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“2nd Industrial Revolution & Age of Imperialism” 1892 1870s 1912 1920 – Urbanization, Industrialization, Immigration, and the Rise of Industry and wealth within our Nation – U.S. involvement in Hawaii, Philippines, Cuba, Latin America, etc. “Progressive Reform Era” 1890s 1901 1917 1920s ** How do we address problems arising from … – – – – industrialization (big business, labor strife) urbanization (slums, political machines, corruption) immigration (ethnic diversity) inequality & social injustice (women & racism) How did the Spanish-American War contribute to the United States becoming an imperialist nation? Battle of Manila Bay, Philippines May 1, 1898 Spanish fleet defeated in a matter of hours; no U.S. killed sailors. Battle of San Juan Hill, Cuba July 1, 1898 Take the hills surrounding the Port of Santiago Battle of Santiago, Cuba July 3, 1898 Spanish fleet leaves Santiago Harbor and is destroyed. Annexing the Philippines – President William McKinley telling of how he came to the decision • What are the reasons President William McKinley decides annex the Philippines, (based upon his prayer of November 21, 1899)? – “I walked the floor of the White House night after night until midnight, and I am not ashamed to tell you, gentlemen, that I went down on my knees and prayed to God Almighty for light and guidance more than one night. And one night late it came to me this way – I don’t know how it was, but it came. One, that we could not give the Philippines back to Spain – that would be cowardly and dishonorable. Two, that we could not turn them over to France or Germany – our commercial rivals in the Orient – that would be bad business and discreditable. Three, that we could not leave them to themselves – they were unfit for self-government – and they would soon have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain’s was. And, four, that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift them and civilize and Christianize them …” Philippine-American War, 1899 - 1902 * U.S. sent 126,000 American soldiers sent to the Philippines. * 4,300 American deaths * 50,000 to 200,000 Filipino deaths How do we see imperialism in the actions of European nations and the U.S. regarding China? “Open Door Policy” - Before U.S. involvement, established leaseholds … - 1899, Secretary of State John Hay writes a letter … - “Spheres of Influence …” How do we see imperialism in the actions of the United States regarding Latin America? Assassination of President William McKinley, Sept. 6, 1901 Following terms, regarding different eras of United States Foreign Policy: • Isolationism (Pre-WWII) • Monroe Doctrine (1823) • Roosevelt Corollary (1902) • Dollar Diplomacy (1909) Revolution in Columbia • 1903, U.S. government offers to buy the canal zone • A French company agent, named Phillippe Bunau-Varilla, organizes a Panamanian revolutionary force to revolt • Nov., 3, 1903, with 10 U.S. warships off the coast of Panama, the Panamanians revolt Theodore Roosevelt (1858 – 1919) 1872-73 - Lives in North Africa / Middle East (Develops passion of hunting) 1880 - Graduates Harvard - Marries first wife (22 yrs old) 1884 - Wife and mother die 1884-85 - Moves to Dakota Territory 1886 - Remarries & begins 2nd family 1897 - Becomes Assistant Secretary of the Navy 1898 - Resigns position to fight in SpanishAmerican War 1901-1909 - Presidency (one of the most popular in American History) 1912 - Loses presidential election