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OIE Collaborating Centre Reports Activities in 2012 Title of Collaborating Centre: 1. Collaborating Centre for Wildlife Surveillance and Monitoring, Epidemiology and Management (CCWHC) 2. Collaborating Centre for Research and Diagnosis of Emerging and Existing Pathogens of Wildlife (NWHC) [Referred to collectively as the Collaborating Centre on Research, Diagnosis and Surveillance of Wildlife Pathogens] Address of Collaborating Centre: 1. CCWHC, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4 Canada 2. National Wildlife Health Center US Geological Survey US Department of Interior 6006 Schroeder Road Madison, Wisconsin, WI 53711 USA Tel./FAX 1. (+1) 306 966 7281 / (+1) 306 966 7387 2. (+1) 608 270 2401 / (+1) 608 270 2415 e-mail address: 1. [email protected] www.ccwhc.ca www.healthywildlife.ca 2. [email protected] www.nwhc.usgs.gov/ Name of Director of Institute 1. Frederick (Ted) A. Leighton (Responsible Official): 2. Jonathan M. Sleeman OIE Contact Point Frederick (Ted) A. Leighton Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 1 Research, Diagnosis and Surveillance of Wildlife Pathogens Summary of activities specifically related to the mandate of OIE Collaborating Centres 1. Activities as a centre of research, expertise, standardisation and dissemination of techniques within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE NWHC Developed a new real-time PCR with enhanced sensitivity and specificity for detecting Geomyces destructans (white-nose syndrome) on bats and in environmental samples, and provided early access of procedures and associated qualification data to CCWHC staff. Collaborated with the Snaefellsnes Research Centre, University of Iceland, Stykkishólmur, Iceland and the Reykjanes Environmental Research Institute, Sandgerdi, Iceland, to investigate the hypothesis that migratory avian species in the North Atlantic region could be involved in the transmission of avian influenza viruses between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. CCWHC Canada’s Response to White Nose Syndrome (WNS) in Bats: Workshop for Canadian and US scientists to establish action plans for response and management to WNS. October 16-18 2012, Ottawa. Development and assessment of animal welfare standards in the harvest of wild animals. Collaboration with Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Wildlife Disease Surveillance in Japan – visit by Dr Mutsuyo Kadohira, Farm Animal Disease Control Section, Field Center of Animal Science and Agriculture, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine to learn structure and function of the CCWHC national wildlife disease surveillance program. Provision of wildlife health data management technology and services to wildlife health centres in The Netherlands (1) and the United States (2). 2. Proposal or development of any procedure that will facilitate harmonisation of international regulations applicable to the surveillance and control of animal diseases, food safety or animal welfare 3. Networking a) Maintenance of a network with other OIE Collaborating Centres designated for the same specialty, and 2 Both Collaborating Centres are participating in establishing a structure and communication plan between Canada and the United States for harmonization of activities to management of White Nose Syndrome of bats. Both Centres are maintaining their collaborative relationship as a combined OIE Collaborating Centre for wildlife health in the Americans Region. Some key features of this collaboration in 2012 were o Co-instruction of the Workshop for OIE National Focal Points on Wildlife: Surveillance and International Reporting of Diseases in Wildlife in Bulgaria and Sri Lanka. o Collaborations on research on avian influenza and white nose syndrome of bats. Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 Research, Diagnosis and Surveillance of Wildlife Pathogens o o b) Collaboration on development of a national wildlife health network in the United States. Drs. Leighton and Sleeman are in regular contact regarding wildlife diseases issues germane to the USA and Canada as well as to discuss operation of the Collaborating Centre Consortium. Should the need arise, maintenance of a network with Collaborating Centres in other disciplines NWHC 4. Dr. Jonathan Sleeman has been in regular contact with the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health. Placement of expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE CCWHC 5. Dr. Ted Leighton, Executive Director of the CCWHC, is a member of the Working Group on Wildlife Diseases of the OIE. Provision of scientific and technical training, within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE, to personnel from OIE Member Countries NWHC Dr. Daniel Walsh represented the USGS National Wildlife Health Center at the Workshop for OIE National Focal Points on Wildlife: Surveillance and International Reporting of Diseases in Wildlife for the European region held in Prevetz, Bulgaria during January 2012. Dr. Walsh served as one of the instructors for the workshop whose purpose was to increase national capacity to conduct surveillance and reporting of wildlife diseases. The workshop was well attended with over 50 countries represented. Dr. Jonathan Sleeman represented the USGS National Wildlife Health Center at the Workshop for OIE National Focal Points on Wildlife: Surveillance and International Reporting of Diseases in Wildlife for the Asia region held in Colombo, Sri Lanka during April, 2012. Dr. Walsh served as one of the instructors for the workshop whose purpose was to increase national capacity to conduct surveillance and reporting of wildlife diseases. The workshop was well attended with over 50 countries represented. Dr. Thierry Work lectured on wildlife disease investigation techniques at Universidad de San Luis Potosi, Mexico during February 2012. CCWHC Dr. Ted Leighton organized and participated in the teaching of the Workshop for OIE National Focal Points on Wildlife: Surveillance and International Reporting of Diseases in Wildlife in Bulgaria in January and in Sri Lanka in April. Dr Asha Perera served as an instructor for the Workshop for OIE National Focal Points on Wildlife: Surveillance and International Reporting of Diseases in Wildlife in Sri Lanka in April 2012. Workshop on Capacity Development in Wildlife Health in Low and Middle Income Countries (Lyon, France, 23 July 2012). Designed, organized and managed by Drs. Ted Leighton and Sophie Valeix for the Wildlife Disease Association. Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 3 Research, Diagnosis and Surveillance of Wildlife Pathogens 6. Workshop for Wildlife Health Professionals – 2 days of continuing education with Canadian and US participants. 21-22 February 2012. Organized and managed by the CCWHC. Organisation of scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE Not applicable. 7. Coordination of scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories, organisations or collaborating centres Not applicable. 8. Publication and dissemination of any information within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE that may be useful to Member Countries of the OIE NWHC ABBOTT, RC, JE Osorio, CM BUNCK, TE ROCKE. Sylvatic Plague Vaccine: A New Tool for Conservation of Threatened and Endangered Species? EcoHealth doi: 10.1007/s10393-012-0783-5. Anthony, S.J., J.A. St. Leger, K. Pugliares, H.S. IP, J.M. Chan, Z.W. Carpenter, I. NavaretteMacias, M. Sanchez-Leon, J.T. Saliki, J. Pedersen, W. Karesh, P. Daszak, R. Rabadan, T. Rowles, W.I. Lipkin. 2012. Emergence of fatal avian influenza in New England harbor seals. mBio 3(4):e00166-12. BLEHERT, D.S. 2012. Fungal disease and the developing story of bat white-nose syndrome. PLoS Pathogens 8(7):e1002779 BODENSTEIN, B. 2012. USGS National Wildlife Health Center Mortality Report. Newsletter of the Wildlife Disease Association, January 2012, 10-11. BODENSTEIN, B. 2012. USGS National Wildlife Health Center Mortality Report. Newsletter of the Wildlife Disease Association, January 2012, 10-11. BRADSBY, J, A BALLMANN, CL WHITE, B BODENSTEIN. 