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The Cell Cycle Cell division: Mitosis The Cell Cycle The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo is known as the cell cycle. During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two new cells, called “daughter cells”. Each of the “daughter cells” begins the cell cycle again. The cell cycle occurs in 3 stages: - interphase - mitosis (this stage is divided into 4 phases) - cytokinesis Cell Division & Mitosis. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from Biology 4A Student Resources Web site: http://www.biologycorner.com/bio4/notes/mitosis.php The Cell Cycle Cell division occurs in three stages: interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Cell Division & Mitosis. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from Biology 4A Student Resources Web site: http://www.biologycorner.com/bio4/notes/mitosis.php Cell Division Classification Stage Name Process 1 Interphase Cell doubles in size; DNA replicates; cell prepares to divide; centrioles are copied 2 i. Mitosis Cell division goes through 4 phases (PMAT) Prophase Mitosis begins; nuclear membrane disappears; chromatin condenses to form chromosomes ii. Metaphase Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell iii. Anaphase iv. 3 Telophase Chromatids split and are pulled to each pole of cell Nuclear membrane reforms; cell begins to pinch together Cytokinesis Parent cell’s cytoplasm divides, forming 2 identical daughter cells Stage 1: Interphase 1. Cell grows to its full size; produces structures necessary for cell division 2. DNA makes a copy of itself (DNA Replication) 3. Prepares for cell division; two cylindrical structures called centrioles are also copied. Stage 2: Mitosis Mitosis is subdivided into four phases. Cell Division & Mitosis. Retrieved March 6, 2007, from Biology 4A Student Resources Web site: http://www.biologycorner.com/bio4/notes/mitosis.php Phase 1: Prophase 1. Mitosis begins 2. Chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form chromosomes 3. The pairs of centrioles move to opposite sides of the nucleus 4. Spindle fibers form a bridge between ends of the cell 5. The nuclear membrane breaks down Phase 2: Metaphase 1. Chromosomes line up along the equator/center of the cell. 2. Each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at its centromere (middle) Phase 3: Anaphase 1. The centromeres split 2. The two chromatids separate, and each chromatid becomes a new chromosome 3. The new chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell 4. The cell stretches out as the opposite ends are pushed apart Phase 4: Telophase 1. The chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rod-like appearance 2. A new nuclear membrane begins to form around each region of chromosomes Stage 3: Cytokinesis 1. The cell membrane pinches in around the middle of the cell 2. The cell splits in two 3. Each daughter cell ends up with an identical set of chromosomes and about half of the organelles 4. After cytokinesis is complete, each new cell enters interphase and the cycle begins again Mitosis Animations 1. Basic mitosis animation. 2. Cells Alive 3. Simple Animal Cell 4. The Biology Project (Use the QuickTime version @ bottom of site.) 5. Cell Division Bio-Clip (This is the best one!) 6. Mitosis Animation & Quiz (Self-paced) 7. Narrated animation & quiz (Self-paced)