Download PQI Guide Spec 26 2200

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SECTION 262200 - LOW-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A.
1.2
Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
SUMMARY
A.
This Section includes the following types of dry-type transformers rated 600 V and less,
with capacities up to 1000 kVA:
1.
Distribution transformers.
a.
1.3
1.4
General purpose.
DEFINITIONS
A.
Linear Load: A load (i.e., a motor, incandescent lamp, resistor) that does not influence the
shape of the original sinusoidal current waveform but may change the relative timing
(phase angle) between the sinusoidal voltage and current waveform.
B.
Nonlinear Load: A load (i.e. rectifier, arc, motor drive, switch-mode power supply,
fluorescent lamp) that influences the shape of the current waveform resulting in a condition
in which total harmonic distortion of current (THDI) is greater than total harmonic
distortion of voltage (THDV). Because the current supplying a nonlinear load is interrupted
by a switching action, the current contains frequency components (harmonics) that are
multiples of the fundamental frequency.
C.
Total Harmonic Distortion of Current (THDi): A measure of the harmonic current
distortion present in a system or sub-system defined as the ratio of the sum of all harmonic
current frequency components to the fundamental current frequency component.
D.
Total Harmonic Distortion of Voltage (THDv): A measure of the harmonic voltage
distortion present in a system or sub-system defined as the ratio of the sum of all harmonic
voltage frequency components to the fundamental voltage frequency component.
MANDATORY BID PROCEDURES
A.
Based on the recommendations of The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and
Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), The American Institute of Architects (AIA),
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), U.S. Green Building
Council (USGBC) and the U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE); the bid price for each
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low voltage, dry-type transformer specified for this project must be identified (priced)
separately within the electrical bid and shall not be included in the bid pricing for other
electrical distribution equipment, i.e. panel boards, switchgear, etc., that falls under
Division 26 of the Standard AIA Specification Structure. If specified transformers are not
separately identified in the bid pricing then the entire bid will be disqualified.
1.
1.5
ACTION SUBMITTALS
A.
Product Data: Submit the following information for review and approval by the engineer
of record prior to delivery and installation of each transformer that is to be supplied for this
project.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
B.
Nameplate kVA rating.
Nominal Voltage rating, primary and secondary.
Winding configuration, primary and secondary.
Core and coil materials.
Taps, quantity and configuration.
Dimensions.
Weight.
Accessories.
Performance Characteristics:
a.
Frequency.
b.
Impedance.
c.
Insulation class.
d.
Temperature rise.
e.
Sound level.
f.
BIL rating.
g.
Inrush data.
h.
Accessories.
i.
Loss and efficiency data.
Shop Drawings: Detail equipment assemblies and indicate dimensions, weights, loads,
required clearances, method of field assembly, components, and location and size of each
field connection.
1.
1.6
Proposal Form: Refer to Division 00, Section 000300 “Proposal Form”. Submit
completed proposal form at time of bid with transformers priced separately from all
other electrical distribution equipment, i.e. panelboards, switchgear, circuit breakers,
etc. in such a manner that the transformers and/or other items in the bid may be
purchased separately.
Wiring Diagrams: Power, signal, and control wiring.
INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS
A.
Manufacturer Seismic Qualification Certification: Submit certification that transformers,
accessories, and components will withstand seismic forces defined in Section 260548
"Vibration and Seismic Controls for Electrical Systems." Include the following:
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1.
Basis for Certification: Indicate whether withstand certification is based on actual
test of assembled components or on calculation.
a.
2.
3.
B.
1.7
Field quality-control test reports.
Operation and Maintenance Data: For transformers to include in emergency, operation,
and maintenance manuals.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.
Manufacturer Qualifications:
1.
2.
1.9
Dimensioned Outline Drawings of Equipment Unit: Identify center of gravity and
locate and describe mounting and anchorage provisions.
Detailed description of equipment anchorage devices on which the certification is
based and their installation requirements.
CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS
A.
