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United States History & Government 11 Name:______________________________ Period/Day _______ Date:_______________________________ CFA-MC #35: The Presidencies Jimmy Carter, Roland Reagan and George H. W. Bush Directions: Using what you learned, fill in the blank with the best word or phrase to complete the sentence. 1 Which would be the most appropriate heading for the list below? I. _____________________ A. Crédit Mobilier B. Teapot Dome C. Watergate D. Iran Contra Affair (1) (2) (3) (4) 2 called for the states to assume a larger role in domestic programs (4) supported the strengthening of civil rights legislation (3) 5 A major result of the Watergate and IranContra affairs is that they have (1) proven that politicians are loyal to political action groups (2) led to lower public confidence in public officials (3) shown that the media have no influence on public opinion (4) demonstrated that constitutional processes are not working 6 A major result of the Federal Government's growing reliance on deficit spending has been that the national debt (1) increased greatly during the 1980s (2) declined on a per capita basis (3) is owed almost wholly to foreigners (4) must be secured by a gold reserve 7 A major reason for the ending of the Cold War Era was that (1) the Soviet Union was seriously weakened by internal conflict and economic difficulties (2) the United States and the Soviet Union were unable to destroy one another (3) the Berlin Wall fell and Germany was reunited (4) a recession forced the United States to cut military spending 8 A major achievement of President Jimmy Carter was (1) the worldwide acceptance of his human rights policy (2) the balancing of the Federal budget (3) his handling of international terrorist incidents (4) the signing of the Camp David peace accords Government Corruption Civil Service Reforms Disarmament Conferences Foreign Policies President Ronald Reagan's Federal budget proposals came under sharp criticism because they (1) (2) 1.lowered interest rates and decreased inflation (3) 2.increased social welfare spending (4) 3.included very large deficits (5) 4.advocated raising the income tax 3 4 An important similarity between the economic programs of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930's and President Ronald Reagan in the 1980's is that both programs (1) attempted to reduce the government's role in the economy (2) were significantly different from the economic program of the preceding administration (3) were developed in response to major foreign policy mistakes of the preceding administration (4) received the nearly unanimous support of economists A major difference between the Presidency of Lyndon Johnson and that of Ronald Reagan is that President Reagan (1) had a good relationship with labor unions (2) followed an isolationist foreign policy 9 One direct result of the Persian Gulf War was that the United States (1) gained control of oil resources in the the the Middle East (2) liberated Kuwait from Iraqi control (3) brought about peaceful relations between Israel and its neighbors (4) obtained overseas colonies in the Middle East 10 Which statement is most accurate about the economy of the United States during the 1970's and early 1980's? (1) The increased cost of imported oil hurt economic growth. (2) The Federal budget was balanced. (3) Inflation declined sharply throughout these years. (4) The number of jobs in farming increased while service jobs decreased. 11 The “supply side” economics of President Ronald Reagan and President George H. W. Bush favored (1) raising tariffs to increase the number of imports (2) increasing Federal taxes to support social welfare programs (3) providing incentives to stimulate business growth (4) establishing government programs to provide jobs for the unemployed 12 The Camp David accords negotiated during President Jimmy Carter's administration were an attempt to (1) decrease United States control of the Panama Canal (2) encourage the use of solar and other nonpolluting energy sources (3) end inflationary oil prices (4) establish peace in the Middle East 13 According to the supply-side economics principles promoted by President Ronald Reagan, economic growth would occur when (1) corporate business taxes were reduced (2) business was regulated by antitrust legislation (3) unemployment benefits were increased (4) investment in capital goods was decreased 14 According to the cartoon, President Ronald Reagan's economic policy was not successful because (1) programs to help big business did not benefit the rest of the economy (2) a worldwide recession stalled United States economic growth (3) dependence on imported oil led to rises in the cost of living (4) excessive governmental regulations discouraged private enterprise 15 Which economic approach, popular during the administration of President Ronald Reagan (1981–1989), is illustrated in this cartoon? (1) laissez faire (2) pump priming (3) trickle down (4) war on poverty 16 Which generalization is supported by the information provided by the graphs? (1) The electoral vote often fails to reflect the popular vote. (2) The House of Representatives settles Presidential elections in which thirdparty candidates participate. (3) The electoral college system weakens the two-party system. (4) Electoral college members often vote against their party's candidates. 