Download Extreme states

Extreme states
1. At the shock blood supply is maintained due to the centralization of the blood
circulation, primarily in the:
+a) brain and heart; b) intestines and lungs; c) liver and kidney; d) pancreas and stomach;
e) muscles and bones.
2. Complication, which is not typical for hemorrhagic shock
a) failure of the liver and kidneys; b) adrenal insufficiency; +c) leukemoid reaction;
d) hypoxic coma; e) disseminated intravascular coagulation.
3. Leading link of the pathogenesis of shock:
+a) hypovolemia; b) reducing the release of catecholamines; +c) autointoxication;
+d) hypoxia; +e) secretion of biologically active substances.
4. The main pathogenetic link of hypoglycemic coma:
+a) a carbohydrate and energy "starvation" of brain neurons; b) carbohydrate "starvation" of the
myocardium; c) hypoosmia of the blood; d) uncompensated ketoacidosis.
5. The critical states are characterized by:
+a) monoorganic (monosystemic) failure; b) polyorganic (plurisystemic) failure; c) the failure of
the organism as a whole.
6. The extreme states are characterized by:
a) monoorganic (monosystemic) failure; +b) polyorganic (plurisystemic) failure; c) the failure of
the organism as a whole.
7. The terminal states are characterized by:
a) monoorganic (monosystemic) failure; b) polyorganic (plurisystemic) failure; +c) the failure of
the organism as a whole.
8. Specify the types of threatening states:
+a) critical; +b) terminal; c) the extraordinary; +d) extremal; e) emergency; f) resuscitative.
9. Is it true that collapse, as the shock, is characterized by centralization of circulation?
a) yes; +b) no.
10. The main mechanism of collapse:
+a) generalized vasodilatation; b) reduction of circulating blood volume; c) reduction in cardiac
output.
11. Can cause to shock:
a) fall pumping function of the heart; b) endocrine disorders; c) damage of internal organs; d)
injury; +e) all of the above.
12. The shock occurs because of:
a) massive irritation of interoceptors; b) massive irritation of exteroreceptors;
c) massive irritation of interoreceptors and exteroreceptors simultaneously; +d) all right.
13. Select manifestations that characterize the erectile phase of shock:
a) the weakening effects of the sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal systems;
b) arterial hypotension; +c) motor and verbal excitation; +d) hyperventilation of lungs;
e) decrease in cardiac output; +f) hyperreflexia.
14. Select the manifestations that characterize the torpid phase of shock:
+a) the weakening effects of the sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal systems;
b) tachycardia, arterial hypertension; c) motor and verbal excitation;
+d) reduction of cardiac output; +e) depositing blood; +f) arterial hypoxemia.
15. For the treatment of the collapse is more effective:
+a) sympathomimetics; b) vasodilators; c) blood preparations; d) analgesics; e) all of the above.
16. Moderate tachycardia, slight hypotension, moderate oliguria, blood loss of 15-20%. It is
clinical symptoms of:
+a) I degree of shock; b) the shock of II degree; c) III degree of shock.
17. Shock of II degree is characterized by:
+a) heart rate of 120-140; b) heart rate of 140-160; +c) blood pressure less than 100; d) blood
pressure greater than 100; +e) oliguria; f) anuria; +g) shortness of breath;
+h) blood loss of 20-30%.
18. "Shock index" (Algover’s index) - is:
+a) the ratio of heart rate for 1 minute to the value of systolic blood pressure; b) the ratio of heart
rate for 1 minute to the value of diastolic blood pressure;
c) the ratio of the heart rate for 1 minute to the value of pulse pressure.
19. In consequence of the inability of the heart to provide adequate blood supply to tissues
due to violation of primary pumping function of the left ventricle develops:
a) burn shock; b) septic shock; c) traumatic shock; +d) cardiogenic shock.
20. In most cases, cardiogenic shock occurs in patients with:
+a) myocardial infarction; b) stenocardia; c) an arrhythmia; d) cardiomyopathy; e) myocarditis.
21. Clinical manifestations of cardiogenic shock are:
a) pallor and cyanosis of the skin; b) cold extremities; c) oliguria; d) decrease in blood pressure;
e) thready pulse; f) changes in the central nervous system; +g) all of the above.
22. Against the background of cardiogenic shock occurs:
+a) fall in stroke volume of the heart; b) increase in stroke volume; +c) systemic peripheral
vascular resistance increases; d) systemic peripheral vascular resistance decreases.
23. What type of shock develops due to blood loss?
a) burn; b) septic; +c) haemorrhagic; d) traumatic shock; e) cardiogenic.
24. What type of shock develops in connection with the initial loss of body fluids?
a) burn; b) septic; +c) hypovolemic; d) traumatic shock; e) cardiogenic.
25. What type of shock develops in connection with the local influence of high
temperature?
+a) burn; b) septic; c) haemorrhagic; d) traumatic shock; e) cardiogenic.
26. What type of shock is caused by systemic effects of microbial toxins?
a) burn; +b) septic; c) haemorrhagic; d) traumatic shock; e) cardiogenic.
27. Viscerogenic shock include the following types of shocks:
a) pancreatogenic; b) cardiogenic; c) pleuropulmonary; +d) all of the above.
28. What type of shock develops due to repeated exposure of the allergen?
+a) anaphylactic; b) septic; c) haemorrhagic; d) traumatic shock; e) cardiogenic.
29. Hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is characterized by:
a) decrease in blood pressure; +b) increase in blood pressure; c) decrease in cardiac output;
+d) increase in cardiac output; e) increase in systemic peripheral vascular resistance;
+f) decrease in systemic peripheral vascular resistance; +g) the unrest.
30. Hypodynamic phase of septic shock is characterized by:
+a) decrease in blood pressure; b) increase in blood pressure; +c) decrease in cardiac output;
d) increase in cardiac output; +e) increase in systemic peripheral vascular resistance; f) decrease
in systemic peripheral vascular resistance; +g) the retardation.
31. Factors of toxemia in the traumatic shock:
+a) the excess of cellular mediators; +b) the products of hydrolysis and denaturation of proteins;
+c) the excess of lysosomal enzymes; +d) the excess of lipid peroxidation products;
e) hypernatremia; f) hyperglycemia; +g) hyperkalemia.
32. Erectile phase of traumatic shock is characterized by:
a) increase in blood pressure; b) increased heart rate; c) shortness of breath; d) pale skin;
+e) all answers are correct.
33. For torpid phase of traumatic shock is not typical:
a) decrease in blood pressure; b) tachycardia; c) tachypnea; +d) hyperemia of the skin;
e) impaired vision.
34. The main link in the pathogenesis of the anemic coma:
+a) brain hypoxia; b) brain edema; c) swelling of the brain; d) reducing intracranial pressure.
35. Select the correct statement:
a) coma develops gradually; b) coma may develop at lightning speed; +c) both statements are
true.
36. Causes of coma can be:
a) autointoxication; b) lack of necessary metabolic substrates; c) exogenous intoxication; d)
hypoxia; e) severe endocrinopathies; f) head injury; +g) all of the above.
37. Indicate the correct statement:
a) coma has a strictly pathogenic significance; b) coma has absolutely positive value;
+c) coma partly play a protective role, but they are dominated by the phenomenon of damage.
38. Postresuscitative disease is caused by:
a) the development of the terminal state; b) the output from the terminal state; +c) both answers
are correct.