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WWII Take Home Notes Table of Contents Date 3-17 Topic 7-4.5 Axis Military Aggression pg # • Axis Alliance formed in 1936: Germany, Italy and Japan • German & Italian Aggression • Mussolini expanded into Ethiopia against League of Nations • Hitler began demanding lands that contained German speaking people (Austria, Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia) • Britain and France hoped that appeasement would prevent another war (they let Hitler have the things he wanted) • Munich Pact-1938 • They give Hitler lands in exchange for the promise that he would stop there and wouldn’t ask for anything else • This was a FAILURE! Hitler and Mussolini continued to attack more lands • 1939 Hitler invaded Poland and war began Table of Contents Date 3-18 Topic 7-4.5 Theaters of War pg # 7-4.5 Theaters of War • During WWII there were 2 different theaters (areas) where the fighting action occurred • European Theater and Pacific Theater • US will fight in both once we join the war • Europe: • Germany blitzkrieg (lightening war) against Poland on the west. • German Soviet Non Aggression Pact of 1939, meant Stalin agreed with Hitler and attacked Poland on the east • Hitler took over Denmark, Norway and France by 1940 • Battle of Britain 1940-1941: German air force wasn’t able to invade because of radar and message decoding • Churchill refused to surrender and Hitler focused on other areas • Axis powers took Yugoslavia and Greece in 1941 • Fighting in Africa: Hitler wanted to control the Suez Canal • He betrays Stalin and attacks Soviet Union in 1941 • He fails at Battle of Stalingrad, 500,000 German soldiers die Table of Contents Date 3-19 Topic 7-4.5 US Enters WWII pg # 7-4.5 US Enters WWII • Neutrality Acts (1935-1937): We did isolationism and vowed to stay out of war • By 1939 it looked like the Nazi’s were taking over Europe, FDR began to help the Allies • Sold weapons and war materials to them • Japan invaded French Indochina in 1941, the US did not condone this • FDR put an oil embargo on Japan. We wouldn’t let them buy any of our oil. • Japan got mad!! • Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and Congress declared war!! • Why did they attack us? • Mad that we weren’t really neutral • Make us join the war once and for all • Wanted to weaken our Navy before we joined the war Fighting in the Pacific Theater • Japan moved quickly to take over islands in the Pacific (Guam, Hong Kong, Philippines) • In 1942 the US began to defeat Japan through an ‘islandhopping’ strategy • Went after the easy islands to take in order to get close to the mainland Table of Contents Date 3-23 Topic 7-4.5 Allied Victory pg # 7-4.5 Allied Victory • By 1942 the Allied forces came ahead • General Dwight Eisenhower (US): defeated Axis groups in North Africa • Soviets beat Germany at Stalingrad (1943) and continued to attack from the east • British and American troops conquered Italy in 1944 • D-Day, June 1944: Allied forces invade France to liberate them from Germany • Victory in September • Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's final attempt to win, but had to retreat • Mussolini was killed by the Italians in early 1945 • Drug his body through the street and hung him on display • With no hope of winning, Hitler kills himself April of 1945 Hitlers Death Clip • VE Day- Victory in Europe May 7th, 1945 • Germany surrenders VE Day Celebrations Clip • The US then focused on defeating Japan in the Pacific Theater • Major victories of Iwo Jima and Okinawa • FDR dies and is replaced by Harry Truman • After reaching the mainland of Japan, the US began an aerial bombing attack • Japan just would not give up!!! • The US wanted to end this war quick • Truman ordered the dropping of the atom bomb on Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) re-enactment • US dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki 3 days later • Japan announced they would surrender • VJ Day-Victory in Japan September 2nd, 1945 Table of Contents Date 4-7 Topic 7-4.6 Events of The Holocaust pg # 7-4.6 Events of The Holocaust • The Nazi party had a plan to eliminate Jews and other ‘undesirable’ people • Jews, Russians Communists, Gypsies, homosexuals and anyone physically or mentally deficient • Anti-Semitism had led to prejudice of Jews for years in Europe • Nuremberg Laws, 1935: denied citizenship to German Jews, they couldn’t marry non-Jews • November 1938: Kristallnacht, “Night of Broken Glass”, Nazi troops attacked Jewish homes forced them to move to ghettos. • Final Solution: Forced Jews to concentration camps. • Many died on the trains, in gas showers, crematoriums, experiments or through labor • Millions died • 1945-1946 Nuremberg Trials charged Nazi leaders with ‘crimes against humanity’ • Found that they were responsible for their own actions • International Military Tribunal executed 10 Nazi leaders