2011. National Wildlife Health Center’s Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report. Newsletter of the Wildlife Disease Association, October 2010, 9-11 Bradshaw, CJA, McMahon, C. R., Miller, P. S., Lacy, R. C., Watts, M. J., VERANT, M. L., Pollak, J. P., Fordham, D. A., Prowse, T. A. A. and Brook, B. W. (2011), Novel coupling of individualbased epidemiological and demographic models predicts realistic dynamics of tuberculosis in alien buffalo. Journal of Applied Ecology. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02081.x Bright, P.R., Buxton, H.T., Balistrieri, L.S., Barber, L.B., Chapelle, F.H., Cross, P.C., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Plumlee, G.S., SLEEMAN, J.M., Tillitt, D.E., Toccalino, P.L., and Winton, J.R., 2012, USGS Environmental health science strategy—Providing environmental health science for a changing world—Public review release: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1069, 37 p. DUSEK, RJ, JS HALL, SW NASHOLD, JL TESLAA, HS IP. Evaluation of Nobuto Filter paper Strips for the Detection of Avian Influenza Virus Antibody in Waterfowl. Avian Diseases. 55:674676. 4 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 Research, Diagnosis and Surveillance of Wildlife Pathogens DUSEK, R.J., W.M. Iko, and E.J. HOFMEISTER 2012. Prevalence and effects of West Nile virus on wild American kestrel (Falco sparverius) populations in Colorado. Pages 45-54 in E. Paul, editor. Emerging avian disease: Studies in Avian Biology (vol 42), University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. HALL, J. S., S. NASHOLD, and J. TESLAA. 2011. Swine influenza's promiscuous past, present, and future. Pages 103-111 in S. K. Majumdar, F. J. Brenner, J. E. Huffman, R.G. McLean, A. I. Panah, P. J. Pietrobon, S. P. Keeler, and S. Shive, editors. Pandemic Influenza Virus: Science, Surveillance and Public Health. The Pennsylvania Academy of Science, Easton, Pennsylvania, USA. Henaux, V, MD Samuel, RJ DUSEK, JP Fleskes, HS IP. Presence of Avian influenza Viruses in Waterfowl and Wetlands during Summer 2010 in California: Are Resident Birds a Potential Reservoir? PLoS ONE 7(2): e31471. Hernandez, S.M., K. Keel, S. Sanchez, E. Trees, P. Gerner-Smidt, J.K. Adams, Y. Cheng, A. Ray 3rd, G. Martin, A. Presotto, M.G. Ruder, J. Brown, D.S. BLEHERT, W. Cottrell, and J.J. Maurer. 2012. The epidemiology of Salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain associated with a songbird outbreak. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol 78, Issue 20. 79: 7290-7298. HOFMEISTER, E, G MOEDE ROGALL, K WESENBERG, R ABBOTT, T WORK, K SCHULER, J Winton, J SLEEMAN. Climate Change and Wildlife Health: Direct and Indirect Effects Fact Sheet. 2010-3017, Revised 2012. IP, HS, RJ DUSEK, DM HEISEY. 2012. The Effect of Swab Sample Choice on the Detection of Avian Influenza in Apparently Healthy Wild Ducks. Avian Diseases 56:114-119. Lam, TT-H, HS IP, E Ghedin, DE Wentworth, RA Halpin, TB Stockwell, DJ Spiro, RJ DUSEK, JB Bortner, J Hoskins, BD Bales, DR Yparraguirre, EC Holmes. Migratory flyway and geographical distance are barriers to the gene flow of influenza virus among North American birds. Ecology Letters. (2012) 15: 24-33. Lorch, JM, CU METEYER, MJ Behr, JG Boyles, PM Cryan, AC Hicks, AE BALLMANN, JTH Coleman, DN Redell, DM Reeder, DS BLEHERT. 2011. Experimental infection of bats with Geomyces destructans causes white-nose syndrome. Nature, v. 480, no. 7377, p. 376-378 Lorch, J.M., Lindner, D.L., Gargas, A., Muller, L.K., Minnis, A.M., & Blehert, D.S. (2012). A culture-based survey of fungi in soil from bat hibernacula in the eastern United States and its implications for detection of Geomyces destructans, the causal agent of bat white-nose syndrome. Mycologia, 2012 12-207; Preliminary version published online: October 16, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3852/12-207 METEYER, C. U., D. Barber, and J. N. Mandl. 