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Ventricular Septal Defect Moderate to Large Normal Heart The normal heart has four chambers. The two top chambers receive blood from the body and lungs. These chambers are called the atria. The two bottom chambers pump blood to the body and lungs. These are called the ventricles. These chambers are separated by walls known as the atrial septum and ventricular septum. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) A ventricular septal defect is the most common congenital heart defect. A congenital defect means that it is present at birth. This type of defect is a hole in the wall (septum) between the right and left ventricles. This hole allows blood to flow across from the left side, where the pressure is high, to the right side, where the pressure is lower. This increased blood flow can cause the left side of the heart to enlarge. It can also cause too much blood flow to the lungs. These defects may vary in size. They may be present in many places in the ventricular septum. Rarely, a person may have more than one of these. Small defects rarely cause problems and have a high chance of closing on their own. Signs and Symptoms A murmur caused by the blood flowing through the defect is often heard during a routine exam. This will mean a referral to a cardiologist for further testing. A healthy person with a small VSD will most likely have no symptoms. A moderate or large VSD may cause ▪ Fatigue ▪ Sweating ▪ Rapid, heavy, or congested breathing ▪ Problems feeding ▪ Poor weight gain Testing A member of the health care team will do a complete exam and a health history. An ultrasound of the heart is called and echocardiogram. It may be done to confirm the presence of the defect. It is also done to find the site and size of the defect. An infant will have check-ups with their regular doctor and also with pediatric cardiology to assure that the medicines are working and he or she is gaining weight well. Sometimes moderate to large VSDs will close up. Sometimes surgery may be needed to close the VSD. The cardiology provider will explain this to you. Treatment Who Do I Call With Questions? An adult or child may need medicine to help decrease the extra fluid going to the lungs and a medicine to help decrease the work of the heart. The doctor or nurse or our clinic staff can answer any questions you may have. Pediatric Cardiology (608) 263-6420 Adult Congenital Heart Disease (608) 890-5700 Your health care team may have given you this information as part of your care. If so, please use it and call if you have any questions. If this information was not given to you as part of your care, please check with your doctor. This is not medical advice. This is not to be used for diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. Because each person’s health needs are different, you should talk with your doctor or others on your health care team when using this information. If you have an emergency, please call 911. Copyright © 2/2017. University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics Authority. All rights reserved. Produced by the Department of Nursing. HF#6862