Download lipid-chemistry-23-nov-by-dr-ashutosh-bajpai

Dr ashutosh bajpai
Mbbs md
Ims bhu
Definition
Classification
Biological
importance
Definition
Organic substances relatively insoluble
in water but soluble in organic solvents
like chloroform, ether and benzene
Storage form
of energy
Structural
component
of cell
membrane.
Precursor of
many steroid
hormones,
vitamin D
Act as
thermal
insulator
Protection of
internal
organs
Helps in
absorption
of fat soluble
vitamins
Lipoproteins
transporting
lipids
Fats serve as
surfactants
by reducing
surface
tension.
Improve
taste and
palatability.
Acts as
electric
insulators in
neurons.
Simple lipid
Compound
lipid
Derived
lipids
Lipids
complexed
to
other
compounds
Neutral fats or oils
Waxes
Alcohol is
GLYCEROL
Alcohol is
other than
glycerol
Uncharged
Packing of fatty acids
Esters of FA with
higher molecular
weight
monohydric
alcohols
EXAMPLES
 Lanolin
 Beeswax
 Whale sperm oil
Subclassified according to the type of prosthetic group
Phospholipids
Glycosphingolipids
Sulpholipids
FA + ALCOHOL + PHOSPHORIC ACID
They
frequently
have
nitrogen
containing
bases
Phospholipids
may be
classified on the
basis of the
type of alcohol
present
A. Glycerophospholipids
 Phosphatidylcholine
 Phosphatidyl
ethanolamine
 Phosphatidyl serine
 Phosphatidyl inositol
 Plasmalogens
 Cardiolipins
B. Spingophospholipids
 Spingomyelins
A. Glycerophospholipids
Clinical aspects
•L:S ratio is a marker of lung maturity
•L:S ratio >2 indicates fetal lung is mature
•L:S ratio <1.5 associated with high risk of infant RDS
•L:S ratio is 1 till 32 weeks of gestation
•Performed on amniotic fluid sample which is collected via amniocentesis
•TLC differentiates between lecithin and sphingomyelin
•liposome
FA + ALCOHOL[SPHINGOSINE] +CARBOHYDRATE
WITH NITROGEN BASE
Example
Cerebrosides
Globosides
Gangliosides
Clinical aspects
Lysosomal storage disorder
GM3
The specificities of phospholipases
Lipid with
prosthetic
group PROTEIN
Chylomicrons
Very low density lipoprotein
(VLDL)
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
High density lipoprotein (HDL)
Example
Fatty acids
Steroids
Cholesterol
Vitamin A
and D