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5-1 Darwin’s Voyage __________________________ Notes Name What is evolution? Evolution is a ________________ in a __________________ over time. Ways evolution can occur: 1. Mutations 2. Adaptations 3. Natural selection Mutations 1. _________________ changes because of a _______________ in the DNA code 2. may be ______________ or harmful 3. helpful mutations _______________ the species’ ability to survive 4. ______________________ mutations may decrease or have no effect on the species ability to survive. Adaptations 1. Adaptations are ______________ that help an organism __________________. 2. Example: ______________________________________ Natural Selection 1. The __________________ and ______________________ of the individuals in a population that exhibit the traits that are ____________________ suited for their environment. 2. A.K.A.: “Survival of the Fittest” 3. Concept originated with ____________________________________ Factors that influence the process of Natural Selection: 1. Overproduction 2. Competition 3. Variations Overproduction 1. Producing more ___________________ than can _____________________ 2. Example: Dandelions overproduce their seeds to assure that at least some seeds will survive Competition 1. Offspring must _________________ with each other to survive 2. Usually indirectly, example: turtles may fail to find enough to eat Variations 1. There are small variations or ____________________ among members of the same species 2. _____________________ increase the amount of variations 3. Makes certain individuals better __________________ to their environment because of the helpful traits they possess Over a long period of time, ______________________________ can lead to _________________________. Helpful variations gradually accumulate in a species, while unfavorable ones _________________________. Isolation 1. Occurs when some members of a species are ________________________ from the rest of the species 2. A new species forms when individuals remain ____________________________ long enough to evolve new traits 3. Geographic isolation has occurred in the past because of _____________________________________________