Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The role of electric mobility in future Energy Systems Dr. ir. Zofia Lukszo With collaboration with dr. Remco Verzijlbergh Section Energy and Industry Technology, Policy and Management @: [email protected] May 25, 2017 1 Content • Why electric mobility? • Responsive demand • Are the goals of many actors involved the same? • What about the environment? • Why EVs can be compared to cold storage warehouses? • What can we learn from looking at different price scenario’s? • Future work May 25, 2017 2 Future energy systems Old schedule generation to meet demand New schedule demand to meet generation e.g. electric mobility Electric mobility How can electric mobility contribute to a more sustainable transportation & electrical power system and on the same time align the interests of its relevant actors? See: Remco Verzijlbergh, The Power of Electric Vehicles, PhD Thesis TU Delft, 2013, http://repository.tudelft.nl/ Why electric mobility - CO2 emission air quality, noise polluttion Energy usage households +/- 10 kWh 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Energy demand (kWh/day) Power sector complex socio-technical system Standard Household Profile Estimation of the expected energy usage of EVs Data from Mobility Research Netherlands Average: ~34 km ~ 90% < 100km Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, “Mobiliteitsonderzoek Nederland (in Dutch)” Available: www.mobiliteitsonderzoeknederland.nl Charging scenario's and network load Based on real life data Network load:100 houses and 50 EVs Price control Load Control Imbalance Control May 25, 2017 11 Separate EV demand profiles Electric mobility in a city – city of Utrecht Load flow analysis shows: • 10% electric mobility 24% overloaded • Reference case (merely organic growth) 19% overloaded See E.J. Kleiwegt, Electric Mobility: on the Road to Energy Transition: A technical and actor assessment of social costs of electric mobility, Master Thesis, TU Delft, 2011 http://repository.tudelft.nl/ Example – city of Utrecht Use calculations for critical component map Green/Yellow/ Red locations for installing charging stations Merit order vs emission – two cases D May 25, 2017 A 14 CO2 emissions of EV charging as a function of CO2 price A D May 25, 2017 15 Dispatch profiles for different vehicles scenarios May 25, 2017 16 Charging strategy based on predicted price May 25, 2017 17 Negative price? Conventional, wind and solar power and spot prices for the German system on June 16th 2013. Responsive demand – cold storage Old schedule generation to meet demand New schedule demand to meet generation e.g. with a cold storage warehouse Matching renewable energy and demand response through price System model: • Cold store has PV generation on site • PV production known in advance • Pays price Cin(t) for energy, receives Cout(t) • Temperature upper bound Tmax Goal: Investigate relations between demand response strategy of a cold store and electricity prices & Evaluate different pricing regimes on optimal energy use Physical model of cold store Heat balance Incoming heat Outgoing heat Resulting equation for T dynamics Discretized in time System model • Cold store has PV generation on site • PV production known in advance • Pays price Cin(t) for energy, receives Cout(t) • Temperature upper bound Tmax Optimization formulation Objective function constraints Compare cold store with EV optimization problem Optimization problem State dynamics Price scenarios A: flat tariff B: flat double tariff C: day-night tariff D: APX based real time tariff E: APX based real time tariff, high solar penetration Comparison • Optimal cooling trajectory depends strongly on tariff structure. • Local use of PV energy depends on tariffs • Most 'value' of control in case with high solar penetration. • The effective use of demand response requires the right tariff structure New plans NWO URSES - CaPP Project • Design, Management and Control Systems for multimodal, detachable decentral sustainable energy systems • Car as Power Plant as a multi-modal system (power, transport, gas/hydrogen, heat) • ICT and business models for CaPP • Detachable decentral = fuel cell cars NWO URSES – CaPP Project • design, assess and analyse the fuel cell car as power plant (CaPP) in integrated transport and energy systems • investigate and design robust control systems of CaPPbased smart energy systems • explore effective incentive and organizational structures for the emergence of CaPP integrated energy and transport systems May 25, 2017 30 PhD wanted! CaPP Most urgent question • How to reduce uncertainty for actors in the energy chain by developing the science and tools that are needed for smart energy systems? May 25, 2017 32 May 25, 2017 33