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Transcript
Mendelian Genetics Group Review 1. Describe Mendel’s laws of Dominance, Segregation, and Independent Assortment. Connect segregation and independent assortment to events in meiosis. 2. Explain the difference between dominant and recessive alleles. Provide an example of a simple dominant-recessive inheritance pattern. 3. Explain the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance. Provide examples of each. 4. Explain the phenomena of gene-linkage and sex-linked traits and give examples of each. 5. Explain polygenic inheritance patterns, how polygenic traits can be identified, and give an example of a polygenic trait in the human population. 6. What is the difference between an autosomal dominant and an autosomal recessive genetic disease? 7. Explain how sex determination is accomplished in mammals, and describe two sex chromosomal abnormalities and how they affect the organism. 8. Explain how an organism's phenotype is dependent on its genetics and its environment. 9. Explain how natural selection works directly on the phenotype (not genotype) of the organism. 10. Describe what sex-linked traits are. Give examples of problems involving sex-linked traits. 11. Be able to determine genotype and gamete probabilities. What is the probability of parents with genotypes AaBb and AABb having an offspring with genotype AABB? 12. Be able to do problems with blood typing. 13. In pea plants, smooth seeds are dominant to wrinkled, and purple flowers are dominant to white. In a dihybrid cross where a 9:3:3:1 ratio is expected, the following data was collected. Smooth and Purple= 223, Smooth and White= 84, Wrinkled and Purple= 89, Wrinkled and White= 33. Determine the chi-square value. 14. The following data were collected from a population of fruit flies. In this monohybrid cross where red eyes are dominant to white, determine the chi square value. Phenotype Red Eyes White Eyes # flies observed 140 60 15. When yellow (dominant) guinea pigs are crossed with white ones, they always produce cream colored offspring. What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring from two cream colored guinea pigs? 16. Dimples are inherited as a simple dominant gene. A dimpled man whose mother has no dimples, marries a woman with no dimples. What is the chance that they will have a child with no dimples? 17. Brown-spotted teeth in humans is due to a dominant sex-linked trait. What percent of the children would you expect to have spotted teeth when a man with spotted teeth marries a woman with normal white teeth? 18. The shape and color of radishes are controlled by two independent pairs of alleles. The color may be red (RR), purple (Rr), or white (rr), and the shape may be long (LL), oval (Ll), or round (ll). Using the Punnett square, diagram a cross between red, long radishes (RRLL) and white, short radishes (rrll). What percent of the F2 generation should have red and oval fruit?