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Drugs Affecting Neoplasms Teresa Peck BSN, RN October 2007 Cancer Disorder of cellular growth, life span and death Abnormal cells multiply, lose ability to function normally Abnormal cells invade tissue and develop growths Treatments for Cancer Combinations of: SURGERY RADIATION CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY The Cell Cycle Antineoplastic Drugs Also called Chemotherapuetic agents, or Anticancer drugs Admistered for cure, control or palliation GOALS Dosing large enough to be cytotoxic, tolerable for normal cells Control of the disease Antineoplastic Drugs cont…. Chemotherapy most effective when___________. Type of drug based on type cancer, size staging-BIOPSIES Cell Cycle Specific Drugs Drug is toxic in a specific phase of cell growth Best response in fast growing cancers Cell Cycle-nonspecific Drugs Drugs active throughout cell life cycle Are dose dependent Work best on slow-growing cancers Combination Therapy Utilizes cell cycle-specific and cell cycle-nonspecific agents together Most effective HOW CHEMOTHERAPY GIVEN Intravenous-usually ports Orally Implanted Intramuscularly Major Groups Chemotherapuetic Agents Alkylating Agents Antimetabolites Natural Products Antineoplastic Antibiotics Hormones Major Groups Chemotherapuetic Agents Targeted Anticancer agents Chemoprotective Agents Bone Marrow Stimulants Nurses and Chemotherapy Drugs Avoid inhalation of aerosols Chemo gloves Disposal of all waste into appropriate containers (yellow) Universal Precautions ALKYLATING AGENTS Largest group of anticancer drugs Cell cycle-nonspecific Affect all phases of the cell cycle Side effects Uses PAGE 717-718 Antimetabolites Oldest group of anticancer drugs Cell Cycle-specific Uses See Table 44-1 Side effects ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIBIOTICS Cell Cycle-nonspecific Inhibits protein and RNA synthesis and binds DNA Uses Side effects See Page 719-720 HORMONES Groups Corticosteroids Estrogens Progestins Androgens Uses Reduce edema Leukemia, lymphomas Palliative Cancer of sexual organs Natural Products Cell Cycle-specific Block the formation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE during mitosis, thus preventing cell division Side effects Chemoprotective Agents Bone Marrow Stimulants Used to enhance body’s immune system See Table 44-3, 44-4 KNOW Procrit, Epogen-RBC Neupogen-WBC Review Questions Why do we give Procrit to cancer patients receiving chemotherapy? Tell me the goals of chemotherapy. Alkylating agents are Cell Cycle-________________. Review Drug Tables in book