout [noble]Babylonian man’s bone, hissociety? which of Ifthe bone shall be broken. If he puts out the eye of a [commoner] or breaks the bone of he shall pay F. It made provision fora [commoner], the economic well-being of all [silver] mina. classes. one If he puts out the eye of a man’s slave or break away the bone of a man’s slave,on he corporal shall pay punishment. G. It moved from reliance one-half of its H. It was value.” marked by social inequalities. --Code of Hammurabi J. The king was regarded as blessed by divine forces. ONE LAW FOR THEM, AND ANOTHER ONE FOR US • Before 600 C.E., all of the following were part of the Confucian social order EXCEPT… • • • • A. loyalty to the ruler B. filial obedience to one’s father C. respect for the old D. marital fidelity by husbands FILIAL PIETY • Yu Huan’s purpose in the fictionalized account of the origins of Buddhism outlined in the passage, was most likely to… • A. make it easier for his Buddhist readers to convert to Daoism “What is recorded in the Buddhist scriptures is analogous to the teachings •contained B. hintinatthethe existence of an of Buddhist scripture of Laozi [thealternate founder ofset Daoism] in China, and it is scriptures that from officially accepted actually believed thatwere Laozi,different after having gonethe to India, instructed the ones and becamethe theextent Buddha.” •barbarians C. demonstrate of missionary and trade links between China and India --Yu Huan, Chinese historian, circa 250 C.E. • D. assert the superiority of Chinese culture over non-Chinese cultures YOU’RE ALL A BUNCH OF BARBARRIANS • Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Greek way of thinking in the classical era? • • • • F. Respect for received wisdom G. Confidence in human reason H. Their focus on understanding the Dao J. Emphasis on the family as the model of the state REASON, RATIONALITY, PHILOSOPHY • We assume that the early governments in the ancient Middle East was less centralized because of… • A. divergent and distant trade patterns • B. the weakness of their armies and the frequency with which they were defeated by foreign foes • C. the existence of city-states • D. the absence of writing CITY-STATES VS. EMPIRES