Download Muscles-and-Tendons-Worksheet

Unit 1: Factors affecting performance
1.4: Muscles and tendons
Name:__________________________________________________________________Form______
Learning Objectives
 Describe the composition and function of skeletal muscle. Compare skeletal muscle with the heart muscle and explain the
differences.
 Understand the difference between slow and fast twitch muscle fibres and how they benefit different forms of exercise.
 Describe how exercise and activities affect the composition and efficiency of muscles and ultimately performance.
 Identify how muscles work as antagonistic pairs to affect movement, their role as prime movers and synergists during specific
movements.
 Understand the role of tendons
Assessment:
A*-C Grade = more in-depth answers and extension work
D-G Grade = answer most questions at foundation level
Introduction
How many muscles are in the human body
How many of those muscles are in the head and neck?
BUT YOU ONLY HAVE TO LEARN AND UNDERSTAND 11 OF THESE MUSCLES ! ! !
Muscles have different shapes and sizes, perform different roles depending on their position in the body, and they can be controlled
or out of your control depending on their function
Activity – Name those muscles
Using appendix 1 – name all the major muscles, use the Internet and your text book
Task 1: Types of Muscles
There are 3 types of muscle in the human body
Group Task
List as many voluntary and involuntary muscles as possible using the sheets of paper.
Task 2: Voluntary / Skeletal Muscles
A* - C Students – Learn the structure of a muscle – See appendix 2
Task 3: Involuntary Muscles
LS - Unit 1: Factors affecting performance (1.4. Muscles and tendons)
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Task 4: Cardiac Muscles
Task 5: Slow & Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres
Muscles contain two different types of fibre.
Each type allows different types of movement.
Slow twitch
Fast twitch
Examples:
Examples:
Task 6: Antagonistic pairs
ANTAGONISTIC
Pairs of muscles that work against each other.
MUSCLES
e.g. biceps and triceps in the arm.
hamstrings and quadriceps in the leg.
The two antagonistic muscles are referred to as the Prime Mover and the Antagonist:
Prime Mover
Antagonist
Synergist
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Muscle and Movement
 Muscles are attached to the bones of the skeleton by tendons
 Muscles are made up of many muscle fibres and when these pull against the skeleton (contract), movement takes place
 Muscles cannot push, this is why they are arranged in pairs so the other muscle can pull in the opposite direction
Task 7: Muscle Contractions for Movement
There are three types of muscle contraction:
Task 8: Isotonic
Definition:
Divided into 2 types:
Concentric
Eccentric
Task 9: Isometric
Definition
The muscles remain the same length throughout.
Parts of the body remain still while other parts are working,
Examples
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Task 10: Isokinetic
Definition:
Happens when the speed of the movement stays the same throughout the movement
e.g. swimming front crawl - the arms are moving at a relatively constant speed as the resistance is constant.
Task 11: Tendons
Attachments
The origin
The insertion
Task 12: Muscle Function and Sporting Significance
Name of Muscles Function
Triceps
Extend the arm at the elbow
Biceps
Flex the arm at the elbow
Deltoids
Move the arm in all directions at the shoulder
Pectorals
Adduct the arm at the shoulder
Trapezius
Hold the shoulders in place,
move head back and sideway
LS - Unit 1: Factors affecting performance (1.4. Muscles and tendons)
Example in sport
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Latissimus dorsi
Adduct and extend the arm at the shoulder
Abdominals
Flex the trunk across the stomach
Gluteals
Adduct and extend leg at the hips
Quadriceps
Extend the leg at the knee
Hamstrings
Flex the leg at the knee
Gastrocnemius
Pointing the toes, help to flex the knee
Extension Work (A* - C grade students work)
1.
Muscle only work in one direction. Do they push or pull? (1 mark)
2.
Name the three types of connective tissue that join muscles and bones. (3 marks)
3.
When sprinting, Marvin’s muscles work antagonistically. Complete the following statements to explain what is happening when
he is sprinting.
When muscles work antagonistically, one muscle ........................................... and the other muscle.........................................
(Total 2 marks)
4.
What type of muscle contraction is taking place:
(i) Whilst Marvin is stationary in the sprint start position? ...........................................................
(Total 1 mark)
(ii) As Marvin moves forward once the race has started? ...........................................................
(Total 1 mark)
Appendix 2 – Muscle in-depth
Homework
Make flash cards with key terms and definitions on them for muscles and movements
Example: What is origin?
Answer: Attach one end of the muscle to a fixed point
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Appendix 1 (Name those muscles)
Label the muscle person with their
scientific name
Triceps
Biceps
Deltoids
Pectorals
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Abdominals
Gluteals
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
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