2012. Pathology in euthermic bats with white-nose syndrome suggests a natural manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Virulence 3(7). doi: 10.4161/viru.22330. MULLER, L. K., J. M. Lorch, D. L. Lindner, M. O'Connor, A. Gargas, and D. S. BLEHERT. Bat white-nose syndrome: a real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction test targeting the intergenic spacer region of Geomyces destructans. Mycologia doi:10.3852/12-242. NWHC Field Investigations Team. 2012. USGS National Wildlife Health Center Quarterly Mortality Report – January 2012-March 2012 .Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter.p. 11-13. Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 5 Research, Diagnosis and Surveillance of Wildlife Pathogens Pearce, J.M., D.R. Ruthrauff, J.S. HALL. 2012. Paired serological and RRT-PCR analysis of avian influenza prevalence in Alaskan shorebirds. J. Wildlife. Dis. 48:812-814. PIAZZA, TM, DS BLEHERT, FM Dunning, BM BERLOWSKI-ZIER, FN Zeytin, MD Samuel, WC Tucker. 2011. In vitro detection and quantification of botulinum neurotoxin type E activity in avian blood. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77:7815-7822. Pikula, J, H Bandouchova, L Novotny, CU METEYER, J Zukal, NR Irwin, J Zima, N Martinkova. Histopathology Confirms White-Nose Syndrome in Bats in Europe. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 48(1), 2012, pp 207-211. Reeder, D.M., Frank, C.L., Turner, G.G., METEYER, C.U., Kurta, A., Britzke, E.R., Vodzak, M.E., Darling, S.R., Stihler, C.W., Hicks, A.C., Jacob, R., Grieneisen, L.E., Brownlee, S.A., Muller, L.K., BLEHERT, D.S., 2012, Frequent Arousal from Hibernation Linked to Severity of Infection and Mortality in Bats with White-Nose Syndrome: PLoS ONE, v. 7 no. 6 ROCKE, T. E., J. WILLIAMSON, K. R. Cobble, J. D. Busch, M. F. Antolin, and D. M. Wagner. 2012. Resistance to plague among black-tailed prairie dog populations. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 12(12):111-116 Russell, DM, CS Goldberg, L Sprague, LP Watts, DE GREEN, KL SCHULER, and EB Rosenblum. 2011. Ranavirus outbreaks in amphibian populations of northern Idaho. Herpetological Review 42(2):223-225. SLEEMAN, J.M. and C. Gillin. 2012. Ills in the pipeline: emerging infectious diseases and wildlife. The Wildlife Professional, Spring 2012:34-39 Smith, KM, SJ Anthony, WM Switzer, JH Epstein, T Seimon, J Hongwei, MD Sanchez, TT Huynh, GG Galland, SE Shapiro, JM SLEEMAN, D McAloose, M Stuchin, G Amato, SO Kolokotronis, WI Lipkin, WB Karesh, P Daszak, N Marano. Zoonotic Viruses Associated with Illegally Imported Wildlife Products. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29505. Verant, M.L., J.G. Boyles, W. Waldrep, Jr., G. Wibbelt, and D.S. BLEHERT. 2012. Temperaturedependent growth of Geomyces destructans, the fungus that causes FY 2012 Annual Report bat white-nose syndrome. PLoS ONE 7: e46280. doi:10.1 FY 2012 Annual Report 371/journal.pone.0046280. WALSH, DP. 2012. Enhanced surveillance strategies for detecting and monitoring chronic wasting disease in free-ranging cervids Open File Report Number 2012-1036. U.S. Geological Survey. 42 p. Warnecke, L., J.M. Turner, T.K. Bollinger, J.M. Lorch, V. Misra, P.M. Cryan, G. Wibbelt, D.S. BLEHERT, and C.K.R. Willis. 2012. Inoculation of bats with European Geomyces destructans supports the novel pathogen hypothesis for the origin of white-nose syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 109: 6999-700. CCWHC Anholt RM, Stephen C, Copes R. 2012. Strategies for collaboration for the interdisciplinary field of emerging zoonotic diseases. Zoonoses and Public Health. 59(4): 229-240 Catalano, S., Lejeune, M., Liccioli, S., Verocai, G.G., Gesy, K.M., Jenkins, E.J., Kutz, S.J., Fuentealba, C., Duignan, P.J., Massolo, A. 2012. Echinococcus multilocularis in urban coyotes, Alberta, Canada (2012) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18 (10), pp. 1625-1628. 6 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 Research, Diagnosis and Surveillance of Wildlife Pathogens Chapinal N, Elkin B Joly D Schumaker B, Stephen C. 2012. Agreement between the caudal fold test and serological tests for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in bison. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 105:326-330 Chen, C.C., Epp, T., Jenkins, E., Waldner, C., Curry, P.S., Soos, C. 2012. Predicting weekly variation of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) West Nile Virus Infection in a newly endemic region, the Canadian Prairies, Journal of Medical Entomology, 49(5):1144-1153. Daoust P-Y, M van de Bildt, D van Riel, G van Amerongen, T Bestebroer, R Vanderstichel, RAM Fouchier, and T Kuiken. 2012. Replication of two subtypes of low-pathogenicity Avian Influenza virus of duck and gull origins in experimentally infected Mallard ducks. Veterinary Pathology Online http://vet.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/12/14/0300985812469633 Daoust P-Y, and C Caraguel. 2012. The Canadian harp seal hunt: observations on the effectiveness of procedures to avoid poor animal welfare outcomes. Animal Welfare 2012, 21: 445-455. Davidson, R., T. Romig, E. Jenkins, M. Tryland, and L. Robertson. 2012. Impact of globalization on distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis. Trends in Parasitology 28(6): 239-247. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2012.03.004 Ducrocq, J., Beauchamp, G., Kutz, S., Simard, M., Elkin, B., Croft, B., Taillon, J., Côté, S.D., Brodeur, V., Campbell, M., Cooley, D., Cuyler, C., Lair, S. 2012.Comparison of gross visual and microscopic assessment of four anatomic sites to monitor Besnoitia tarandi in barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus)(2012) Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 48 (3), pp. 732-738. Elmore, S.A., E.J. Jenkins, K.P. Huyvaert, L. Polley, J.J. Root, and C.G. Moore. 2012. Toxoplasma gondii in circumpolar people and wildlife. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 12(1): 1-9. Forde, T., Orsel, K., De Buck, J., Côté, S.D., Cuyler, C., Davison, T., Elkin, B., Kelly, A., Kienzler, M., Popko, R., Taillon, J., Veitch, A., Kutz, S. 2012. Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in several herds of arctic caribou (Rangifer Tarandus ssp.) (2012) Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 48 (4), pp. 918-924. Forzán, M. J., R. V. Vanderstichel, C. T. Ogbuah, J. R, Barta, T. G. Smith. 2012. Blood collection from the facial (maxillary)/musculo-cutaneous vein in true frogs (family Ranidae). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2012, 48(1):176-180 Forde, T., Kutz, S., de Buck, J., Warren, A., Ruckstuhl, K., Pybus, M., Orsel, K. 2012. Occurrence, diagnosis, and strain typing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in rocky mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) in southwestern Alberta (2012) Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 48 (1), pp. 1-11. Hénaux, V., Samuel, M.D., Parmley, J., and Soos, C. 2013. Estimating transmission of avian influenza in wild birds from incomplete epizootic data. Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal of Applied Ecology, In press. Himsworth CG, Parsons KL, Jardine C, Patrick DM. 2012. Rats, Cities, People, and Pathogens: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of literature regarding the epidemiology of rat-associated zoonoses in urban centers. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Accepted November 25, 2012. Himsworth CG, Patrick DM, Parsons, KL, Feng A, Weese JS. 2012. Carriage of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius by wild Norway Rats. Emerging Infectious Diseases 19(1): 169-170. Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 7 Research, Diagnosis and Surveillance of Wildlife Pathogens Himsworth CG, Feng AYT, Parsons KL, Kerr T, Patrick DM. 2012. Using experiential knowledge to understand urban rat ecology: a survey of Canadian pest control professionals. Urban Ecosystems DOI 10.1007/s11252-012-0261-4 Himsworth CG, McInnes CJ, Coulter L, Everest D, Hill J. Characterization of a novel poxvirus in a North American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49(1): 173179. Hoberg, E.P. A. Abrams, P.A. Pilitt, and E.J. Jenkins. 