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Mesopotamia “between the rivers” CIVILIZATION CAUSE EFFECT Farming and Domestication Reliable Food Source Reliable Food Source Food Surplus Larger Populations Permanent Settlements Food Surplus Division of labor (artisans) CIVILIZATION Location’s everything -Tigris and Euphrates Rivers - Iraq • Why is this area known as the Fertile Crescent? Map Location’s everything -Tigris and Euphrates Rivers - Iraq • Why is this area known as the Fertile Crescent? - Rich soil (silt) Challenges • What were some of the challenges man had to deal with in order to settle this area? - dry - flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers • How did man solve these problems? - Irrigation and drainage ditches Who were the people that made up Mesopotamia? • 3 groups - Assyrians (Assyria) - Akkadians (Akkadia) - Sumerians (Sumer) Sumerian Society • Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E • City -states • What are some characteristics of Sumerian cities? - Walls • What was the role of the ziggurat in Sumerian society? - Store food and crafts - Place of religious worship for priests/priestesses - Symbol of government - Defensive towers - Mud brick structures - Ziggurats Sumerian Society • Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E • City -states • Theocracy Sumerian Religion • What type of religion did the Sumerians practice? - Polytheistic • What are some characteristics of their religion? - Natural events the result of gods and goddesses - Humans inferior - Gods and goddesses own cities Sumerian Society • Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E • City -states • Theocracy • Class system Gods and Goddesses Nobles Royals, priests, priestess Commoners Farmers, Merchants, Artisans Slaves Divine right Sumerian Society • Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E • City -states • Theocracy • Class system • Creativity • Writing: - cuneiform • Inventions: - Wagon wheel - Potter’s wheel - Sundial - Arch - Bronze - Number system based on 60 • How did the invention of the wheel affect society? - More trade Sumerian Society • Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E • City -states • Theocracy • Class system • Creativity • Trade Economy Import Export Copper and tin Metal goods Timber Fish, wool, wheat, barley From city-states to empires Akkadian Empire (2340 – 2100 B.C.E ) • Sargon takes the Sumerian city-states Babylonian Empire (1792 B.C.E) • Hammurabi takes Akkad and Sumer • codified law “Code of Hammurabi” The Code of Hammurabi • Principle of retaliation “eye for an eye” • Punishment varied according to social class • Consumer protection laws • Patriarchal