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Science Study Guide
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The sudden movement of plates on Earth’s crust is called an earthquake.
Melted rock that flows out of a volcano is lava,
The deepest and hottest layer of Earth, located at its center, is called the core.
The slow process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces is called weathering.
A natural feature of land is a landform.
Melted rock inside Earth’s mantle and crust is magma.
The movement of weathered rock, sometimes caused by moving water or wind is
called erosion.
8. The layer below Earth’s crust is the mantle.
9. A mountain that builds up around an opening in Earth’s crust is called a volcano.
10. Earth’s outermost layer on which the continents are located is called Earth’s crust.
11. What are the seven great areas of land on Earth called? Continents
12. Which of the following can suddenly change the land on Earth? Earthquake
13. Water, wind, and glaciers can cause erosion.
14. An epic movement of rocks and soil down a hill is called a landslide.
15. This is the layer just below Earth’s crust. Mantle
16. This is the hottest and deepest layer of Earth. Core
17. This is Earth’s thinnest and coolest layer. Crust
18. A resource that can be used over and over is a renewable resource.
19. Tiny bits of rock or dead plant and animal matter is called sediment.
20. A rock that is formed from layers of sediment is called a sedimentary rock.
21. Harmful things in the air cause pollution.
22. A material on Earth that is necessary or useful to people is a natural resource.
23. Energy from the sun is called solar energy.
24. A resource that takes millions of years to form and cannot be easily replaced is a
nonrenewable resource.
25. Which mineral property is identified by the color of the powder left behind when
it is rubbed across a surface? Streak.
26. What are the impressions that living things leave behind in the mud called?
Imprints.
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1. A __________Cloud________________ is a collection of tiny water drops of ice
crystals in the air.
2. Snow, sleet, and rain are examples of
____precipitation______________________..
3. Water moves from Earth’s surface into the atmosphere and back again into the
atmosphere and back again in a process called the __water
cycle__________________.
4. Times of the year with different weather patterns are
__seasons__________________.
5. A funnel cloud is a distinct characteristic of a ___tornado_________________.
6. When a ___hurricane___________________ moves from the ocean onto land, its
strong winds and heavy rains can cause severe damage.
7. A hot, glowing ball of gases is a ___star____________.
8. To _revolve___________ means to move around another object.
9. The moon has eight main _phases_______________.
10. A pattern or picture outlined by stars in called a
_____constellation___________________.
11. The Moon has many _____craters_______________ formed by rocks crashing
into its surface.
12. An ___orbit_________________ is the regular path the Earth travels on around
the sun.
13. The Earth __rotates___________ or spins in space.
14. A real or imaginary line through the center of a spinning object is called its
____axis_______.
15. The planets are part of our __solar system________________.
16. .A ___planet_________________ is a large body of rock or gas that revolves
around a star.
Know the following facts
17. Where do hurricanes form? Over Oceans
18. A barometer measures air pressure.
19. What is precipitation? Water that falls to the ground from the atmosphere.
20. A powerful storm that forms over land and looks like a funnel is a tornado.
21. It is raining outside and the temperature has suddenly dropped to 25 degrees
Fahrenheit. What do you think will happen and why?
The rain will probably change to snow. Once the temperature drops below the freezing
level of 32 degrees, the precipitation will turn to snow.
22. The temperature outside is 80 degrees at 6:00 P.M. Will the temperature rise or
drop by 10:00 P.M.?
The temperature will drop because by that time in the evening the Sun will have set.
Without the Sun’s energy the air temperature cools.
23. Explain what a tornado is.
A tornado is a small powerful storm that forms over land. It looks like a big, tall funnel.
Tornados can be very destructive. Tornados have powerful winds that move in a circle.
24. The equator is the imaginary circle around the middle of Earth. The North Pole
and South Pole are located closest to Earth’s axis. Would a location near the
equator receive warmer weather or colder weather than a location near the North
and South Pole? Explain your answer.
A location near the equator would be warmer than one near the North or South Poles. The
Sun’s ray strike directly on a locations near or on the equator.
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25. Although stars are always present in the sky, why is it that people cannot see them
during the day? People cannot see stars during the day because the Sun’s bright
light blocks the stars’ light from out view.