19 One similarity between the Korean War and the Persian Gulf War is that both (1) United States attempted to limit traffic through the Suez Canal (2) sentiment of the American public turned against the conflict (3) United Nations took action to halt the aggression (4) dictators of North Korea and Iraq were removed from office 20 “President Nixon Plans Trip to China To Meet with Chairman Mao” “President Carter Signs New Panama Canal Treaty” “President Clinton Concludes Trade Agreement with Japan” Each headline illustrates an action of a President fulfilling his role as (1) head of his political party (2) Commander in Chief (3) chief diplomat (4) chief legislator 17 The controversy shown in the cartoon occurred when President George H. W. Bush (1) sided with Iraq against Iran (2) increased foreign aid to Iraq (3) sent United States troops to defend Kuwait (4) was threatened with impeachment by Congress 18 The main idea expressed by the cartoonist is that (1) discipline has broken down in the United States military (2) a majority of the people must support the conflict before the United States enters a war (3) the President's use of military power may depend on congressional cooperation (4) Congress often opposes Presidential proposals for increased military spending 21 The Supreme Court cases of Tinker v. Des Moines and New Jersey v. TLO involved the issue of (1) freedom of the press (2) freedom of religion (3) the rights of students in school (4) the rights of prison inmates 22 ". . . Our decision about energy will test the character of the American people and the ability of the President and the Congress to govern. This difficult effort will be the ‘moral equivalent of war’ -- except that we will be uniting our efforts to build and not destroy. . . ." -- President Jimmy Carter Address to the Nation, April 18, 1977 President Carter put these ideas into practice by (1) halting construction of nuclear power plants (2) increasing imports of foreign oil (3) urging the development of alternative fuel sources (4) imposing a price freeze on all petroleum products 23 Which factor contributed most to inflation in the United States during the 1970s? (1) high tariffs (2) oil embargoes (3) tax increases (4) high unemployment 27 In the Supreme Court cases New Jersey v. T.L.O. and Tinker v. Des Moines School District, the Court ruled that (1) individual student rights are more important than a safe school environment (2) students can be expelled from school without a hearing (3) civil liberties can be both protected and limited in schools (4) the Bill of Rights does not apply to minors 28 The War Powers Act of 1973 was passed by Congress as a response to the (1) spread of nuclear weapons during the Cold War (2) invasion of Kuwait by Iraq (3) threat of communism in the Middle East (4) United States involvement in the Vietnam War 24 This 1991 cartoon is criticizing President George H. W. Bush for (1) refusing to support the United Nations (2) involving the United States in foreign wars (3) using foreign affairs to hide domestic failures (4) ignoring the economic needs of developing nations 25 During the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan used the ideas of supply-side economics to justify (1) increases in social welfare spending (2) expansion of the Social Security program (3) tax cuts for businesses (4) reductions in military spending 26 In 1991, one of the reasons President George H. W. Bush committed United States troops to the Persian Gulf War was to (1) maintain the flow of trade through the Suez Canal (2) fulfill military obligations as a member of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (3) contain the spread of communism in the Middle East (4) assure the flow of Middle East oil to the United States and its allies 29 The beginning of the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe is most closely associated with the (1) fall of the Berlin Wall (2) admission of Warsaw Pact nations to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (3) intervention of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Yugoslavia (4) formation of the European Union 30 “Gorbachev Proposes Nuclear Arms Reductions” “Berliners Travel Freely Between East and West” “Russia Seeks To Join NATO” These headlines are most closely associated with the (1) military arms race (2) decline of Cold War hostilities (3) failures of the containment policy (4) successes of communism in the Soviet Union 31 A major policy of President Ronald Reagan’s administration was to (1) reduce defense spending (2) lower federal income tax rates (3) end desegregation of public facilities (4) promote regulation of small businesses 32 The economic policies of President Ronald Reagan (1981–1989) and President George W. Bush (2001–) are similar in that both (1) balanced the federal budget (2) expanded welfare programs to end poverty (3) used tax cuts to encourage economic growth (4) decreased military spending 33 The Camp David Accords and the Persian Gulf War both show the desire of the United States to (1) create stability in the Middle East (2) expand trade with Asian nations (3) maintain friendly relations with Europe (4) provide economic stability in Latin America 34 Which event is most closely associated with the end of the Cold War? (1) passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (2) establishment of a policy of détente with the Soviet Union (3) invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union (4) fall of the Berlin Wall 35 The Camp David Accords negotiated by President Jimmy Carter were important because they (1) reduced tensions in the Middle East (2) renewed