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Sara Lemmonds Portfolio Part IV 23 avril 2015 Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15 1769 in Corsica France. He was the fourth and second surviving son of Carlo Buonaparte and his wife Letizia Ramolino. Napoleon attended the military college of Brienne until transferred five years later to the military academy of Paris. Napoleon returned to Corsica in 1786 after the death of his father. He had obtained second lieutenant of artillery when he graduated from the academy. Upon his return home Napoleon sided with the Corsican resistance against the French occupation. In April of 1793 a civil war in Corsica began and Napoleon relocated his family to France where he assumed the French spelling of his name; Bonaparte. Napoleon’s return to France meant his return to the military. In 1795 Napoleon saved the French government from revolutionary forces for which he was rewarded with the honor of commander of the Army of the interior. He also became a trusted advisor to the Directory, the country’s ruling power, on military matters. In 1796 Napoleon became commander of the Army of Italy. He quickly rebuilt the disgruntled and underfed army of 30,000 winning numerous victories against the Austrians and expanding the French empire. His advantageous marriage to Josephine de Beauharnais increased his reputation. They were married on March 9, 1796. Napoleon then went on to occupy Egypt to disrupt the English trade routes leading to India. His occupation in Egypt led to great loss. On August 1, 1798 Admiral Horatio Nelson’s fleet destroyed Napoleon’s forces during the battle of the Nile. Napoleon’s military prowess was harmed by the loss leading to a combined force of Austrian, Russian, British, and Turkish power forming an alliance against France. In 1799 French forces were defeated in Italy forcing France to relinquish much of the Italian peninsula. In June of 1799 a coup in France resulted in the Directory being taken over by the Jacobins. Napoleon constructed a second coup to place him and two other men into power with a new government called the consulate. Napoleon’s political takeover resulted in a new constitution creating the position of first consul which was nothing less than a dictatorship. Napoleon became the first consul in 1800. The new constitution and government proved popular with the French people and in 1802 Napoleon was named consul for life and in 1804 he was named Emperor of France. Under his reign he reformed the country’s economy, legal system, and educational system. He reinstated Roman Catholicism as the state religion and also founded the Napoleonic code. The Napoleonic code allowed freedom of religion, forbade privileges based on birth right, and stated that government jobs only be given to those most qualified. He also negotiated peace for Europe which only lasted three years leading to war between France and Britain, Russia, and Austria. Napoleon obtained many victories during these wars expanding the French empire. In 1810 he had his marriage to Josephine annulled and married Marie-Louise, the daughter of the emperor of Austria, in 1811. Napoleon’s military success did not last and large defeats ensued in 1810. The losses encouraged his enemies which eventually led to Napoleon’s surrender in 1814 and his exile to the Island of Elba. Napoleon escaped Elba and returned to power only to relinquish his powers in June 22 of 1815 after a series of several military losses. The British government sent him into exile once again onto the island of St. Helena. Napoleon died on May 5, 1821. Citation Napoleon. (2015). The Biography.com website. Retrieved 11:29, Apr 23, 2015, fromhttp://www.biography.com/people/napoleon-9420291.