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Transcript
25 Major Rangeland Plants Grasses and Grass-like Plants By Karen Launchbaugh Grass Morphology Spike Panicle Most grasses a have Spike or Panicle inflorescence Sodgrass vs Bunchgrass Sodgrass Bunchgrass Sodgrass Rhizomes are below-ground modified stems that give rise to new plants. Solons are above-ground modified stems that give rise to new plants. www.usu.edu/weeds/ Major Grasses & Grass-likes For Rangeland Principles Course Type Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Grass Name Big Bluestem Blue Grama Bluebunch Wheatgrass Buffalograss Cheatgrass (or Downy Brome) Crested Wheatgrass Idaho Fescue Tobosa grass Longevity Perennial Perennial Perennial Perennial Annual Perennial Perennial Perennial Origin Native Native Native Native Introduced Introduced Native Native Grass-like Grass-like Baltic Rush Nebraska Sedge Perennial Perennial Native Native Big Bluestem • Perennial • Native Seedhead with 3-major “finger-like” branches USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Hitchcock, A.S. (rev. A. Chase). 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. Washington, DC. University of Idaho Stillinger Herbarium (http://www.pnwherbaria.org) Can have thick scaly rhizomes Big Bluestem • Warm Season • Tallgrass Prairie Dominant Turns red at maturity Tall grass 1.5 feet to 8 feet Mike Haddock K. Launchbaugh Blue Grama • Perennial • Native Eyebrow-like inflorescence Usually 2 branches per seedhead Forms thick sod – mostly basal leaves USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Hitchcock, A.S. (rev. A. Chase). 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. Washington, DC. University of Idaho Stillinger Herbarium (http://www.pnwherbaria.org) Blue Grama •Warm Season • Shortgrass Prairie Dominant Mike Haddock True shortgrass 6 to 20 inches tall Robert Soreng Bluebunch Wheatgrass • Perennial • Native Seeds have awns; bend outward as the seed head dries. Spike Seedhead University of Idaho Stillinger Herbarium (http://www.pnwherbaria.org) USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Hitchcock, A.S. (rev. A. Chase). 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. Washington, DC. Bluebunch Wheatgrass •Cool season • Pacific & Intermountain Bunchgrass Regions Jennifer Peterson Jennifer Peterson Bunchgrass Buffalograss • Perennial • Native Dioecious = Male & Female flowers on different plants Mike Haddock True sodgrass with stolons Mike Haddock Mike USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Hitchcock, A.S. (rev.Haddock A. Chase). 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. Washington, DC. Buffalograss •Warm Season • Shortgrass Prairie Dominant True shortgrass 2 to 8 inches tall Male flower Mike Haddock Female flower Mike Haddock Mike Haddock Cheatgrass/Downy Brome • Annual • Introduced Panicle Inflorescence Turns a purplish color as it matures USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Hitchcock, A.S. (rev. A. Chase). 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. Washington, DC. University of Idaho Stillinger Herbarium (http://www.pnwherbaria.org) Cheatgrass/Downy Brome •Winter Annual • Wildland fire fuel Seedhead is a drooping panicle Jennifer Peterson Crested Wheatgrass • Perennial • Introduced Idaho Rangeland Resource Commission – drawing by Beverly Jaquish Spike Inflorescence Overlapping spikelets; seed head appears feather-like or comb-like University of Idaho Stillinger Herbarium (http://www.pnwherbaria.org) Crested Wheatgrass •Cool Season • Strong Bunchgrass Jennifer Peterson Jennifer Peterson bunchgrass Idaho Fescue • Perennial • Native Panicle Inflorescence Narrow and tightly rolled leaves; 2 to 10 inches long Distinctive rich black, dense, fine fibrous root system Idaho Rangeland Resource Commission – drawing by Beverly Jaquish University of Idaho Stillinger Herbarium (http://www.pnwherbaria.org) Idaho Fescue •Pacific & Intermountain Bunchgrass Regions Jennifer Peterson Strong bunchgrass Tobosa Grass • Perennial • Native Spike inflorescence with fan-like spikelets Rhizmatous sodgrass USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Hitchcock, A.S. (rev. A. Chase). 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. USDA Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. Washington, DC. University of Idaho Stillinger Herbarium (http://www.pnwherbaria.org) Tobosa Grass • Warm season • Desert grasslands Nebraska Sedge • Perennial • Native Triangular stems Male Flowers Female Flowers Leaves arise on three sides of stem USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. 3 vols. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Vol. 1: 423. University of Idaho Stillinger Herbarium (http://www.pnwherbaria.org) Tough, Thick Rhizomes Nebraska Sedge •Important riparian plant •Distinctive blue leaves Male Flowers Female Flowers Sheri Hagwood Baltic Rush • Perennial • Native Seedhead located on the side of stem; below the tip Round stems; no joints Few leaves at the base, not the stem Creeping rhizome USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA NRCS. Wetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. University of Idaho Stillinger Herbarium (http://www.pnwherbaria.org) Baltic Rush •Important wetland plant Robert H. Mohlenbrock K. Launchbaugh
