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Download Divisions of the cortex (Describe the primary functions of each lobe)
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LAB 1 ANSWERS Divisions of the cortex (Describe the primary functions of each lobe) Frontal Lobe: MOTOR CONTROL, SPEECH & COGNITION, SHORT TERM MEMORY Parietal Lobe: SENSORY, PROPRIOCEPTION, LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION, ATTENTION AND SPATIAL AWARENESS Temporal Lobe: MEMORY, EMOTION PROCESSING, AUDITORY PROCESSING, SEXUAL & SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR Occipital Lobe: VISUAL PROCESSING Sulci and Gyri Begin investigating the dorsal surface of the brain. The outermost portion of the brain is the cortex, which contains convolutions of various depths called sulci (sulcus), fissures and gyri (gyrus). The largest furrows are called fissures, while the smaller ones are called sulci. The “bulges” of cortex are the gyri. Important fissures (identify divisions) and gyri (identify functions) Medial Longitudinal Fissure: DIVIDES THE BRAIN INTO TWO EQUAL HEMISPHERES Cruciate/Central Fissure: DIVIDES THE FRONTAL AND PARIETAL LOBES Superior Frontal Fissure: DIVIDES THE FRONTAL LOBE INTO THE SUPERIOR FRONTAL GYRI AND MEDIAL FRONTAL GYRI (LOCATION OF ASSOCIATION INTEGRATION) Rhinal/Lateral Fissure: IN HUMANS, DIVIDES THE TEMPORAL LOBE FROM THE PARIETAL AND FRONTAL LOBES. IN SHEEP, DIVIDES THE PYRIFORM CORTEX FROM THE SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRI Precentral Gyrus: PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX Postcentral Gyrus: PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX Superior Temporal Gyri: PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX Subdivisions of the brain: The brain is divided into different sections. You should know them all and be able to identify which structures are in which part of the brain. Forebrain Telencephalon: CEREBRAL CORTEX, BASAL GANGLIA (CAUDATE NUCLEUS, GLOBUS PALLIDUS, PUTAMEN, AMYGDALA), LIMBIC SYSTEM (AMYGDALA, HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX, SEPTUM, MAMMILLARY BODIES), CORPUS CALLOSUM & Rhinencephalon: OLFACTORY BULBS, OLFACTORY TRACT, AMYGDALA, PYRIFORM LOBE Diencephalon: THALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS, PINEAL BODY, POSTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY, MAMMILARY BODIES, OPTIC CHIASM Midbrain Mesencephalon: TECTUM (SUPERIOR & INFERIOR COLLICULI) & TEGMENTUM (RETICULAR FORMATION, SUBSTANTIA NIGRA, RED NUCLEUS, PERIAQUEDUCTAL GREY) Hindbrain Metencephalon: CEREBELLUM & PONS (&RETICULAR FORMATION) Myencephalon: MEDULLA OBLONGATA (& RETICULAR FORMATION) Functions for Lateral Diagram: CEREBELLUM: Involved in maintaining muscle tone, balance, and finely coordinated movement. Also has implications for cognitive functions, such as learning and attention. “Fine tuning” of motor responses and cognitive responses. OLFACTORY TRACT: A band of nerve fibres extending from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex (pyriform lobe) and amygdala. Associated with the sense of smell. OLFACTORY BULB: Receives nerve impulses from the olfactory receptors and sends impulses via the olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex and amygdala. Initial site of odour discrimination. PYRIFORM LOBE: olfactory cortex RHINAL/LATERAL FISSURE: In humans, divides the temporal lobe from the parietal (and frontal) lobe. In Sheep, divides the pyriform lobe from the superior temporal gyrus. References Pinel, J.P.J., (2009). Biopsychology (7th ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.