diplomatic relations between the United States and China (3) slowed the pace of the nuclear arms race (4) provided for cooperation with the Soviet Union in the exploration of outer space 36 The Supreme Court decisions in New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) and Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995) show that (1) a student’s right to privacy is limited under certain conditions (2) prayer in public schools must be limited (3) racially segregated schools are unconstitutional (4) a student has no guaranteed rights while in school 37 One similarity in the policies of President Herbert Hoover and President Ronald Reagan is that both supported (1) a reduction of military spending (2) the end of Social Security (3) appointment of a woman to the Supreme Court (4) economic changes favoring big business 38 One similarity between President Jimmy Carter and President Bill Clinton is that both leaders (1) attempted to bring peace to the Middle East (2) supported the federal takeover of public education (3) testified under oath at United States Senate hearings (4) proposed treaties to limit trade with Latin America 39 “President Wilson Represents the United States at Versailles” “President Reagan Meets with Soviet President Gorbachev” “President Carter Negotiates Camp David Accords” Each headline illustrates a time when the president of the United States acted as (1) chief diplomat (2) chief legislator (3) commander in chief (4) head of a political party 40 President Jimmy Carter’s decision to pardon Vietnam War draft evaders who had fled to Canada is an example of the president’s role as (1) chief diplomat (2) head of party (3) chief executive (4) world leader 41 President Jimmy Carter’s decision to criticize South Africa’s apartheid policy and President Bill Clinton’s decision to send troops to Bosnia were both responses to (1) human rights abuses (2) civil wars (3) immigration policies (4) trade agreement violations Base your answer to this question on the conversation below and on your knowledge of social studies. Base your answer to this question on the letter below and on your knowledge of social studies. The President: Helmut! I am sitting in a meeting with members of our Congress and am calling at the end of this historic day to wish you well. Chancellor Kohl: Things are going very, very well. I am in Berlin. There were one million people here last night at the very spot where the Wall used to stand—and where President Reagan called on Mr. Gorbachev to open this gate. Words can’t describe the feeling. The weather is very nice and warm, fortunately. There were large crowds of young people. Eighty percent were under thirty. It was fantastic. . . . Source: Telephone conversation between Chancellor Helmut Kohl of Germany and President George H. W. Bush, October 3, 1990 42 This conversation is referring to the (1) start of the Berlin airlift (2) expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (3) end of the Cold War and reunification of Germany (4) signing of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and creation of the Hot Line 43 Which country’s 1979 revolution and subsequent hostage crisis cost Jimmy Carter his re-election as President? (1) Iraq (2) Iran (3) Afghanistan (4) Kuwait 44 When President Reagan invested in the Strategic Defense Initiative, also known as Star Wars, he was putting money towards (1) protecting the country from nuclear attack by the Soviet Union (2) building more nuclear weapons, especially missiles, to continue the arms race (3) peaceful coexistence with the Soviet Union (4) a better relationship with China 45 Which event is President George H. W. Bush referring to in this letter? (1) the bombing of Pearl Harbor during World War II (2) the military service of Japanese Americans during World War II (3) the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II (4) a ban on Japanese immigration to the United States after World War II 46 During the 1970s, the United States experienced a period when both unemployment and inflation rose. What is the economic term for this situation? (1) depression (2) recession (3) deflation (4) stagflation 47 “Grant Administration Caught Up in Credit Mobilier Controversy” “Harding’s Secretary of the Interior Indicted inTeapot Dome Investigation” “Iran-Contra Scandal Leads to Resignation of Reagan Advisor” Which conclusion can be drawn from these headlines? (1) American presidents are not subject to the nation’s laws. (2) Senate trials have been used to remove corrupt presidents. (3) Only Democratic presidents have been investigated for misdeeds. (4) Some presidents have been damaged by the actions of their aides. 48 Which action was a major foreign policy achievement of President Jimmy Carter? (1) settling the Suez crisis (2) withdrawing the United States from the Vietnam War (3) establishing improved relations with Iran (4) mediating the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel 49 President Ronald Reagan used the concept of supply-side economics when he proposed (1) reducing income taxes to stimulate growth (2) providing direct payments to people living in poverty (3) creating government jobs to keep people working (4) increasing regulations on business to promote competition 50 President Ronald Reagan asked Congress to lower tax rates on businesses and wealthy individuals in order to (1) encourage new economic investment (2) increase exports to Asia (3) impose limits on the money supply (4) preserve funds for social welfare programs