1.8
The term "withstand" means "the unit will remain in place without separation
of any parts from the device when subjected to the seismic forces specified and
the unit will be fully operational after the seismic event."
Transformer manufacturers proposing to submit a bid for ultra efficient transformers
shall have a minimum of fifteen years' experience in the design and manufacture of
ultra efficient transformers. Manufacturing experience in the design and
manufacture of general purpose transformers does not qualify.
Manufacturer shall be ISO 9001 certified.
B.
Source Limitations: Obtain each transformer type through one source from a single
manufacturer. Pricing for transformers must be provided separate from other distribution
system equipment and must be clearly listed on the bid form based on manufacturer.
C.
Electrical Components, Devices, and Accessories: Listed and labeled as defined in
NFPA 70, Article 100, by a testing agency acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction,
and marked for intended use.
D.
Comply with IEEE C57.12.91, "Test Code for Dry-Type Distribution and Power
Transformers."
DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A.
Temporary Heating: Apply temporary heat according to manufacturer's written
instructions within the enclosure of each ventilated-type unit, throughout periods during
which equipment is not energized and when transformer is not in a space that is
continuously under normal control of temperature and humidity.
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COORDINATION
A.
Coordinate size and location of concrete bases with actual transformer provided. Cast
anchor-bolt inserts into bases. Concrete, reinforcement, and formwork requirements are
specified with concrete.
B.
Coordinate installation of wall-mounting and structure-hanging supports with actual
transformer provided.
WARRANTY
A.
Manufacturer's Warranty: Manufacturer warrants that the product(s) delivered conforms
to the specifications and is free from defects in material and workmanship for the Warranty
Period(s) indicated below, pro-rated from the date of Substantial Completion, provided that
the product(s) have not been misused, abused, altered, neglected, improperly installed or
damaged.
B.
Warranty Period: Manufacturer agrees to repair or replace products that fail in materials
or workmanship within specified warranty period.
1.
Terms and Conditions
a.
C.
General Purpose - Ultra Efficient Transformers: Twenty (20) years pro-rated,
with standard limited liability clauses provided that the manufacturer
participates in and approves of the product application indicated on the
Construction Drawings.
Limit of Liability:
1.
Manufacturer’s overall liability is limited to the cost of the product or defective part.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
GENERAL TRANSFORMER REQUIREMENTS
A.
Description: Factory-assembled and -tested, air-cooled units for 60-Hz service.
B.
Cores:
1.
2.
3.
4.
C.
Three-phase, common core construction with one leg per phase.
Grain-oriented, non-aging silicon steel.
Anti-vibration pads shall be installed between the core and the enclosure.
All transformers112.5 kVA and above shall utilize a miter-cut core to achieve ultralow, no-load losses and the core shall be constructed with no more than three
laminations per vertical or horizontal group.
Coils: Continuous windings without splices except for taps.
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1.
2.
Internal Coil Connections: Brazed type.
Coil Material: Aluminum or Copper.
D.
Voltage Class: 1.2 kV.
E.
BIL Rating: 10 kV
F.
Magnetic Field: 0.1 Gauss at a maximum of 18 inches.
G.
Losses and Efficiency:
1.
Linear load losses and efficiency:
a.
b.
c.
2.
Linear losses and efficiency shall be determined in accordance with U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
requirements as defined in Energy, 10 CFR. §431, Subpart K, Appendix A
(2015) using the "Open Circuit and Short Circuit Test Method".
Manufacturers shall provide proof of compliance Type Tests for each
transformer type and kVA rating. Type Tests are required with each
submission.
Linear loss curves (0 percent to 100 percent full load) shall be provided for
each transformer type and kVA rating. Linear losses at 0 percent, 15 percent,
25 percent, 35 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent of full load shall
be easily identified on each transformer loss curve AND shall be identified
separately in table or other form to the nearest thousandth of a kilowatt (kW).
