Download Phylum Annelid Webquest 1. What are three common types of

Phylum Annelid Webquest
1. What are three common types of annelids?
Answer: earthworms, polychaete worms, leeches
2. What is segmentation?
Answer: segements; formed by subdivisions that partially transect the body cavity
3. Segmentation is also known as?
Answer: metamerism
4. Why is metamerism a benefit?
Answer: Increases the efficiency of body movement by allowing the effect of muscle contraction to be extremely
localized , makes it possible the development of greater complexity in general body organizations
5. All annelids, except leeches have
Answer: chitonous hair-like structures, called setae, projecting from their cuticle
6. What does hydrostatic pressure allow the annelid to do?
Answer: helps maintain body rigidty, allowing muscle contractions to bend the body without collapsing it
7. Describe the following “systems” of the annelid
a. Circulatory: closed and segmentally arranged
b. Digestive: complete tube with a mouth and anus
c. Respiratory: earthworms do not have lungs, they breathe their skin, gases exchange through their skin
d. Excretory system: consists of structural units called nephiridia; each contains a cilitated tunnel that eventually leads to
a bladderlike sac
e. Sensory organs: tactile organs, chemoreceptors, balance receptors, and photoreceptors; some forms have fairly well
developed eyes, including lenses
f. Reproductive system: Annelids may be monoecious or dioecious. Larva may or may not be present; if present they are
of the trochophore type. Some forms also reproduce asexually. They are protostomes, with spiral cleavage.
8. Why are there very few fossils of worms?
Answer: The problem with worm fossils is that they are all soft-bodied and have no bones. Therefore fossils are not easy
to find and recognize as are the fossil bones of dinosaurs
9. How did worms get to North America?
Answer: Actually, early European settlers brought worms over to North America during the 1600's and 1700's. Many
travelers back then would bring plants with them from their country. Worms tagged along in the soil around the roots of
these plants.
10. Earthworms belong to which phylum?
Answer: Annelid
11. Earthworms belong to which class?
Answer: Oligochaeti
12. What is the scientific name for the earthworm?
Answer: Eisenia fetida
13. How many segments does an earthworm have?
Answer: 120-170 segments
14. What are setae?
Answer: bristle/hairs that help the worm move
15. What structures helps the earthworm form cocoons?
Answer: Clitellum
16. What structure keeps things from getting into the worms mouth?
Answer: It is called the prostomium. It keeps stuff worms don't like from getting into my mouth
17. How many hearts does an earthworm have?
Answer: 5 (via the aortic arches)
18. How does a worm get oxygen?
Answer: Breathe via their skin; I take in oxygen through my skin and it goes right into my bloodstream. My skin must stay
wet in order for the oxygen to pass through it
19. How long does it take for baby worms to hatch from the cocoon?
Answer: 2-3 weeks
20. Do earthworms have eyes? Can they sense light?
Answer: No; I have cells in the front part of my body that are sensitive to light. This is called light sensitivity.
Parts Quiz:
21. Label the parts of the Annelid’s digestive system
22. List four benefits of an earthworm:
a. convert organic material into nutrients that plants can absorb
b. they loosen the soil, which makes it easier for the roots to grow and the air and water to circulate in the soil
c. they increase soil’s water retention capability
d. they bring mineral and other nutrients that are located deep in the soil and the top layer, where they can be absorbed
by the plants
23. During digestion, what soluble nutrients do they add to their waste?
Answer: nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium
24. Describe earthworm activity in each of the seasons:
a. During winter, earthworms are inactive. In areas where the soil freezes, they move below the frost line.
b. In spring, when the temperature is moderate and the rainfall is plentiful, they reach the peak of their activity. They
mate and lay eggs. Many eggs hatch and the small worms grow and mature. A pair of mature earthworms may produce
a few hundred offspring in a year.
c. During summer, the worm’s activity diminishes. The food available is not enough for all the worms. As a result, many
of them die.
d. In the fall the earthworms’ activity increases. They lay more eggs and stay active until winter arrives and the cycle is
repeated.
25. A worm’s survival is most effected by
Answer: how moist the soil is
26. Phylum (means little rings)
Answer: Annelid
27. What characteristic would lead a scientist to classify a worm as an Annelid?
Answer: contain segments
28. Annelids include the following 3 CLASSES:
a. Oligochaetes = Earthworm
b. Plychaetes = Marine Worms
c. Hirudinae = Leeches
29. What is the most obvious feature of polychaetes? What it is used for?
Answer: Parapodia appendages; used for crawling and swimming
30. What does parapodia mean?
Answer: para means “like” pod means “legs”
31. What are the hardened spike-like structures on the parapodia called?
Answer: setae/ cirri
32. Explain why Bristle Worms are also called fire worms
Answer: these cirri (setae) may break off into your fingers and cause a very painful sting. This is because the hollow cirri
contain poison.
