Download Coastal Nonliving and Living Resources Prof

Coastal Nonliving and Living
Resources
Prof.Amalesh Choudhury
(Fomer HOD.Dept. of Marine Science,
Calcutta Univ.)
&
Seceratary
S.D.MARINE BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
Sagar Island,West Bengal,India.
Indian Coastal Environment
INDIAN
SUBCONTINENT
•
The coast can be thought of as an area of interaction
between land and the ocean (Ketchum, 1972)
• Importance of Coastal Zone: Coasts being dynamic in
nature are influences differently all around the world.
Coasts provide diverse and productive ecosystems for
the benefit of human populations.
More than 60% of world population reside near the
coast and about two-thirds of the worlds cities occur
near the coast. Diverse eco-system related to biotic
and abiotic coastal resources, tourism and pilgrimage,
port and port related industries and to reap the
economic benefit of all these ecosystems or their
adverse impacts attributed to the coastal environment
and all these activities warrant-coastal zone
management.
Important Ecosystem of Coastal Zone
(Exclusive Economic Zone)
• 1. Tourism and pilgrimage spots of Historical
importance.
• 2. Abiotic resources viz. petroleum products and gas.
• 3. Development of port and port related industries.
• 4. Biotic resources: Mangroves, coral reefs, Estuarine
wetlands, Lagoons (chilika) and marsh grass wet lands.
• Two sectors for West Bengal coast have been focused:
• 1. Sundarban sector.
• 2. Digha sector.
• Sagar Island of Sundarban sector has been primarily
selected for management.
• In Digha sector Haldia to Digha is the prime coastal
zone under consideration for ICZM .
* 60 percent of the world population reside near the
coastal regions of the continents for their sustenance
and multifarious livelihoods.
* The coastal population of West Bengal is around
2.47 million in the three coastal districts-East
Midnapore, North and South 24 parganas (2011
census).
* The main objective of the coastal zone
management is to improve the quality of life of
human communities who depend on coastal
resources, living and nonliving resources, while
maintaining the biological diversity and productivity
of coastal ecosystem.
For Research & Development and Management of
the Marine Resources we have 10 premier
National
Institutions
1.Fishery Survey of India.
2.Zoological survey of India.
3.Botanical Survey of India.
4.Central Inland Fishery Research Institute.
5.Central Marine Fishery Research Institute.
6.Central Institute of Fresh Water Aquaculture.
7.Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture.
8.Central Institute of Fishery Education.
9.Marine Product Export Development Authority.
10.Dept.of Earth Science & Ocean Technology.
Nonliving Coastal Marine Resources
A scientific basis is needed for designing
national policies on exploration, development
and extraction of nonliving resources.
Specially, it is important to assess the potential
of nonliving resources within the country’s
Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ), determine the
broad Research and Development (R&D) policy
requirements to enhance the potential of nonliving resources, and identify potential and
economic benefits from marine nonliving
resources.
The country possesses nonliving resources in
the EEZ whose magnitude and quality are such
that it can transform the country into an
affluent and strong industrial state, if properly
harnessed.
Among these resources are the almost
limitless renewable energy, ocean thermal
gradient, tidal current and waves. Seawater is
virtually a limitless source of fresh water as
well as of metals and other substances
dissolved in it.
The vast tidal current, OTEC (Ocean Thermal
Energy Conversion) which can generate
electricity due to the temp. difference
between the warm surface water and cold
deep bottom water, and wave energy
resources exist in the ocean.
There are also potential petroleum and natural
gas deposits discovered and being explored
from the East coast and West coast littoral and
sub littoral belts.
Elements like sodium, potassium, chlorine,
bromine, iodine, and magnesium are found
dissolved in sea water in economic
concentrations.
Sodium chloride, commonly known as
table salt, can be produced as a by-product in
the production of electricity by OTEC.
Large deposits of Manganese Nodules
(Feromanganese), cobalt rich crusts and
massive sulfides can be found within EEZ and
continental margin.
Given the vast non-living resources, we have
the option to preserve them or let our people
suffer from poverty or take bold steps to
harness them for the benefit of the country.
High Power Agencies have realized the
benefits from our rich resources in the sea by
undertaking R&D geared towards:
1.Transforming undiscovered resources to
known energy and other valuable resources
without undertaking expensive exploration
and development.
2. Indicating how the initially uneconomic
resources can be made economic by
developing the necessary technologies and
improving policies and market conditions to
greatly lowering the cost of extraction of these
resources, and
3. Showing how to overcome environmental
problems due to extraction of non-living
resources.
LIVING RESOURCES FROM THE SEA
INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
* Food resources from the sea
* Drug resources from the sea
* Biotechnological and Industrial
Components From The Sea
* Ornamental and curio supplements from
the sea.
FISHING THE LIVING RESOURCES
•Finfish,Shellfish (shrimps, crabs and mollusks,
oysters, squids, cuttle fish and cockles and
clams).
•Holothuroid(sea cucumber) sea ranching a
type of mariculture.
•Marine edible algae ( green and brown algae)
•Marine green and red algae as source of
medicine and industrial ingredients.
•Culturable pearl mother oysters.
•Conch shells for cultural, religious and
medicinal ingredients.
•Whales, seals and dolphins, sea cows and
porpoises and Marine Turtles.
•Mangrove associated Bio-resources. (Both as
food and medi-resources.
•Coral reef associated Bio-resources(Both as
food and medi-resources).
•benthic blue green algae and Plankton(zooand phyto-) resources.
FISH & FISHERY RESOURCES OF
INDIAN COAST
CORAL REEF RESOURCES OF
INDIAN COAST
THANK YOU