Download Greek Mythology - Ms. Maletz and Mrs. Dettelbach

Greek Mythology
Gods and Goddesses
Zeus
► Roman
name: Jupiter
or Jove
► Supreme god of the
Olympians
► Parents: Cronus and
Rhea
► Siblings: Poseidon,
Hades, Hestia,
Demeter, and Hera
Zeus
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Dominion over the
heavens and sky
Controlled: the rain, and
clouds
Weapons: thunder and
lightning
Sacred objects: eagle and
the oak tree
Many of the Greek heroes
are the sons from various
affairs with mortal women
Poseidon
► Roman
name: Neptune
► God of the sea,
earthquakes, and
horses
► Controlled all water
► Weapon: the threepronged trident
► Sacred animals:
dolphin and the horse
Poseidon
► Father
of the hero,
Theseus (killed the
Minotaur)
► Enemy of the hero,
Odysseus (because he
blinded Polyphemus,
Poseidon’s cyclops son)
► Lost to Athena to be
the Patron of the city
of Athens
Hades
► Roman
name: Pluto
► Ruled the underworld,
the world of the dead
► Controlled: wealth
from mining such as
gold, silver, and gems
► Famous for his gloomy
personality, but not
evil
Hades
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Underworld divided into
Tartarus, where the evil
are punished; and Elysian
Fields, where the good are
rewarded
Sacred objects: Helmet of
Darkness, Cypress tree
Abducted Persephone,
Demeter’s daughter, who
became his wife
Hera
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Roman name: Juno
Goddess of marriage,
protectress of married
women, Zeus’ wife, and
queen of the Olympians
Sacred objects: peacock,
cow, fir tree
Often portrayed as the
jealous wife, taking
revenge on the children
produce by Zeus’ affairs
Demeter
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Roman name: Ceres
Goddess of crops, the
harvest, and anything that
grows
Often depicted with a
sheaf of grain and crown
with corn
Sacred objects: snake, pig
and torch
Seasons are the result of
the loss of her daughter,
Persephone to the
underworld
Hestia
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Roman name: Vesta
Virgin goddess of the
hearth and home
She received the first
offering in every home
Sacred objects: the hearth
and pig
Flame of the city hearth
was kept going at all times
by female virgin
attendants (Vestal Virgins)
Aphrodite
Roman name: Venus
► Goddess of love, beauty,
and fertility, protectress of
sailors
► Born of the sea foam
► Married to Hephaestus
► Sacred objects: dove,
swan, sparrow, myrtle
tree, and the rose
► Had many affairs
► Famous son: Eros, a.k.a.
Love or Cupid
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Athena
► Roman
name: Minerva
► Goddess of wisdom,
crafts, battle strategy,
and domestic arts;
patron goddess of
Athens
► Sacred objects: owl,
the olive tree, the
Aegeus, shield with
Medusa’s head
► Born from the head of
Zeus
Athena
► Athena
helped many
heroes including Jason,
Perseus, Cadmus,
Hercules, and
Odysseus
► Athena won the city of
Athens because she
offered the olive tree
while Poseidon offered
a salt-water spring
Ares
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Roman name: Mars
God of war and warlike frenzy
Parents: Zeus and Hera
Often depicted as handsome
and cruel, usually carries a
bloody spear, and his throne is
covered in human skin
Sacred objects: a golden shield,
the dog, the boar, and the
vulture
Mars’ sons are the twins
Romulus and Remus, the
mythical founders of Rome
Hephaestus
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Roman name: Vulcan
The lame god of fire,
crafts, and blacksmiths
Parents: Zeus and Hera
The only ugly god, he is
believed either to have
been born lame and Hera
threw him off Mt. Olympus
or was injured because of
the fall because she
discarded him
Hephaestus
► Sacred
objects: the
blacksmith’s hammer,
the forge, axe, and fire
► Hephaestus created
the first woman,
Pandora as retaliation
against the Titan,
Prometheus stealing
fire and giving it to
man
Hermes
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Roman name: Mercury
Messenger of the gods and
guide of souls to the
underworld
God of speed and
communication, business
and commerce
Patron of travelers (usually
shown in a sun hat)
Hermes
► Reputation
for being
shrewd and a trickster
► Depicted in winged
sandals, wings on his
cap, and carrying a
winged staff with
snakes entwined
around it (Caduceus).
► Credited with the
creation of the lyre
from a turtle shell
Dionysus
► Roman
name: Bacchus
► God of wine and
festivities
► Patron god of the
Greek stage
► Sacred objects, the
grape vine, wine glass,
the tiger
Apollo
► Roman
name: Apollo
(sometimes known as
Phoebus or Helios)
► God of prophesy,
music, medicine, light,
and sometimes the
god of the sun
► Sibling: Artemis, his
twin sister
Apollo
► Weapons:
bow and
arrow
► Sacred objects:
dolphin, the crow, the
golden chariot, the
laurel wreath, and the
lyre
Artemis
Roman name: Diana
Goddess of the hunt,
wilderness, and wild
animals, and childbirth
(sometimes as Selene,
goddess of the moon)
► Weapons: the bow and
arrow
► Sacred objects: deer or
stag, the she-bear
► She fell in love with Orion,
but he was killed in a
hunting accident, so she
remained a virgin
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