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Nations Competed for Overseas Empires: “New Imperialism” Mr. Barchetto Notes #3 Imperialism vs. Colonialism Relationship to Each Other Imperialism: is the practice of a stronger nation dominating a weaker nation…not necessarily a larger nation taken over a smaller nation. Relationships: Imperialism vs. Colonialism Although both terms are essentially the same, it is good to think of imperialism as the idea, and colonialism as the action. Pre-19th century imperialism (Old Imperialism): settlement or trade relationships with indigenous governments Age of Exploration 19th-century imperialism (New Imperialism): occupation and direct rule by Europeans Industrial Revolution Old vs. New Imperialism activity worksheet Old Imperialism vs. New Imperialism Economic Motives: Desire for wealth, riches, and Economic Motives: Expansion of industry by Social/Religious Motives: Desire of Catholic priests to Social/Religious Motives: Racism, missionary zeal to Methods of Conquest: Military conquest of Native Methods of Conquest: Establishment of spheres of new trade routes to Asia (3 g’s-GOLD) spread Christianity in the Americas.(GOD & GLORY) peoples. acquiring new markets and sources of raw materials Christianize natives of Asia, Africa and Pacific Islands influence, colonies, protectorates, or control by private businesses Old Imperialism vs. New Imperialism Patterns of colonial management: Spanish subjected conquered people to a system of forced labor. Dutch & French est. trading posts, & British est. colonies w/ limited self rule Resistance to colonial rule: Natives of New Mexico revolted against Spanish Settlers. Patterns of colonial management : British relied on indirect rule, while other European powers ruled directly through policies of paternalism and assimilation Resistance to colonial rule : Algerians and East Africans failed in resistance attempts; Ethiopians defeated Italians and remained independent Impact of colonization: Impact of colonization : Negative- death of natives from war Negative- death of natives from war & and European diseases, enslavement of European diseases, economic Africans exploitation, arbitrary political division, Positive- global exchange of food breakdown of traditions items and livestock (Columbian Positive- reduced local warfare, Exchange) unification, modernization, raised standards of living. Causes of New Imperialism Success of Industrial Revolution!! Economic Interests Large surpluses due to the technology created during the industrial revolution left Europe needing new markets for their goods; as well as a heavy demand for raw materials from abroad. Political/Military In order to protect European possessions abroad it was important that strategic areas were controlled and secured overseas. Nationalism A strong sense of national pride was associated with conquering lands abroad, which led to competition of European powers to further expansion. Social Darwinism/Humanitarian Goals Europeans began believing that the strongest societies would not only survive but it was their duty/privilege to conquer inferior people/races. There was also this strong belief that the world must be Christianized. Europe believed in its own superiority “I contend that we Britons are the first race in the world, and more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race. I believe it is my duty to God, my Queen, and my country to paint the whole map of Africa red, red from the Cape of Good Hope to Cairo”- Cecil Rhodes The White Man's Burden By Rudyard Kipling Take up the White Man's burden Send forth the best ye breed Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness On fluttered folk and wild Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child. The Burial (1902) –Rudyard Kipling WHEN that great Kings return to clay, Or Emperors in their pride, Grief of a day shall fill a day, Because its creature died. But we—we reckon not with those Whom the mere Fates ordain, This Power that wrought on us and goes Back to the Power again. Dreamer devout, by vision led Beyond our guess or reach, The travail of his spirit bred Cities in place of speech. So huge the all-mastering thought that drove— So brief the term allowed— Nations, not words, he linked to prove His faith before the crowd. It is his will that he look forth Across the world he won— The granite of the ancient North— Great spaces washed with sun. There shall he patient take his seat (As when the Death he dared), And there await a people’s feet In the paths that he prepared. There, till the vision he foresaw Splendid and whole arise, And unimagined Empires draw To council ’neath his skies, The immense and brooding Spirit still Shall quicken and control. Living he was the land, and dead, His soul shall be her soul! Success of New Imperialism Medical Advances Technology Quinine and other medications helped Europeans survive deadly tropical diseases. Allowed Europeans to travel further into Africa & Asia Weapons- Maxim Gun, repeating rifles, steam driven warships Economies- Strong economies lead to money & centralized governments Resistance Technology made it very difficult for African and Asian cultures to fight westernization. Groups will resist and fight even though they do not have the technology Forms of Imperial Rule: Colony: country or a territory governed internally by a foreign power Protectorate: country or a territory with its own internal government but their foreign policy is under the control of an outside power. Condominium: a country ruled jointly by two other nations. Imperial Management Methods Indirect Control: Direct Control: Local government officials Foreign officials are were used to help control area British let limited self-rule in their colonies Goal: develop future leaders (modeled by the West) brought into colonies to rule No self rule Goal: assimilation