Download How do living things reproduce?

Lesson 1
Reproduction
Lesson 2
Plant Life Cycles
Lesson 3
Animal Life Cycles
Lesson 4
Traits and Heredity
How do living things reproduce?
sexual
reproduction
fertilization
asexual
reproduction
vegetative
propagation
runner
What are sexual and asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is the
production of a new organism
from a single parent.
Sexual reproduction
is the production of a
new organism from
two parents.
How do organisms reproduce asexually?
Organisms reproduce asexually
by splitting, budding, vegetative
propagation, and the development
of eggs into new animals without
fertilization.
How do sexual and asexual reproduction compare?
Asexual reproduction
requires only one parent,
and offspring are identical
to the parent organism.
Sexual reproduction requires two parents, and offspring
have a combination of traits from both parents.
Main Idea
How do sexual and asexual reproduction differ?
Sexual reproduction requires the sex
cells of two parents to combine. The
offspring shows traits from both
parents. In asexual reproduction there
is only one parent.
Vocabulary
Vegetative propagation is asexual reproduction in the plant
____________________
that produces new plants from leaves, roots, or stems.
Runners
___________________
are plant stems that lie on or under
the ground and sprout up as new plants.
A sperm cell from a male and an egg cell from a female join
into a single unit in a process called ___________________.
Sexual reproduction is the production of a new organism
___________________
from two parents.
Asexual reproduction is the production of a new organism
___________________
from a single parent.
vegetative
asexual
sexual
reproduction fertilization runners reproduction propagation
Sequence
What happens after a bud
forms on an organism?
small bud grows on parent
bud may break off
bud grows apart or
attached to parent
End of Lesson
pollination
pollen
embryo
seed coat
germination
monocot
dicot
conifer
What are seedless plant life
cycles?
new moss
plant
spores
Fern Life Cycle
spore
case
fern
frond
sperm
heart
shaped
plant
adult
plant
new fern
plant
fertilized egg
spores
sperm
egg
Moss Life Cycle
fertilized
egg
egg
perfect/complete
flower
What are the parts of a flower?
stigma
filament
anther
perfect/incomplete
flower
style
pistil
stamen
egg
petal
imperfect/incomplete
flower (male)
ovary
sepal
imperfect/incomplete
flower (female)
What is the angiosperm life cycle?
adult plant
seedling
stamen
pollinator
ovary
pistil
seed and fruit
What is in a seed?
A seed has three main
parts: the embryo, the
cotyledon (food supply),
and the seed coat.
What is the conifer life cycle?
male cones
adult plant
fertilized cones
female cones
pine seeds
seedling
Main Idea
What three features help make angiosperms
the most plentiful plant group?
flowers, seeds, and fruits
Vocabulary
______________
Germination is the development of
a seed into a new plant.
A ______________ produces seeds with
a single cotyledon.
A seed is surrounded by a tough outer
coating called a ______________.
A ______________ produces seeds with
two cotyledons.
dicot
germination
monocot
seed coat
Vocabulary
___________
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from
the stamen to the pistil.
___________
is a yellow powder that contains
Pollen
sperm cells.
An ___________ is the beginning of a new
offspring.
A ___________ is a gymnosperm, a plant that
has seeds but not flowers.
conifer
embryo
pollen
pollination
Summarize
What effect does water have
in the moss life cycle?
water carries
sperm to
female
fertilization
takes place
End of Lesson
metamorphosis
complete
metamorphosis
larva
pupa
incomplete
metamorphosis
nymph
external fertilization
internal fertilization
What are animal life cycles?
Many animals begin life looking
like smaller versions of adults.
Incomplete
Complete
Metamorphosis
Grasshopper
Butterfly
adult
eggs
eggs
larva
nymph
pupa
adult
Other
animals
through
three
gradual
Some
animals
gogo
through
four
distinct
stages
in incomplete
metamorphosis.
ofstages
development
in complete
metamorphosis.
How does fertilization
occur in animals?
