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THE UNITED STATES BECOMES A WORLD POWER U.S. FOREIGN POLICY AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH CENTURY - Late 1800s: ____________________________________________________________ - America attempting to build an empire - ___________________________: no new frontier; desire to expand still present - ________________________________________ to continue economic growth - Increase American ___________________________________________ - Admiral Mahan’s sea power theory: U.S. needs fueling stations for strong navy - Uplift and civilize the backwards savages: “____________________________” THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898) - Spain controlled Cuba - ______________________________________________________________________ - Cuban citizens began to revolt and demand independence - _________________________________________________________________ - ________________________ was sent to Cuba - _______________ stolen from a Spanish diplomat criticizing McKinley published - February 15, 1898 - The ___________________ mysteriously exploded (260 died) - “________________________” ___________________________ fueled passions for war - Political and public pressure forced McKinley to ask Congress to declare war on Spain - The Splendid Little War – April 1898 - ____________________________: addition to the declaration of war which promised the U.S. would not take permanent control of Cuba - First shots fired in the ______________________ (Spanish colony) - Commodore Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in Philippines - Land war fought in _____________________________ - Teddy Roosevelt led the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill - _______________________________ for the U.S. - few casualties - Treaty of Paris (1899) - U.S. acquired Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines for $20 million - Cuba becomes “independent” in 1902 - The __________________________________ to the Cuban Constitution - U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs to “maintain order”, even if Cuba did not want American involvement - Cuba must sell/lease land to U.S. for naval bases - U.S. denied Independence to Philippines, annexed it instead - McKinley believed that the ____________________________________________ - After 3 year battle, U.S. crushed Filipino rebellion in 1901 - ___________________________________________________________________ THE U.S. AS A DEVELOPING WORLD POWER IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE - Teddy Roosevelt: “______________________________________________________” - Sent “____________________” on a 46,000 mile trip around the world (1907-1909) - Wanted to show the world U.S. naval power - American Market Expansion - More products were being made than could be used - Industrialists demanded access to ______________________________ - Entrepreneurs __________________________ (Asia, Caribbean, Latin America) - __________________________________________________________________! (1903) - People dreamed of a closer link between the Atlantic and the Pacific - ____________________________________ and caused a revolution - _________________________________ and purchased the rights to build the canal - Gave U.S. the ability to expand influence around the world - ____________________________________ (1904) - Expanded Monroe Doctrine (1823) - No more European colonization in Americas - __________________________________________________________________ - Protect our “________________________________________________________” THE U.S. AS A DEVELOPING WORLD POWER IN THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE The reasons for expansion were the same: 1) 2) 3) 4) THE IRONY OF ASIA - _____________________ against and _____________________ with Asia influenced American foreign policy at the turn of the century. - Americans in the U.S. despised Chinese immigrants, yet thousands of _____________________ went abroad to try to “save” the more than 450,000,000 Chinese citizens. - These uninvited and often unwanted missionaries expected ________________ to protect them. - Though most American citizens did not want Chinese in America, industrialists were more than willing to take advantage of the huge ________________ for American goods. - The ______________________________ was designed to provide equal access to China for all western nations and ensure that China’s ________________________________ was respected. - To further U.S. goals in China, McKinley decided to _____________________________________. A war resulted with revolutionaries led by _________________________ in which 4,200 American troops were killed; relatively few fatalities when compared to the 15,000 rebels and 200,000 civilians who were killed. PROTECTING AMERICAN MARKETS - ________________________________________________ (1904-1905) - First time an Asian nation defeated a European nation in war - ________________________________ (favored Japan) and won the Nobel Peace Prize - ________________________________________________ (1907) - School segregation in San Francisco would end but immigration would be limited - ________________________________________________ (1908) - Japan and the U.S. would respect each others territorial claims in Asia and the Pacific - _______________________________________________ in China would be protected EUROPEAN RELATIONS - During this time period the United States also became involved in settling European disputes, particularly over colonial holdings…once again working hard to protect __________________ - Roosevelt defused a crisis between Germany and France over Morocco - Taft arbitrated a dispute between France and Great Britain over Liberia - U.S. market depended on global trade; European war would have been disastrous