Linear efficiency curves (0 percent to 100 percent full load) shall be provided
for each transformer type and kVA rating. Linear efficiency ratings at 0
percent, 15 percent, 25 percent, 35 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, and 100
percent of full load shall be easily identified on each transformer efficiency
curve and shall be identified separately in table or other form to the nearest
one hundredth of one percent.
Nonlinear load losses and efficiency:
a.
Currently, there are no recognized standards for “measuring” transformer
losses and determining transformer efficiencies under nonlinear load
conditions. Therefore, nonlinear losses and efficiencies must be calculated in
accordance with IEEE Std. C57.110-2004, “IEEE Recommended Practice for
Establishing Transformer Capability When Supplying Nonsinusoidal Load
Currents”. Manufacturers shall provide proof of compliance calculations for
each transformer type and kVA rating. Calculations are required with each
submission.
1)
IEEE Std. C57.110-2004 enables any transformer manufacturer to
utilize the known linear losses and efficiencies of their transformers,
which must be obtained using the “Open Circuit and Short Circuit Test
Method”, defined in Energy, 10 CFR. §431, Subpart K, Appendix A
(2015), to calculate the nonlinear losses and efficiencies of those same
transformers under any “specific” nonlinear load condition. For the
purposes of this specification, a “specific” nonlinear load condition shall
be characterized by the transformer’s load level (as a percentage of
nameplate kVA rating), load K-Factor and FHL (Harmonic Loss
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2)
3)
b.
c.
2.2
Factor), load harmonic spectrum including harmonic magnitudes and
load %THDi.
Nonlinear load testing programs that incorporate the use of capacitors,
inductors, resistors, rectifiers, switch-mode power supplies or other
electronic loads in an effort to simulate perceived, real world nonlinear
load conditions in a controlled manufacturing environment are not
acceptable since (i.) these testing programs are unique to each
manufacturer, (ii.) non-duplicable due to source impedance variations at
each manufacturer’s facility and (iii.) highly inaccurate due to
significant and unavoidable loss measurement and calculated efficiency
errors that exist when using the "Power-In - Power-Out Method". As
documented by ANSI/IEEE, when using the "Power-In - Power-Out
Method" to determine input and output power characteristics, the loss
measurement error may exceed plus or minus 51.6 percent and
calculated efficiency error may exceed plus or minus 1.34 percent, even
when using synchronized, revenue class CTs, VTs and Wattmeters.
Additionally, nonlinear load testing programs receive no professional,
technical or governmental oversight since there are no recognized
nonlinear testing standards that can be used for reference. This
inevitably gives manufacturers the liberty to develop their own unique
testing protocols which cannot be compared and evaluated equally
against other manufacturers’ who may have completely different testing
protocols.
Nonlinear loss curves (0 percent to 100 percent full load) shall be provided for
each transformer type and kVA rating based on a “specific” nonlinear load
condition characterized by having a 35% of nameplate kVA load, UL 1561
load K-Factor of K13, load harmonic spectrum equal to [1st-1.0, 3rd-0.150,
5th-0.320, 7th-0.250, 9th-0.080, 11th-0.150, 13th-0.125, 15th-0.040] and
%THDi of 48.32%. Nonlinear losses at 0 percent, 15 percent, 25 percent, 35
percent, 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent of full load shall be easily
identified on each transformer loss curve AND shall be identified separately
in table or other form to the nearest thousandth of a kilowatt (kW).
Nonlinear efficiency curves (0 percent to 100 percent full load) shall be
provided for each transformer type and kVA rating based on the same
“specific” nonlinear load condition used to calculate nonlinear losses (refer
paragraph b. above). Nonlinear efficiency ratings at 0 percent, 15 percent, 25
percent, 35 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent and 100 percent of full load shall
be easily identified on each transformer efficiency curve AND shall be
identified separately in table or other form to the nearest one hundredth of one
percent.
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS
A.
General Purpose, Isolation Transformers for Medium K-Factor Loads (K-Factor Greater
Than 4.0 and Less Than or Equal to 13.0 and THDi Less Than or Equal to 40 percent):
1.
Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide Power
Quality International LLC, Type EY (Z3+), with 14.2% lower losses than required
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by Energy, CFR 10 §431.196(a)(2) (2015) or comparable product by one of the
following:
a.
b.
2.
General purpose transformer shall be fabricated according to the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
Schneider Electric
General Electric
CAN/CSA Std. C9-M1981.
CAN/CSA Std. C22.2 No. 47-M90.
CAN/CSA Std. C802.2.
ANSI C57.110.
NEMA ST-20.
Description:
a.
Single input, single output as indicated on the Drawings.
b.
Energy Efficiency: Low voltage, dry-type, general purpose, distribution
transformers shall be ultra-efficient (Z3+) as indicated on Drawings and
therefore must meet or exceed all of the following loss and energy efficiency
requirements:
1) Ultra-Efficient (Z3+), greater than DOE CSL 3 and less than DOE CSL 4:
a) 14.2% lower losses than Energy, CFR 10 §431.196(a)(2) (2015) under
35 percent linear load conditions
b) Maximum losses and minimum efficiency under linear load
conditions per Table 1 - Z3+ Linear, Ultra Efficient.
Table 1 - Z3+ Linear, Ultra Efficient
Max and Min Values for Losses and Efficiency for “Ultra Efficient” Transformers
Exceeding Energy, CFR 10 §431.196(a)(2) (2015) Efficiency Levels Under Linear Loading
kVA
Rating
No Load
35% Load
Full Load
Max Loss
(kW)
Min Eff.
(%)
Max Loss
(kW)
Min Eff.
(%)
Max Loss
(kW)
Min Eff.
(%)
15
0.047
0.00
0.094
98.25
0.428
97.22
30
0.079
0.00
0.158
98.52
0.723
97.65
45
0.107
0.00
0.214
98.66
0.980
97.87
75
0.157
0.00
0.313
98.82
1.436
98.12
112.5
0.213
0.00
0.426
98.93
1.951
98.30
150
0.262
0.00
0.525
99.01
2.405
98.42
225
0.358
0.00
0.715
99.10
3.277
98.56
300
0.445
0.00
0.889
99.16
4.075
98.66
500
0.652
0.00
1.305
99.26
5.977
98.82
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Table 1 - Z3+ Linear, Ultra Efficient
Max and Min Values for Losses and Efficiency for “Ultra Efficient” Transformers
Exceeding Energy, CFR 10 §431.196(a)(2) (2015) Efficiency Levels Under Linear Loading
kVA
Rating
No Load
35% Load
Full Load
Max Loss
(kW)
Min Eff.
(%)
Max Loss
(kW)
Min Eff.
(%)
Max Loss
(kW)
Min Eff.
(%)
750
0.885
0.00
1.771
99.33
8.112
98.93
1000
1.092
0.00
2.184
99.38
10.004
99.01
c)
d)
Nonlinear losses and efficiency shall be based on the following:
i.
UL 1561 load K-Factor: K13
ii.
Harmonic Spectrum:
1st (1.0), 3rd (0.150), 5th (0.320), 7th (0.250), 9th (0.080), 11th
(0.150), 13th (0.125), 15th (0.040).
iii.
THDi: 48.32%
Maximum losses and minimum efficiency per Table 2 - Z3+ Nonlinear,
Ultra-Efficient, based on the nonlinear load conditions stated in
paragraphs c) i., ii. and iii. above.
Table 2 - Z3+ Nonlinear, Ultra-Efficient
Max and Min Values for Losses and Efficiency for High Efficiency Transformers
Under K13 Nonlinear Loading [THDi: 48.32% , Harmonic Spectrum: 1st (1.0), 3rd (0.150), 5th
(0.320), 7th (0.250), 9th (0.080), 11th (0.150), 13th (0.125), 15th (0.040)]
No Load
35% Load
Full Load
kVA
Loss
(kW)
Eff.
