Download Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville

16.5 The Tide of War Turns
By: Tommy Blackmore, Drew Bolisay, Josh Parney, Reynolds
Boone, and Jack Sloyan
Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville
Drew
Bolisay
• Frustrated by McClellan’s lack of aggression, Lincoln replaced him with General
Ambrose E. Burnside as leader of the Army of the Potomac
• November 1862- Burnside launches a swift and decisive attack on Richmond by way of
Fredericksburg with 120,000 troops against Confederate’s 78,000
• Burnside’s army experienced delays in crossing the Rappahannock River
• Ordered a retreat after suffering about 12,600 casualties (Confederates had 5,300)
• Burnside soon stepped down and Lincoln made General Joseph Hooker commander of the
Army of the Potomac
• April 1863- Hooker and army of about 138,000 men launch a frontal attack on
Fredericksburg
• Hesitated and had his flanking troops take a defensive position at Chancellorsville
• The following day, Stonewall Jackson led an attack on Hooker’s flank while Lee
commanded an assault on the Union front
• Hooker retreated, but Stonewall Jackson was accidently shot by his own troops and died a
few days later
https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=fredericksburg+and+chancellorsville&oq=fredericksburg+and+&gs_l=img.1.1.0l2j0i24l8.10799.15555.0.19620.19.14.0.0.0.0.1233.11249.42j3j5j4.14.0....0...1ac.1.43.img..16.3.2057.1uqObxwdZDw#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=20ajPZcNyDwmSM%253A%3BFugU8w_pHxQT5M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.farmlib.org%252Fimages%252Ffredricksburg.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.farmlib.org%252Fmrrt%252Ffieldtrip2009.html%3B600%3B418
First Day
• General Lee had his troops in a small town called
Gettysburg
• Lee was unaware that Union soldiers where encamped
near by, because his cavalry chief wasn’t doing his job
• They met and started the Battle of Gettysburg, which
was a key point in the war
• The battle started July 1, 1863
• Confederate raiding parties and Union forces began
fighting
Reynolds Boone
Second Day
• The battle was very devastating and it was filled with
death
• Went on all day
• The Battle at Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle of
the civil war
• By the end of the day, the union still held a strong
defensive position
• This battle stopped General Lee’s troops from invading
the north
Reynolds
Boone
https://www.google.com/search?q=gettysburg+battle&source=lnms&tbm=isch&s
a=X&ei=aYRzU_DWGo2oyATfiYHgBQ&sqi=2&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih
=651#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=g8lddA3KukdoMM%253A%3Bl6vSWd7gVSjPOM%
3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcapitolbadgers.files.wordpress.com%252F2010%252F0
7%252Fgettysburg.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcapitolbadgers.wordpress.com
%252F2010%252F07%252F01%252Fgettysburg-what-happens-if-the-southwins%252F%3B600%3B320
Pickett’s Charge
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=the+civil+war&FORM=HDRSC2#a
Josh Parney
Pickett’s Charge
Longstreet again tried to convince
General Lee not to attack on the
The Confederates assumed
3rd day of the battle
they had seriously damaged
Lee thought that Union forces
the Union artillery
were damaged and ready to
break
In reality, however, the
He planned to attack the center of
Confederate attack did little
the Union line on Cemetery
damage
Ridge
General Meade had only 5,750
troops to defend
The battle lasted little over an
hour
Josh Parney
https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=pickett%27s+charge&oq=
pickett%27s+&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.170.2822.0.4680.10.8.0.0.0.0.614.2297.1j2j2j1j0j2.8.0.chm_loc%2Chmss2%3Dfalse%2Chms2m
in%3D10%2Chms2max%3D10...0...1.1.43.img..5.5.1097.p7owsiwPybg
Battle Tactics
The task of charging The Union held their ground
fell into three
well, and reinforcements
divisions
were added to the barrage on
General George
the rebels
Pickett commanded
the largest squad
The Confederates retreated,
7,500 of their men died in the
More than 15,000
battle
men took part in
Pickett’s Charge
Josh Parney
https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=pickett%27s+charge&oq=pickett%27s+&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.170.2822.0.4680.10.8.0.0.0.0.6
14.2297.1j2j2j1j0j2.8.0.chm_loc%2Chmss2%3Dfalse%2Chms2min%3D10%2Chms2max%3D10...0...1.1.43.img..5.5.1097.p7owsiwPybg
Aftermath of Gettysburg
75,000 Confederate soldiers and 90,000 Union troops fought in the Battle
of Gettysburg
The battle was a turning point in the war, the South would never attack
the North again
Union victory at Gettysburg took place a day before Grant toke over
Vicksburg
Victories made northerners believe that the war could be won
The victory helped end the South’s search for foreign influence
After the battle Great Britain and France refused to aid the Confederacy
Josh Parney
The Gettysburg Address
On November 19, 1863, at the dedicating ceremony of the
Gettysburg battlefield cemetery, President Lincoln
delivered a speech called the Gettysburg Address
He praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his
commitment to win the civil war
The speech is one of the most famous ever given in
American history
Lincoln renewed his dedication to winning the Civil War
Josh Parney
Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy
By: Drew Bolisay
https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=union+campaigns+cripple+the+confederacy&oq=union+campaigns+cripple+the+confederacy&gs_l=img.3...1122.10261.0.10951.45.43.2.0.0.1.385.5056.24j8j8j2.42.0.chm_loc%2Chmss2%3Dfalse%2Chms2min%3D10%2Chms2max%3D10...0...1.1.43.img..29.16.1444._6uJOpTj9LU#fa
crc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=hj9GoPmCtfuN5M%253A%3BBHbKEq3vKQpLgM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.nps.gov%252Fhistory%252Fhistory%252Fonline_books%252Fcivil_war_series%252F24%252Fimages%252Ffig77.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.nps.gov%252Fhistory%252Fhistory%252Fonline_books%252Fcivil_war_series%252F24%252Fsec9.htm%3B500%3B344
Wilderness Campaign in the East
• Lincoln had been impressed with General Ulysses S. Grant’s successes
in capturing Vicksburg, so he transferred him to the East and gave him
command of the Union Army
• Union troops launched the Wilderness Campaign – a series of battles
designed to capture the federate capital at Richmond, Virginia
• The first battle was when Grant ordered General Meade to
Spotsylvania, where the fighting raged for 5 days
• Over the next month, Union soldiers moved the Confederate troops
back toward Richmond
• However, Grant experienced his worst defeat at the Battle of Cold
Harbor in early June
• In only a few hours, the Union army suffered about 7,000
casualties
• This battle delayed Grant’s plans to take the Confederate capital
Drew
Bolisay
https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=ulysses+s+grant&oq=Uly&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.3502.4957.0.7795.3.3.0.0.0.0.442.872.1j31j1.3.0....0...1ac.1.43.img..1.2.506.9X0niL4Yu9Y#hl=en&q=ulysses+s+grant&tbm=isch&imgdii=_
Wilderness Campaign in the East Cont.
