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CHAPTER 27 THE DEEPENING OF THE EUROPEAN CRISIS: WORLD WAR II CHAPTER OUTLINE 1) Prelude to War (1933-1939) a) The Role of Hitler b) The “Diplomatic Revolution” (1933-1936) i) German Rearmament ii) Occupation of the Rhineland iii) New Alliances c) The Path to War in Europe (1937-1939) i) Austria ii) Czechoslovakia iii) Poland d) The Path to War in Asia i) Japanese Goals in East Asia 2) The Course of World War II a) Victory and Stalemate i) Hitler’s Attack in the West ii) The Problem of Britain iii) Invasion of the Soviet Union b) The War in Asia c) The Turning Point of the War (1942-1943) i) Battle of Stalingrad ii) Battle of Midway d) The Last Years of the War i) Allied Advances in the West ii) Soviet Offensive in the East iii) Defeat of Japan 3) The New Order a) The Nazi Empire i) Plans for an Aryan Racial Empire ii) Economic Exploitation iii) Use of Foreign Workers b) Resistance Movements i) Resistance Movements in Nazi-Occupied Europe ii) Resistance Movements in Germany c) The Holocaust i) Early Nazi Policy 4) 2 The Death Camps i) The Other Holocaust b) The New Order in Asia 5) The Home Front a) The Mobilization of Peoples i) Great Britain ii) The Soviet Union iii) The United States iv) Germany v) Japan b) Frontline Civilians: The Bombing of Cities i) Luftwaffe Attacks ii) The Bombing of Germany iii) The Bombing of Japan: The Atomic Bomb 6) Aftermath of the War: Cold War a) The Conference at Tehran i) The Yalta Conference b) Intensifying Differences i) The Potsdam Conference c) The Emergence of the Cold War 7) Conclusion MAP EXERCISES 1. World War II in Asia and the Pacific. MAP 27.3. Geographically, what were Japan’s strengths and what were its weakness in waging war in Asia and the Pacific? (page 793) 2. Territorial Changes After World War II. MAP 27.5. Who gained the most territory as the result of World War II? Which German territories were lost and which states gained those lands? What were the explanation or justification for those gains? Given the accomplishments of the Soviet armies, was a pro- Soviet Eastern Europe inevitable? Why and/or why not? (page 810) DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE PRIMARY SOURCES (BOXED DOCUMENTS) 1. “The Munich Conference”: What were the issues that led to the Munich Conference and what were the consequences? Compare the responses of Churchill and Chamberlain to the Munich Conference appeasement agreement. Why did they disagree so much? Did Chamberlain’s actions at Munich directly lead to World War II? Why or why not? In 1938, who was the “realist” and which was the “idealist” and why? (page 787) 2. “A German Soldier at Stalingrad”: What does this excerpt tell you about the attitude of German soldiers prior to the battle of Stalingrad and the degree to which ordinary soldiers understood the realities of modern urban warfare. Did even the generals perceive the costs of urban warfare? Why do you think the author here is so surprised at determined and effective Russian resistance? (page 795) 3. “The Holocaust: The Camp Commandant and the Camp Victims”: What death camp procedures in mass murder did the Germans create for the extermination of people who were Jewish? Why do you think that the Germans were so meticulous in these procedures? What do you think induced German killers to produce so many documents about the construction and conduct of the Holocaust later so valuable in the many war crimes trials of these criminals? Could a similar event take place in the future?(page 802) 4. “The Bombing of Civilians”: What common elements do you find in these different descriptions of bombing raids? What do the three accounts suggest about the progression of bombing destructiveness as the war progressed? What effect did aerial bombing of cities and civilians have on the nature of modern warfare? (page 807) Make a Venn diagram that shows the similarities and differences between the absolute monarchies of the 17th century and the totalitarian dictatorships of the 20th century. Look at goals & methods. prompt: Why was Italy ripe for fascism following WWI and how did the fascists come to power? Mussolini Treaty of Versailles inflation