(%)
Loss
(kW)
Eff.
(%)
Loss
(kW)
Eff.
(%)
15
0.047
0.00
0.104
98.07
0.575
96.31
30
0.079
0.00
0.179
98.32
1.034
96.67
45
0.107
0.00
0.248
98.45
1.475
96.83
75
0.157
0.00
0.365
98.63
2.193
97.16
112.5
0.213
0.00
0.506
98.73
3.110
97.31
150
0.262
0.00
0.627
98.82
3.887
97.47
225
0.358
0.00
0.861
98.92
5.393
97.66
300
0.445
0.00
1.108
98.96
7.252
97.64
500
0.652
0.00
1.643
99.07
10.904
97.87
c.
Configuration:
1)
2)
3)
4)
kVA Rating: As indicated on drawings.
Primary Voltage: 480 V.
Secondary Voltage: 208/120 V.
System Frequency: 60 Hz.
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5) Primary winding configuration shall be “Delta”. "Wye" connected
primary windings shall NOT be used.
6) Primary to Secondary Phase Shift: Minus 30 degrees.
7) Positive and negative sequence impedance at 60 Hz shall be 3 percent to
6 percent.
8) Neutral connection shall be rated at two times the ampacity of the
secondary phase current.
9) K-Factor Rating:
a) Increased K-Factor Rating: Transformers shall be K13 rated and must
comply with UL 1561 for nonsinusoidal load current-handling
capability to the degree defined by designated K-factor.
b) Unit shall not overheat when carrying full-load current with harmonic
distortion corresponding to designated K-factor.
c) Indicate value of K-factor on transformer nameplate.
B.
List and label as complying with UL 1561.
C.
Provide transformers that are constructed to withstand seismic forces specified in
Section 260548 "Vibration and Seismic Controls for Electrical Systems."
D.
Enclosure: Ventilated, NEMA 250, Type 1, Indoor (Standard) with unless otherwise
indicated on Drawings. Transformers shall be furnished without drip shields to minimize
width and depth.
1.
E.
Transformer Enclosure (Maximum) Dimensions
1.
2.
3.
F.
The front and back covers of the enclosure shall be securely fastened using zinc
plated, hexavalent chromium free, captive stainless-steel inserts and hex-head bolts.
The use of self-tapping screws to secure the front and back covers is not permitted.
300 kVA: 44”W x 36”D x (No Limit)”H
75 kVA: 30” x 24” x (No Limit)”H
30 kVA: 26” x 20” x (No Limit)”H
Transformer Enclosure Finish: Comply with NEMA 250.
1.
Finish Color: PQI White Powder Coat (standard).
G.
Taps for Transformers 15 kVA and Larger: Two 2.5 percent taps above and two 2.5 percent
taps below normal full capacity.
H.
Insulation Class: 220 deg C, UL-component-recognized insulation system with a
maximum of 115 deg C rise above 40 deg C ambient temperature unless otherwise
indicated on Drawings.
I.
Wall Brackets: Manufacturer's standard wall mounting brackets shall be provided where
indicated on Drawings.
J.
Low-Sound-Level Requirements:
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Maximum sound levels, when factory tested according to IEEE C57.12.91, as follows:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
M.
9 kVA and Less: 37 dBA
30 to 50 kVA: 42 dBA
51 to 150 kVA: 47 dBA
151 to 300 kVA: 50 dBA
301 to 500 kVA: 52 dBA
501 to 750 kVA: 57 dBA
751 to 1000 kVA: 59 dBA
Integrated Power and Performance Meter: Provide integrated power and performance
meter with the following features and benefits.
1.
General: Multifunctional power quality meter shall be flush mounted on the front
face of each transformer and shall provide continuous monitoring of each
transformer’s three phase, four wire secondary load.
a.
Meter shall measure voltage, current, real and reactive power, real and reactive
energy, current and power demand, power factor, frequency etc.
b.
I/O ports shall be provided for monitoring and controlling various functions
for specific applications.
c.