• Union forces had suffered twice as many casualties as the
Confederates had, yet Grant continued his strategy
• He knew he would be getting additional soldiers, and Lee would not
• Grant slowly but surely advanced his troops through Virginia
• After Cold Harbor, General Grant moved south of Richmond
• He had hoped to take control of the key railroad junction at
Petersburg, Virginia
• However, Lee’s army formed a solid defense, and Grant could not
execute his attack
• Grant was winning the war, but he still had not captured Richmond
• Facing re-election, Lincoln was especially discouraged by this failure
Drew
Bolisay
https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=ulysses+s+grant&oq=Uly&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.3502.4957.0.7795.3.3.0.0.0.0.442.872.1j31j1.3.0....0...1ac.1.43.img..1.2.506.9X0niL4Yu9Y#hl=en&q=battle+of+cold+harbor&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=JEewMCqwxNJ7FM%253A%3BURxlBPkrQ7SPhM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcdn.history.com%252Fsites%252F2%252F2013%252F11%252FBattle-of-Cold-Harbor-HeroH.jpeg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.history.com%252Ftopics%252Famerican-civil-war%252Fbattles-of-cold-harbor%3B1389%3B454
Sherman Strikes on the South
Jack Sloyan
http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/grimsley1/dialogue/long_shadow.htm
•Lincoln needed a victory because it
would help him win re-election
•William Tecumseh Sherman carried out a
plan to destroy southern railroads and
industries
•Spring 1864 -- marched to Tennessee
with 100,000 troops
Jack Sloyan
•The goal was to remove an important
railroad link in Atlanta
•From May through August, Sherman’s
army moved steadily through the
Appalachian Mountains.
•Jefferson Davis, the Confederate
president, gave command of the
confederate army to General John Hood
Jack Sloyan
•Hood repeatedly attacked Sherman’s
army, but the Union was stronger
•Confederate army retreated as the Union
held Atlanta under siege
•Most of Atlanta was lost to the Union on
September 2, 1864
•The South lost an important railroad link
and the their center of industry
Jack Sloyan
•This victory led Lincoln to get re-elected
•Sherman did not wait long to attack againhis next goal was Savannah, Georgia
•Went to Georgia with 60,000 men
•Used total war to get to Georgia
•Total war is destroying civilian and economic
resources
Jack Sloyan
•Destroyed railways, bridges, crops,
livestock, and other resources
•They burned plantations and freed
slaves
•Sherman’s army reached Savannah on
December 10, 1864
•Sherman believed that this march would
speed the end of the war
Jack Sloyan
http://www.ducksters.com/history/shermans_march_to_the_sea.php
Jack Sloyan
• The Union had a strong army and they established a
good defense
• The Confederates camped at Seminary Ridge
• Both sides called for reinforcements and waited for
the upcoming battle
Reynolds Boone
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=civil+wargettysbug&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=AAC80822439CC3C6B63003E67B1A90214C2C4766&selectedIndex=9
The South Surrenders
Tommy Blackmore
https://www.tsl.texas.gov/exhibits/forever/freedom/page3.html
Fighting Ends
• Lee’s forces completely surrounded and cut off from getting
supplies
• April 9, 1865: Union and Confederate troops meet at town of
Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, where Lee surrendered to
Grant
• Lee was assured that his troops would be fed and not tried for
treason
• Grant said, “The rebels are our countrymen again.”
Tommy Blackmore
https://nobility.org/2012/10/15/social-revolution-after-civil-war/
Tommy Blackmore
http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=22878
Effects of the War
• Almost 620,000 Americans died in the four-year war
• (Legal) Slavery was ended in the south, although the
majority of former slaves had no home or employment
• The southern economy was horrible
• Much of the hostility between the North and the South
remained
Tommy Blackmore
wmscivilwar139.edublogs.org
Tommy Blackmore
Video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJfh4HWuiGY
Bibliography
•
http://www.learnoutloud.com/Free-Audio-Video/History/-/Gettysburg-Address/16984
•
http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0554003015
•
http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/grimsley1/dialogue/long_shadow.htm