Download Muscles

Muscles
Types of muscle
Our Objectives Today
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Continue familiarisation with muscles
Learn how muscles work antagonistically
Learn the 2 types of muscular contractions
How did you do?
Deltoids
Pectorals
Biceps
Trapezius
Triceps
Latissimus Dorsi
Abdominals
Gluteals
Hamstrings
Quadriceps
Gastrocnemius
Front View
Back View
Antagonistic
Muscles
Flexion (Bending) of the Arm
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The agonist or prime mover – the name of the muscle that contract
and create movement.
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The antagonist – the name of the muscle that relaxes to allow movement to
occur.
Agonist or Prime Mover
(Biceps contract)
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Antagonist
(Triceps relax)
Other muscles support the prime mover (agonist) in creating
movement and these are called synergists.
Extension (Straightening) of the Arm
Locate and name the following parts involved in the extension of the arm:
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Agonist (prime mover)
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Any Bones
Biceps: antagonist
relaxing muscle
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Antagonist
Triceps: agonist
(prime mover)
contracting muscle
Muscular System
The effects of Lifestyle and
Performance Enhancing
Drugs.
Rest
Why do we need it?
 Allows muscles to repair
 Rebuild for the next session and strengthen
What do the athletes do?
 Leading up to a competition they reduce the number of
sessions a week but increase the intensity of each
session to allow for recover. (Short Term)
 After the competition they take a complete break from
training before starting again to prepare for the next
season. (Long Term)
Diet
Carbohydrates
 Water (fluids e.g. energy drinks)
 Protein e.g. meat, fish, eggs, nuts build
and replenish muscles.
 Prevents Atrophy.
 Eat no less than 2 hours before and no
longer than 2 hours after.
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Performance Enhancing Drugs
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Not needed with a good diet!!!!
Most are banned substances in sport.
Anabolic Steroids – build muscle size e.g.
bodybuilders and strength e.g. sprinters and
throwers.
They work building muscle increasing the
recovery so athletes train harder for longer.
Recover from injury much quicker
Banned because bad for health and unfair
advantage.
How does a strong muscular
system help in everyday life?
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Increase work capacity/intensity
Decrease chance of injury
Prevent lower back pain
Improve or prevent bad posture
Improve athletic performance
Aid rehabilitation after injury or illness
Improve body image.
Questions
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Name the muscle responsible for bending the leg at the knee joint (1)
After a tennis player strikes the ball, the racket arm will follow through
and move across the body. Name the muscle responsible for adducting
the upper arm at the shoulder (1)
What is the anatomical name for the Calf muscle (1).
What type of movement is the deltoid able to create? Give an example of
this in sport. (3)
What is hypertrophy? (2)
Which of these muscles work antagonistically: Bicep, Hamstrings,
Deltoid, Quadriceps, Pectorals. (2)
Name an 3 immediate effects of exercise on the muscular system (3)
What causes muscular fatigue? (1)
Rest is important to include in a programme of training, why is this? (2)
Explain the difference between Isotonic and Isometric contractions, give
a sporting example for each. (4)