Programmable alarm set-points shall be available for users to set over/under
limit alarm parameters.
d.
Meter shall be accessible from master device such as local computer and PLC
via Modbus and Ethernet communication.
2.
Safety Certificate & Testing:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
3.
Meter shall be manufactured under an ISO9001 registered program.
Meter shall be UL and cUL listed, and CE marked.
Meter shall conform to IEC 61010-1, UL61010-1 and cUL61010-1 safety
standards.
Meter shall conform to emission compliance FCC Part 15 Subpart B, Class A,
EN 55011, EN50081-2, IEC 61000-4/ -2-3-4-5-6-8-11 standards.
Meter shall conform to the IEC 60068-02 environment standard and conform
to immunity standard EN 50082-2 for industrial environment.
Meter shall have an environmental tolerance rating of IP54 (NEMA 3)
Meter shall be able to store in -40°C to 85°C.
Meter (including LCD screen) shall be able to operate from -2°C to 75°C.
Meter shall have a dielectric strength of 2500 Vac for 1 minute to voltage input
and shall withstand 1500 Vac continuously.
Meter shall accept input voltage range of 400 Vac L-N and 690 Vac L-L.
Meter shall have an isolation voltage rating of 3000 Vac for mechanical relay
output and 2500 Vac for digital output.
Meter shall be able to withstand fault current at 100A rms for 1 second and
shall withstand 20A rms continuously.
Meter shall accept universal power for control power supply input.
Meter shall provide optional low voltage DC power for control power supply
input.
Metering and Monitoring
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Meter shall be panel mount design and shall be able to fit into a DIN 43700
(92mm x 92mm square hole) or ANSI C39.1 (4-inch round hole) cutting
standard.
Meter front shall not exceed 96mm x 96mm in size when mounted on panel.
Meter shall have the option for standard 35mm DIN rail mount.
Meter shall include integrated display and control keys on the front panel of
the meter for programming settings and viewing real-time measurements.
Integrated display shall be a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with backlight to
clearly display measurement readings.
Meter shall provide indication signal such as flashing LCD backlight upon
alarm conditions.
Meter shall be able to display all measured values on demand using the control
keys on meters front panel.
Meter shall provide a true RMS measuring of VAN, VBN, VCN, VAB, VBC,
VCA, IA, IB, IC, IN, voltage/current unbalance, power factor, line frequency,
individual harmonics for voltage/current, THD, kW, kvars, kVA, import and
export kWh/kvarh, kVAh, and demand readings for current and power.
Maximum and minimum values of measured quantities shall also be recorded
and date/time stamped.
Meter shall accept input current range of up to 10 Aac.
Meter shall support current input options of 333mV, RCT or mA for use with
333mV output CT's, Rogowski coil CT's and 80/100/200mA output CT's.
Meter shall be able to provide demand metering for current and power.
Demand shall be programmable either using Thermal or Sliding Window
method with the demand interval from 1 to 30 minutes (increment of 1 min).
Following measurement range, minimum resolution and full scale accuracy
for the monitored parameters shall be provided:
Parameters
Accuracy Resolution
Range
Voltage
0.2%
0.1V
10V~500kV
Current
0.2%
0.1mA
5mA~50000A
Power
0.2%
1W
-9999MW~9999MW
Reactive Power
0.2%
1 Var
-9999MVar~9999MVar
Apparent Power
0.2%
1 VA
0~9999MVA
Power Demand
0.2%
1W
-9999MW~9999MW
Reactive Power Demand
0.2%
1 Var
-9999MVar~9999MVar
Apparent Power Demand
0.2%
1 VA
0~9999MVA
Power Factor
0.2%
0.001
-1.000~1.000
Frequency
0.2%
0.01Hz 45.00~65.00Hz
300-500Hz (400Hz
Primary
0.2S
0.1kWh 0-99999999.9kWh
Energy
Secondary
0.2S
0.001 kWh type)
0-999999.999kWh
0.2S
0.1 kvarh 0-99999999.9kVarh
Reactive Energy Primary
Secondary
0.2S
0.001 kvarh 0-999999.999kVarh
Primary
0.2S
0.1 kVAh 0-99999999.9kVAh
Apparent Energy
Secondary
0.2S
0.001 kVAh 0-999999.999kVAh
Harmonics
2.0%
0.1%
0.0%~1 00.0%
Phase Angle
2.0%
0.1°
0.0°~359.9°
Unbalance Factor
2.0%
0.1%
0.0%~1 00.0%
Running Time
0.01h
0~9999999.99h
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4.