33. What features do Annelids have to help them sense their environment?
Answer: Light sensing cells, antennae
34. CLASS: polychaeta
Answer: many bristles
35. List the number of polychaete species:
Answer: 8000+
36. Where are polychaetes found?
Answer: can be found living in the depths of the ocean, floating free near the surface, or burrowing in the mud and sand
of the beach
37. List 7 common names of polychaetes:
Answer: lugworms, clam worms, bristleworms, fire worms, palolo worms, sea mice, featherduster worms
38. Many of the polychaetes received their name based on what?
Answer: possess an array of bristles on their many leg-like parapodia
39. Describe how sessile polychaetes feed?
Answer: worms secrete their own encasing tube, and in situations where many of these worms grow together, the tubes
may form a reef. These polychaetes may have large spirals of feather-like tentacles which they extend into the water to
search for food
40. How do other non-sessile polychaets feed?
Answer: Other polychaetes have a more active lifestyle as grazers, predators, or scavengers. Some free-living species
have taken up parasitic habitats, and possess a pair of suckers and dagger-like jaws
41. What is unique about the reproduction cycle of the genus Eunice
Answer: These polychaetes reproduce for only a few days in conjuction with a particular phase of the moon. The females
come out at night, producing their own light which attracts the males. Both sexes then bud-off their butt-end, which in
some species will then go on to grow its own head. These polychaete bits contain the sexual organs, from which are
released millions of sex cells which will cloud the water
Flatworm Webquest
1. What does the name Platyhelminthes mean?
Answer: Flatworms
2. What type of symmetry do flatworms have?
Answer: Bilateral
3. How do flatworms reproduce?
Answer: mostly sexual as hermaphrodites (meaning contain both male/female parts)
4. What does it mean to have a blind gut?
Answer: having no gut, must excrete waste via their mouths
5. Flatworms all have a mouth but NO
Answer: anus
6. Flatworms are called acoelomates, in reference to their body structure.
a. do flatworms have a stomach
Answer: they have a similar gut-like structure
7. How do flatworms breathe?
Answer: the respire through diffusion
8. What does it mean to be paraphyletic
Answer: they contain some but not all descendants of a common ancestor
9. What does it mean to be triploblastic; name the 3 layers in flatworms
Answer: Having 3 germ layers; ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
10. Describe digestion in flatworms:
Answer: Flatworms have incomplete digestive systems and they present extracellular and intracellular complementary
digestions.
11. What are Flame Cells?
Answer: excretory ducts and excretory pores
1. Class Turbellaria (turbellarains/flatworms)
a. How many species of Turbellarians are there?
Answer: 4500
b. Describe how Turbellarians swim
Answer: use cilia to propel them through water
c. What do members of Turbellaria eat?
Answer: tiny aquatic invertebrates such as rotifers, small crustaceans, and other worms
d. What is the role of protonephridia?
Answer: excretory organ
2. Class Trematoda (parasitic flukes)
a. What does it mean when it says all Trematodes are parasites?
Answer: all live in or on a mollusk and vertebrates (need them in order to survive)
b. What does it mean to have an external layer that is syncytial?
Answer: helps protect against digestive enzymes in those species that inhabit the gut of larger animals
c. What causes schistosomiasis?
Answer: parasitic disease caused by one of the species of trematodes (platyhelminth infection, or "flukes"), a parasitic
worm of the genus Schistosoma
3. Class Cestoda
a. What is the common name for the Class Cestoda?
Answer: Tapeworm
b. What are the 4 differences between flatworms in Class Cestoda compared to other worms
Answer: do not have a gut, flat ribbon like body, do not have a body cavity, parasitic
c. What is a scolex? Why is it needed?
Answer: the anterior end of a tapeworm; bearing suckers and hooks for attachment
4. How do you get tapeworms?
Answer: if you eat food or drink water contaminated with feces from a person or animal with tapeworm, you ingest
microscopic tapeworm eggs
5. Where does a tapeworm develop from an egg into a larva?
Answer: in its muscle tissue
6. How long can an adult tapeworm get?
Answer: more than 50 feet
7. Where can a tapeworm migrate if it leaves the intestines?
Answer: may pass through to your stool and exit the body
8. What are some of the symptoms a person might experience if they have a tapeworm?
Answer: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hives or a rash that changes location, wheezing, and asthma
9. How does a person prevent getting infected?
Answer: Larvae in stool (feces) contaminate the soil and enter through the skin, usually the feet.
10. How is a person treated if they are infected?
Answer: antibiotics
Planaria
Roundworm Webquest Answers
1. List Five Features of nematodes
a. Bilaterally symmetrical
b. Surrounded by a strong, flexible non-cellular layer called the cuticle
c. Simple Body Plan
d. Contain a Pseudocoelom (meaning they have something “like” a coelom”
e. Reproduce Sexually
2. Describe how nematodes move.
Answer: Nematodes move by contraction of the longitudinal muscles. Because their internal pressure is high, this causes
the body to flex rather than flatten, and the animal moves by thrashing back and forth. No cilia or flagellae are present
3. Describe what male nematodes use their copulatory spikes for.
Answer: Fertilization takes place when males use special copulatory spines to open the females' reproductive tracts and
inject sperm into them
4. What ecological roles do free-living nematodes play?
Answer: play critical ecological roles as decomposers and predators on microorganisms
5. What groups did nematodes originally belong to?
Answer: Aschelminthes, Nemathelminthes, and/or Pseudocoelomata
6. What do free-living nematodes feed on?
Answer: bacteria and detritus
7. Why were aschelminthes originally referred to as pseudocoelomates?
Answer: because of their supposed shared internal structure
8. Why is the pseudocoelomate cavity not considered a true coelom?
Answer: because it supposedly does not exist within the mesoderm, true mesenteries are not present, and its
development in the embryo is quite different
9. Describe what cryptobiosis is. Why would this be a beneficial ability to have?
Answer: ability to suspend their life processes completely when conditions become unfavorable; in these resistant states
they can survive extreme drying, heat, or cold, and then return to life when favorable conditions return
11. What does “tube within a tube” mean?
Answer: It refers to the development of a fluid-filled cavity between the outer body wall and the digestive tube
12. Where was the largest nematode found and how long was it?
Answer: Placentonema gigantisma, discovered in the placenta of a sperm whale. This 8 meter long nematode is said to
have 32 ovaries