* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download NASA Training Activity 2 Astronomy
Hubble Deep Field wikipedia , lookup
Planets beyond Neptune wikipedia , lookup
Copernican heliocentrism wikipedia , lookup
Perseus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Cygnus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Tropical year wikipedia , lookup
IAU definition of planet wikipedia , lookup
Outer space wikipedia , lookup
Astrophotography wikipedia , lookup
Astronomical unit wikipedia , lookup
History of astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Geocentric model wikipedia , lookup
Definition of planet wikipedia , lookup
Late Heavy Bombardment wikipedia , lookup
Astronomical naming conventions wikipedia , lookup
Spitzer Space Telescope wikipedia , lookup
Solar System wikipedia , lookup
Rare Earth hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses wikipedia , lookup
Astrobiology wikipedia , lookup
Star formation wikipedia , lookup
Comparative planetary science wikipedia , lookup
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems wikipedia , lookup
Formation and evolution of the Solar System wikipedia , lookup
Corvus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Aquarius (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
International Ultraviolet Explorer wikipedia , lookup
Hebrew astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Extraterrestrial life wikipedia , lookup
Observational astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Name: _____________________________________ Period: ____________ Training Activity #2: Space Notes on Astronomy Astronomy is the study of all physical subjects _____________________________________ Earth. Light-year: a unit of length equal to the distance that light travels through space in 1 year. The speed of light is approximately 300,000 kilometers per second (about 186,000 miles per second) Astronomers Ptolemy – believed the Earth was at the ___________________________________ of the universe. Copernicus – the __________________________ is at the center of the universe. Galileo Galilei: first to use a _______________________________ to observe celestial bodies. Isaac Newton: explained that _______________________________ is the force that keeps planets orbiting the sun and moons orbiting planets. Constellations are sections of the sky that contain recognizable star _____________________________. Different _________________________________ named the constellations after their gods or objects in their daily lives. The constellations change from season to season because of Earth’s revolution. Telescopes A telescope is an instrument that collects electromagnetic radiation from the sky and _______________ it for better observation. Types Refracting: a curved objective __________________________ bends light and focuses the light to be magnified by the eyepiece. Reflecting: light enters the telescope and is reflected from a large, curved _______________ to a focal point above the mirror. Name: _____________________________________ Period: ____________ Hubble Space Telescope: an optical telescope that is in _____________________________. o Provided clearer images in space than any ground based telescope. Chandra X-ray telescope is the most powerful X-ray telescope ever built. o Launched in 1999. Our Place in the Universe The Universe - 93 billion light years in _____________________________________ o The Milky Way Galaxy - 100,000 light years in diameter Our Solar System - the Sun's gravity extends out to around 2 light years. So it is about 4 light years in diameter. Earth – 3rd planet to our Sun Name: _____________________________________ Period: ____________ Study Jams Universe Video Quiz Score: ______________________________ Inner Planets – all terrestrial (have land) Mercury- terrestrial o Closest to the Sun o Can be as hot as 427° C o Its year is only ____________________________ Earth days long! Venus – terrestrial o About the same size, mass, and density as ______________________________. o Rotates in the opposite direction than Earth. o It's day (243 Earth days) is longer than it's year (about 225 Earth days). o Hottest planet: Averages 464 ° C because there is so much greenhouse gas. Earth – terrestrial o Just the right distance from the _________________. o Allowed water to develop which is the key to life. Mars – terrestrial o The ____________________________ Planet o Cold planet, ______________________ atmosphere, very low pressure o There is ice found on Mars. Study Jams Inner Planets Slide Show Quiz Score: __________________________ Outer Planets – all gas giants Jupiter- gaseous o __________________________ planet. Has the Great Red Spot (a spinning storm) o Made of primarily hydrogen and helium. o Takes almost 12 years to revolve! Saturn- gaseous o Second largest planet o Similar composition to Jupiter. o Rings are made of ________________________ particles. Uranus- gaseous o Bluish-green color. o Made of mostly hydrogen and methane. o Very dense and it’s axis is tilted almost ______________________ ° ! Neptune- gaseous Name: _____________________________________ Period: ____________ o ____________________________ color o Temperature is -225 °C o The atmosphere has belts of clouds Pluto – like a terrestrial planet o ____________________________ from the Sun. Has a moon called Charon o Now considered a ______________________ planet because it is more like an asteroid. o Half the size of Mercury o Made of rock and ice. Atmosphere is mostly methane. Study Jams Outer Planets Slide Show Quiz Score: _______________________________ Comet: a small body of ______________________, rock and cosmic dust loosely packed together. “Dirty ______________________________” Comet tails: gas and dust that the comet gives off when solar radiation heats it. They orbit in an elliptical shape. Scientists believe comets come from outside our solar system (Oort Cloud). Name: _____________________________________ Period: ____________ Asteroids are large rocky bodies in ___________________________ around the sun. Irregularly shaped. Most orbit in a region between Mars and Jupiter called the asteroid ______________________. Meteoroid/Meteorite/Meteor A meteoroid is a ___________________________, rocky body orbiting the sun. o They are smaller than an asteroid. A meteorite is when a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere and strikes the ground. A meteor is the bright streak of light caused by a meteoroid or comet dust burning up in the atmosphere. A star is a hot, brilliant ball of __________________________. Stars go through a life cycle. Absolute magnitude is the actual _______________________________________ of a star. The H-R (Hertzsprung-Russell) diagram is a graph showing the relationship between a star’s surface temperature and it’s absolute magnitude. Our sun is an average star (dwarf star). Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) Diagram Name: _____________________________________ Period: ____________ The Sun Our sun is an _____________________________ star (dwarf star). The energy from the sun is produced by fusion. Sun spot- cool, dark spots on the sun Solar flare- giant storm on the surface of the sun. o Can affect _______________________ Old Stars Supernovas: ___________________________ of a large star by explosion. o Produces silver, gold, and lead. Name: _____________________________________ Period: ____________ Neutron Stars: a star formed from the left over materials a _____________________________. o Extremely dense. o Particles inside the star become ____________________________. Pulsars: a __________________________________ neutron star. Black Holes: an object that is so ___________________________ (in other words, has enough mass in a small enough volume) that its gravity is strong enough to prevent light or anything else from escaping. o Astronomers theorized that these are created after a supernova and when the universe began. A Stars’ Life Cycle Video: What are stars made of (it is the fuel for the star)? ____________________________________________ What does a star’s life cycle depend on? Circle one: It’s size or Where it’s born What will our sun turn into after it runs out of fuel? ___________________________________________ Name: _____________________________________ Period: ____________ Galaxies A galaxy is a large ______________________________ of stars in space (1 million to 1 trillion stars) Types: o o ____________________________- bulge at the center and spiral Most galaxies are this type. The Milky Way is thought to be this type Elliptical- bright centers and very little dust and gas. o Contain only _______________________ stars. Irregular No definite shape The Big Bang Theory: The scientific theory, discovered by _______________________________ _______________________, that the Universe was born from a single point in a violent explosion and has been expanding ever since. What is 1 thing you learned from the Big Bang Theory video? __________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________