Power Quality Analysis:
a.
b.
c.
5.
Module Design:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
Power analysis features shall include individual voltage/current harmonic
spectrum display (through the 63rd harmonic with odd, even and total
harmonic distortion), THFF, voltage/current unbalance factor, voltage crest
factor and current K factor.
Meter shall be capable of providing sequence of events (SOE) log with a
resolution of 2ms.
Meter shall automatically generate log for maximum/minimum measurement
parameter value. Events shall be recorded with time stamps and shall be stored
in the meter.
Meter shall have modules option for flexible and easy function expansion
Ethernet module shall be provided for Ethernet communication and for internet
access.
Profibus module shall be available for direct connection to PLCs.
IO modules shall be available to support digital input, digital output, pulse
output, relay output, analog input and analog output functions.
Maximum of 3 modules and 2 same I/O modules shall be used for one meter.
Input/Outputs:
a.
Meter shall have input and output modules available for control and transducer
functions:
1) Maximum of 18 digital inputs (DI) shall be available for monitoring
electrical switches status, recording SOE and for counting pulses.
2) Maximum of 4 mechanical relay outputs (RO) shall be available for
over/under limit alarm and for electrical switch control. RO shall be able
to use current and power demand values for load shedding control.
3) Maximum of 4 digital outputs (DO) shall be available for over/under limit
alarm and for real/reactive energy pulse output.
4) Maximum of 4 analog outputs (AO) with either current option (4(0)20mA) or voltage option (1(0)-5V) shall be available to work as a
multifunction and smart transducer.
5) Maximum of 4 analog inputs (AI) with either current option (4(0)-20mA)
or voltage option (1(0)-5V) shall be available to digitize analog signals
from non-electrical signal transducers. Digital representation can be used
in downstream control centers.
7.
Alarming:
a.
b.
c.
User shall be able to set over/under limit alarm conditions for all measured
quantities. These include frequency, phase voltage, line voltage, current,
real/reactive/apparent power, voltage/current unbalance, power factor, power
demand, etc…
Meter shall automatically generate log for over/under limit alarm events.
Events records with time stamp shall be stored in the meter.
Alarming time delay tolerance shall be ±20%.
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8.
Communication:
a.
b.
Meter shall be able to work as a remote terminal unit (RTU).
Meter shall be able to communicate using Modbus-RTU protocol over RS485
communication ports at baud rate up to 38400 bps. Through the use of
communication, user shall be able to read/write set-points, read actual values,
execute commands and access the meter remotely.
1) Meter shall be able to connect to local computer with a USB/RS485 or
RS232/RS485 converter.
2) Maximum of 32 meters shall be able to connect on the same RS485 serial
communication network (daisy chain).
c.
Meter shall support Ethernet communication through Modbus-TCP protocol.
1)
d.
Through the use of Ethernet module, meter shall be able to communicate
over Local Area Network (LAN) using TCP/IP. The module shall
support both 10M and 100M connections.
2)
Ethernet module shall support both Modbus-TCP and HTTP protocol.
3)
Meter with Ethernet module shall be capable to act as a HTTP server.
4)
Ethernet module shall support SMTP protocol for email function.
5)
HTTP server shall send email to selected users when alarm triggers or
according to the preset time interval.
6)
Ethernet module shall support HTTP Push function for pushing meter's
data to a HTTP server.