2012. Discovery and description of a new trichostrongyloid species (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae), abomasal parasites in mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus), from the western cordillera of North America. Journal of Parasitology 98(4): 817-846. Hoberg, E.P., Abrams, A., Pilitt, P.A., Kutz, S.J. 2012. Discovery and description of the "davtiani" morphotype for Teladorsagia boreoarcticus (Trichostrongyloidea: Ostertagiinae) abomasal parasites in muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, and caribou, Rangifer tarandus, from the North American Arctic: Implications for parasite faunal diversity (2012) Journal of Parasitology, 98 (2), pp. 355-364. Hoberg, E.P., Galbreath, K.E., Cook, J.A., Kutz, S.J., Polley, L. 2012. Northern Host-Parasite Assemblages. History and Biogeography on the Borderlands of Episodic Climate and Environmental Transition (2012) Advances in Parasitology, 79, pp. 1-97. Jenkins, E.J., A.S. Peregrine, J.E. Hill, C. Somers, K. Gesy, B. Barnes, B. Gottstein, and L. Polley. 2012. Detection of a European strain of Echinococcus multilocularis in North America. Emerging Infectious Diseases 18(6): 1010-1012. doi:10.3201/eid1806.111420 Jardine C.M., N. Janecko, M. Allan, P. Boerlin, G. Chalmers, G. Kozak, S.A. McEwen, R. J. ReidSmith. 2012. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Southern Ontario, Canada. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78: 3873-3879. Jokinen CC, Koot JM, Carrillo CD, Gannon VP, Jardine CM, Mutschall SK, Topp E, Taboada EN. 2012. An enhanced technique combining pre-enrichment and passive filtration increases the isolation efficiency of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from water and animal fecal samples. J Microbiol Methods. 91(3):506-13. Kutz, S.J., Ducrocq, J., Verocai, G.G., Hoar, B.M., Colwell, D.D., Beckmen, K.B., Polley, L., Elkin, B.T., Hoberg, E.P. 2012. Parasites in Ungulates of Arctic North America and Greenland. A View of Contemporary Diversity, Ecology, and Impact in a World Under Change (2012) Advances in Parasitology, 79, pp. 99-252. Larrat, S., A.D. Dallaire, S. Lair. 2012. Emaciation and larval filarioid nematode infection in boreal owls (Aegolius funereus). Avian Pathology. 41(4), 345-349. 2012 Larrat, S., S. Locke, A.D. Dallaire, G. Fitzgerald, D.J. Marcogliese, S. Lair. 2012. Fatal Aerosacculitis and Pneumonia Associated with the Nematode Eucoleus aerophilus in a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Journal of Wildlife Disease. 48(3), 832–834. 2012. Larrat, S., J. Marvin, Lair, S. 2012. Safety and efficacy of emamectin benzoate to treat Anguillicoloides crassus (Kuwahara, Niimi and Itagaki) infections in American eels (Anguilla rostrata, Lesueur). Journal of Fish Diseases. 35: 467-470. 2012. Larrat, S., Marvin, J., Lair, S. 2012. Low sensitivity of antemortem gill biopsies for the detection of subclinical Pseudodactylogyrus bini infestations in American eels (Anguilla rostrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 43(1): 190–192, 2012. 8 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 Research, Diagnosis and Surveillance of Wildlife Pathogens Lemon, M., Pack, L., Forzán M.J. 2012. Valvular Endocarditis and Septic Thrombosis Associated with a Radial Fracture in a Red-Tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). Canadian Veterinary Journal, 2012, 53(1):79-82 Liccioli, S., Catalano, S., Kutz, S.J., Lejeune, M., Verocai, G.G., Duignan, P.J., Fuentealba, C., Ruckstuhl, K.E., Massolo, A. 2012. Sensitivity of double centrifugation sugar fecal flotation for detecting intestinal helminths in coyotes (Canis latrans) (2012) Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 48 (3), pp. 717-723. Liccioli, S., Catalano, S., Kutz, S.J., Lejeune, M., Verocai, G.G., Duignan, P.J., Fuentealba, C., Hart, M., Ruckstuhl, K.E., Massolo, A. 2012. Gastrointestinal parasites of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the metropolitan area of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (2012) Canadian Journal of Zoology, 90 (8), pp. 1023-1030. Mainguy, J, C, Fehlner-Gardiner, D, Slate, RJ, Rudd. 2012. Oral Rabies Vaccination in Raccoons: Comparison of ONRABH and RABORAL V-RGH Vaccine-Bait Field Performance in Quebec, Canada and Vermont, USA. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 49(1), 2013, pp. 190–19 Mariner, Pfeiffer, Costard, Knopf, Zingeser, Chibeu, Parmley, Musenero, Pinsang, Okuthe, Bloland, Jost, Hendrickx, Mehta. 2012. Institutional Analysis to Enhance Performance of Surveillance Systems. Epidémiologie et Santé Animale (in press). Payne, Susan L., Pauline Delnatte, Guo Jianhua, J. Jill Heatley, Ian Tizard, Dale A. Smith. 2012. Birds and Bornaviruses. Animal Health Research Reviews, 13, pp 145-156. doi:10.1017/S1466252312000205. Peregrine A.S., E.J. Jenkins, B. Barnes, S. Johnson, L. Polley, I.K. Barker, B. De Wolf, and B. Gottstein. 2012. Alveolar hydatid disease (Echinococcus multilocularis) in the liver of a Canadian dog in British Columbia, a newly endemic region. Canadian Veterinary Journal 53(8): 870-874. Rees,E.R., E. H. Merrill, T. K. Bollinger, Y. T Hwang, M. J. Pybus, D. W. Coltman. 2012. Targeting the detection of chronic wasting disease use the hunter harvest during early phase of an outbreak in Saskatchewan, Canada. Preventative Veterinary Medicine 104 : 149-159. Sawford K, Vollman AR, Stephen C . 2012. A Focused Ethnographic Study of Sri Lankan Government Field Veterinarians’ Decision Making about Diagnostic Laboratory Submissions and Perceptions of Surveillance. PLoS ONE 7(10): e48035. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048035 Schurer, J.M., J. Hill, C. Fernando, and E.J. Jenkins. 2012. Sentinel surveillance for zoonotic parasites in companion animals in Indigenous communities of Saskatchewan. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 87(3): 495-498. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0273 Silbernagel, E.R., N. K. Skelton, C. L Waldner, T. K. Bollinger. August 2011. Interaction among Deer in a CWD Endemic Zone. Journal of Wildlife Management 75(6): 1453-1461 Simon, A, Bigras Poulin, M, Rousseau, AN, Dubey, JP, Ogden, NH, Spatiotemporal dynamics of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Canadian lynx (Lynx canadensis) in western Quebec, Canada Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 49(1), 2013, pp. 39–48 Soos, C., Parmley, E.J., McAloney, K., Pollard, B., Jenkins, E., Kibenge, F., Daoust, P.-Y., and Leighton, F.A. 2012 Bait trapping linked to higher avian influenza virus detection in wild ducks, Journal of Wildlife Diseases 48(2):444-448. Stephen C. 2013. Toward a new definition of animal health: lessons from the Cohen Commission and SPS Agreement. Optimum Online. 42(5) (in press). Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 9 Research, Diagnosis and Surveillance of Wildlife Pathogens Valiex S, Lokugalappati LGS, Abeynayake P, Prasad T, Chandrasiri ADN, Daniel SLA, Stephen C, Leighton T. 2012. A feasibility study for the establishment of a national wildlife health centre in Sri Lanka. Rev sci tech Off int Epiz. 30(3): 740-753. Van Der Hoop JM, MJ Moore, SG Barco, TVN Cole, P-Y Daoust, AG Henry, DF McAlpine, WA McLellan, T Wimmer, and AR Solow. 2012. Assessment of management to mitigate anthropogenic effects on large whales. Conservation Biology DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01934.x Verocai, G.G., Lejeune, M., Beckmen, K.B., Kashivakura, C.K., Veitch, A.M., Popko, R.A., Fuentealba, C., Hoberg, E.P., Kutz, S.J. 2013. Defining parasite biodiversity at high latitudes of North America: New host and geographic records for Onchocerca cervipedis (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in moose and caribou (2012) Parasites & Vectors, p. 242. Article in Press. Wagner, B.A., Hoberg, E.P., Somers, C.M., Soos, C., Fenton, H., and Jenkins, E.J. 2012. Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) at four sites in Saskatchewan, Canada. Comparative Parasitology 79(2):275-282. Warnecke, L., J. M. Turner, T. K. Bollinger, J. M. Lorch, V. Misra, P. M. Cryan, G. Wibbelt, D. S. Blehert, C. K. R. Willis. 2012. Inoculation of bats with European Geomyces destructans supports the novel pathogen hypothesis for the origin of white-nose syndrome. PNAS 109 (18); 6999-7003. 10 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012