Download First Aid

Poisoning, Heat/Cold,
Burns & Bleeding
Basic Information
Obtain help A.S.A.P.
Be confident and calm.
Protect the victim.
Maintain confidentiality.
Avoid further injury of the victim.
Only provide treatment you’re qualified
to give.
Basic Information
 Happens by
swallowing,
inhaling, injecting,
and contact with
skin.
 Obtain help
A.S.A.P.
 Poison Control
Center: 1-800-2221222
 Know type of
poison (if
noticeable)
 Know how the
injury came about.
 Know how the
victim came in
contact with the
poison.
Swallowing
S/S: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain,
difficulty breathing, changes in
consciousness, and seizures.
Call Poison Control Center.
Provide the S/S.
Determine type of poison, how much was
ingested, and when it was taken.
Don’t give victim anything to eat or drink
unless instructed to do so.
Swallowing cont….
 If patient is conscious: 
 Induce vomiting by:
Syrup of Ipecac, warm 
salt water, and tickling
the back of the throat. 
 DO NOT induce if: pt.
swallowed acid,
alkaline, or petroleum
products, pt. is having
convulsions, or if pt.
has fresh burns.
If patient is
unconscious:
Check for breathing.
Always triage (to
prioritize pt’s according
to severity of injury.)
Inhaling
Call poison control center.
S/S: pale or bluish skin.
Remove the victim from the toxic
fumes.
Check breathing.
Contact with Skin
 Call Poison Control Center.
 Wash area with large amounts of water.
 Remove clothing and jewelry.
 If contact with poison ivy, poison oak,
etc. use calamine lotion or make a paste
with baking soda and water.
Stings and Bites
 Remove the stinger
with a plastic card or
a pair of tweezers.
 Wash area with soap
and water, cover, and
apply ice to reduce
swelling and pain.
 Check for S/S of
shock.
 Call for help A.S.A.P.
if signs of shock.
 Give CPR if needed.
 S/S for allergic
reaction: redness or
swelling, itching, hives,
and pain, swelling of
the throat, dyspnea,
and dizziness.
Snakes
 Wash the wound.
 Keep body part very still.
 Keep body part lower than the heart.
 Look for S/S of shock and allergic
reactions and provide CPR if needed.
 DO NOT: apply ice, cut the wound, or
apply a tourniquet.
Basic Information
 Injuries can be
 Burns can result in
caused by fire, heat,
difficult breathing.
chemicals, radiation,  Call for help
and electricity.
A.S.A.P.
 When a burn breaks
the skin, infection
can occur.
Superficial Burns
** 1 st Degree Burns**
 Involves the top (epidermis) layer of skin.
 S/S: redness, discoloration, swelling, pain,
and dry.
 Heals in 5-6 days without permanent
scarring.
 Causes: the sun and mild contact with
heat and flames.
Partial –Thickness Burns
**2 nd Degree Burns**
 Involves the top two layers (epidermis &
dermis) of the skin.
 S/S: redness with blisters, mottled, wet
appearance, pain, and swelling.
 Heals within 3-4 weeks with mild scarring.
nd
2
Degree
Full-Thickness Burns
**3 rd Degree Burns**
 Involves all layers of the skin, muscle
tissue, fat, bones, and nerves.
 S/S: appears brown or black (charred)
with white underlying tissue, can be
extremely painful to painless.
 This burns is critical and requires
immediate medical attention.
rd
3
degree
All 3 types
How to care for burns
 Remove the victim
from the source of
heat.
 Cool the skin with
large amounts of
water.
 Cover the burn with
a sterile dressing.
 If possible, relieve the
pain.
 Check for S/S of
shock.
 Prevent any infection.
 Heat Cramps: muscle spasms and pain;
thru perspiration you have a lack of
Sodium. Care: move victim to cooler area
and give small sips of water and
encourage them to rest.
 Heat Exhaustion: body temperature is
normal, you have a lack of fluids because
of excessive diaphoresis. S/S: similar to
shock. Care: move victim to cooler area,
use cold wet cloths, and give small sips of
water.
 Heat Stroke: ***Medical Emergency***
body is no longer able to cool itself off,
body temperature is 105F. or more. S/S: no
ability to sweat, skin is dry, red, and hot,
fast, but strong pulse, loss of
consciousness and disoriented. Care: cool
victim down with a tepid bath. If you don’t
get the victim cooled down, convulsions
can occur then death. Victim CAN NOT
take a warm bath/shower, get into a sauna
or a hot tub or exercise for one week.
Frostbite
 What is it?? damage to the skin and the
underlying tissue.
 Check for hypothermia (lowered body
temperature) and treat these symptoms.
 S/S: hard, pale, and cold quality of skin,
lack of sensitivity to touch, but a sharp,
aching pain, as the skin thaws the skin
becomes red and painful.
Ways to care for frostbite
 Move victim to a warmer place.
 Remove the wet clothing.
 Apply warm cloths to affected area for
20-30 minutes.
 Apply dry, sterile dressings.
 Check for S/S of shock and provide CPR
if needed.
 To stop bleeding on an open wound: apply
pressure with a clean absorbent cloth.
 Raise the wounded body part above the
heart.
 Once the bleeding stops, clean wound
with soap and water.
 Wrap in a sterile dressing.
Nosebleeds
 Have the victim sit with their head tilted
a bit forward.
 Pinch their nostrils together.
 Place an ice pack on the bridge of the
nose.