7)
Meter with Ethernet module shall support SNTP protocol for
synchronizing meter time to a time server.
Meter shall support Profibus-DP/V0 communication protocol.
1)
9.
Data Logging Software
a.
b.
c.
2.3
Meter shall support dual communication (serial communication through
Modbus-RTU and Ethernet or Profibus communication) and shall be
able to communicate to master devices such as local computer and PLC
using the two methods at the same time.
Power quality analysis software shall be available to provide means to monitor
meter’s real-time parameter with a computer at a remote location and to
perform data logging and recording.
Parameters such as VAN, VBN, VCN, VAB, VBC, VCA, IA, IB, IC, IN,
voltage/current unbalance, power factor, line frequency, individual harmonics
for voltage/current, THD, kW, kvars, kVA, import and export
kWh/kvarh, kVAh, and demand readings for current and power shall be
recorded into an Excel spreadsheet.
Up to 128 meters shall be monitored using data logging software.
IDENTIFICATION DEVICES
A.
Manufacturer’s Nameplates: Nameplates (minimum of two required) for each distribution
transformer shall be permanently affixed to the left and right side of each transformer
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enclosure so that the transformer remains permanently identified when front or back covers
are removed. The placement of a single manufacturer nameplate on the front cover of the
enclosure is unacceptable.
B.
2.4
Identification Nameplates: Engraved, laminated-plastic or metal nameplate for each
distribution transformer shall be used to identify the transformer name, kVA rating, source
name, load name and feeder size for both primary and secondary. Nameplates and label
products are specified in Section 260553 "Identification for Electrical Systems."
SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
A.
Test and inspect transformers according to IEEE C57.12.91.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1
3.2
EXAMINATION
A.
Examine conditions for compliance with enclosure- and ambient-temperature requirements
for each transformer.
B.
Verify that field measurements are as needed to maintain working clearances required by
NFPA 70 and manufacturer's written instructions.
C.
Examine walls, floors, roofs, and concrete bases for suitable mounting conditions where
transformers will be installed.
D.
Verify that ground connections are in place and requirements in Section 260526
"Grounding and Bonding for Electrical Systems" have been met. Maximum ground
resistance shall be 5 ohms at location of transformer.
E.
Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
INSTALLATION
A.
Install wall-mounted transformers level and plumb with wall brackets fabricated by
transformer manufacturer.
1.
B.
Brace wall-mounted transformers as specified in Section 260548 "Vibration and
Seismic Controls for Electrical Systems."
Construct concrete bases and anchor floor-mounted transformers according to
manufacturer's written instructions, seismic codes applicable to Project, and requirements
in Section 260529 "Hangers and Supports for Electrical Systems."
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3.3
3.4
Project Name
Project Address
CONNECTIONS
A.
Ground equipment according to Section 260526 "Grounding and Bonding for Electrical
Systems."
B.
Connect wiring according to Section 260519 "Low-Voltage Electrical Power Conductors
and Cables."
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A.
Perform tests and inspections and prepare test reports.
B.
Tests and Inspections:
1.
3.5
3.6
Perform each visual and mechanical inspection and electrical test stated in NETA
Acceptance Testing Specification. Certify compliance with test parameters.
C.
Remove and replace units that do not pass tests or inspections and retest as specified above.
D.
Test Labeling: On completion of satisfactory testing of each unit, attach a dated and signed
"Satisfactory Test" label to tested component.
ADJUSTING
A.
Record transformer secondary voltage at each unit for at least 48 hours of typical
occupancy period. Adjust transformer taps to provide optimum voltage conditions at
secondary terminals. Optimum is defined as not exceeding nameplate voltage plus 10
percent and not being lower than nameplate voltage minus 3 percent at maximum load
conditions. Submit recording and tap settings as test results.
B.
Output Settings Report: Prepare a written report recording output voltages and tap settings.
CLEANING
A.
Vacuum dirt and debris; do not use compressed air to assist in cleaning.
END OF SECTION 262200
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