When a sperm cell combines
with an egg cell, the resulting
fertilized egg starts growing.
External fertilization occurs
when sperm and egg join
outside of an animal’s body.
Internal fertilization is the
joining of sperm and egg
inside a female’s body.
What happens to a fertilized egg?
After fertilization, an embryo
begins to develop inside an egg.
frog eggs
In reptile and bird eggs, the yolk inside
the egg provides the embryo with food.
chicken egg
crocodile egg
In mammals, the embryo is fed by
the mother’s body as it develops.
Main Idea
Why do most aquatic animals use
external fertilization and most land
animals use internal?
Aquatic animals can release their sex
cells into the water because they will
not dry out there.
Land animals use internal fertilization
to protect the sex cells from drying
out.
Vocabulary
The out-of-body joining of egg and sperm is
called ________________________.
A ___________________ is similar to an adult form, but it
is smaller and lacks wings and reproductive structures.
The ___________________ is a non-feeding stage during
which a hard, caselike cocoon surrounds the organism.
incomplete metamorphosis the animal goes
During ________________________
through three stages that occur gradually.
incomplete
external fertilization
nymph
pupa
metamorphosis
Vocabulary
complete metamorphosis the animal goes
In _______________________
through four distinct stages.
A _______________________ in an immature stage
that does not resemble the adult.
_______________________
is the joining of sperm
Internal fertilization
and egg cells inside a female’s body.
Metamorphosis
_______________________
is a series of distinct
growth stages that are different from one another.
complete
internal
larva
metamorphosis
metamorphosis fertilization
Compare and
Contrast
How do complete and incomplete
metamorphosis compare?
complete
incomplete
metamorphosis:
metamorphosis:
Both:
four stages –
metamorphosi three stages –
s
egg, larva, pupa,
egg, nymph, adult
adult
End of Lesson
metamorphosis (met´ə·môr´fə·sis) A series of
distinct growth stages that are different from one
another. (p. 114)
heredity
inherited trait
instinct
gene
dominant trait
recessive trait
pedigree
carrier
What is heredity?
Heredity is the passing down of
traits from parents to offspring.
Heredity applies to all
organisms and can affect
appearance and behavior.
Parent Generation
How are traits inherited?
Inherited traits are passed
from parents to offspring
during reproduction.
Dominant traits (shown on
diagram with uppercase letters)
tend to be expressed more
frequently than recessive traits.
Recessive traits (shown on
diagram with lowercase letters)
are masked, or hidden, by the
more dominant forms.
pp
PP
Generation 1
Pp
Pp
Pp
Pp
Generation 2
PP
Pp
Pp
pp
How do we trace inherited traits?
A pedigree chart can be used to trace
the history of traits in a family.
Dimples
(dominant trait)
Parent’s Generation
No Dimples
(recessive trait)
Mother
Father
Daughter Daughter Son
Children’s Generation
Son
Main Idea
Why are offspring similar to parents,
but not exactly like either one of them?
Offspring inherit one set of genes
from each parent, so they have a
mixture of traits.
Vocabulary
A ______________ contains chemical
instructions for inherited traits.
A ______________ is any individual who
has inherited the gene for a trait, but does
not show that trait physically.
Heredity
______________
is the passing down of
traits from parents to offspring.
A ______________ is one that dominates,
or masks, another form of that trait.
carrier
dominant trait
gene
heredity
Vocabulary
A ____________ is a chart used to trace the
history of traits in a family.
An ____________ is a trait that an offspring
receives from its parents.
A ____________ is one that is hidden, or
masked, by another form of the trait.
An ____________ is a way of acting or behaving
that an animal is born with and does not have to
learn.
inherited trait
instinct
pedigree
recessive trait
Fact and
Opinion
A friend claims that with practice
anyone can roll their tongue. Is
this fact or opinion? Explain.
Tongue rolling
is an inherited
trait controlled
by genes.
Tongue rolling
gets easier
with practice.
End of Lesson