strikes socialists Rome Explain what policies the fascists pursued in each area in Italy. political control: propaganda education: business: Squadristi March on religion/church Draw a political cartoon, using the terms as symbols, that condemns Italy’s drive for an empire in the 1930s. Ethiopia Rome-Berlin Axis Albania rearmament Though Spain was on the periphery of European developments, why do you think the rest of Europe (and the U.S.) was interested in the outcome of its Civil War? Use the map and terms to emphasize your point. Popular Front Falange F. Franco Condor Legion List 5 problems faced by the Weimar Republic. Great Depression a. hyperinflation H. Bruning social welfare programs P. von Hindenburg b. c. d. e. Make a résumé for Hitler that indicates the influences on his life and how he rose to leadership of the Nazi Party. Include at least 10 terms of your own choosing. 3. Imagine you are a foreign visitor attending a Nazi Nuremberg rally. Convey in diary entry the power and fear created by these spectacles. 4. Fill out the chart below for the Nazi. Look up any missing terms. Area Goals Policies economy/labor terror/pol. control education/youth race women diplomacy Nuremberg rallies SS--H. Himmler Hitler Youth/League of German Maidens Nuremberg Laws Kristallnacht Concentration camps League of Nations World Disarmament Conference autarky Ministry of Propaganda J. Goebbels “Triumph of the Will” rearmament Lebensraum euthanasia sterilization 5. assessment: To what extent did the Nazi state fit the theory of totalitarianism? Fill out the chart for the diplomacy leading up to WWII. Year Events Description Effect Year Events Description Effect 1933 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 Disarmament Conference League of Nations rearmament Anglo-German Naval Pact appeasement Rhineland Rome-Berlin Axis/”Pact of Steel” Ethiopia Austrian Anschluss (annexation) Sudetenland Munich Conference annexation of Prague Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Albania Polish Corridor/Danzig Explain 3-4 arguments in favor of and opposed to appeasement. Pro Con a. b. c. d. opinion: Was appeasement a reasonable policy, given the circumstances? Why was Hitler so successful early in the Second World War? Blitzkrieg Dunkirk Indicate on the maps for Europe and Asia the key battles with brief explanation. Vichy Explain how each of the following represented a turning point in the war. Luftwaffe v. RAF-atomic bombs-invasion of USSR-- Pearl Harbor-- El Alamein-- Stalingrad-- Midway-- Normandy/D-Day-- Fill out the chart for the mobilization of the major combatants. Rank their success, 1-4. Nation Policies Issues/Results Rating/Assessment Nation Policies Issues/Results Rating/Assessment G. Britain USSR US Germany * "Dig for Victory"/"Grow Your Own Food" rationing Home Guard * Great Patriotic War "super-centralization" Leningrad "battle for machines" "Night Witches" * African-American migration "arsenal of democracy" (described, not named) women Detroit riots Americans * consumer goods A. Speer women Analyze the ideology and goals behind the Japanese war effort. Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere Japanese- Compose TWO brief letters from the perspective of a collaborator with and resister to the Nazi occupation of your nation. Collaborator Resister Identify 4-5 racial and “asocial” groups targeted by the Nazis and explain their fate. Group Actions/Results a. b. c. d. e. Define the following terms related to the Holocaust. Look up missing terms. “Arbeit Macht Frei”-- SS/H. Himmler-- R. Heydrich-- Einsatzgruppen-- Auschwitz/death camps-- T-4 program (euthanasia)-- Zyklon B-- Wannsee Conf./"Final Solution"-- evaluation: To what extent do the western powers deserve blame for not doing more to prevent or stop the Holocaust? Fill out the chart for the WWII conferences and explain how they set the stage for the Cold War. For missing terms, an excellent resource is www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war Conference Conflicts/Issues Actions Led to Cold War Teheran, 1943 Moscow, 1944 Yalta, 1945 Potsdam, 1945 Decl. on Liberated Europe United Nations free elections reparations Lend-Lease V. Molotov