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Himalayas Abode of the Gods Learning Objectives 1 – Apply the mountain building cycle to the tectonic evolution of the Himalaya. 2 – Understand the unique geological features found in active continent-continent collisions and identify these in other mountain systems. 3 –Understand how continent-continent collisions can change climates and climates can influence the landscape of collisions. 1 – Apply the mountain building cycle to the tectonic evolution of the Himalaya. Igneous rocks? Sedimentary Rocks? Metamorphic Rocks? Question 6.1-2 Where would you explore for gems and mineral resources – for energy resources? Gems and mineral resources Energy Resources Summary of Outcome 6.1 • Mountains are born in the Ocean – Accumulation Phase (passive margin) – Thick deposits of sediment sourced from another mountain building event • Mountains rise by plate convergence and thickening the crust. • Collision zones are the ultimate mountain builders – thicken the crust the most. • Thick continental crust is unstable because it is warm and weak. • Mountain system collapses and erodes, which restarts the cycle. 2 – Understand the unique geological features found in active continent-continent collisions and identify these in other mountain systems. • Subduction initiation (seed of continental crust) • Arc collision (amalgamation of continental crust) Arc-arc collision Arc-Seamount collision Arc-continent collision • Continent – Continent Collision (fusion of continental masses into super continent) • Breakup of super continent by subduction initiation Arc-Continent Collision What happens to a Passive Continental Margin that enters a subduction zone? Accumulation phase crustal thickening phase Price, 1981 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake 2 – Understand the unique geological features found in active continent-continent collisions and identify these in other mountain systems. Sedimentation Metamorphism