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CHAPTER 27
THE DEEPENING OF THE EUROPEAN CRISIS:
WORLD WAR II
CHAPTER OUTLINE
1) Prelude to War (1933-1939)
a) The Role of Hitler
b) The “Diplomatic Revolution” (1933-1936)
i)
German Rearmament
ii) Occupation of the Rhineland
iii) New Alliances
c) The Path to War in Europe (1937-1939)
i)
Austria
ii) Czechoslovakia
iii) Poland
d) The Path to War in Asia
i)
Japanese Goals in East Asia
2) The Course of World War II
a) Victory and Stalemate
i)
Hitler’s Attack in the West
ii) The Problem of Britain
iii) Invasion of the Soviet Union
b) The War in Asia
c) The Turning Point of the War (1942-1943)
i)
Battle of Stalingrad
ii) Battle of Midway
d) The Last Years of the War
i)
Allied Advances in the West
ii) Soviet Offensive in the East
iii) Defeat of Japan
3) The New Order
a) The Nazi Empire
i)
Plans for an Aryan Racial Empire
ii) Economic Exploitation
iii) Use of Foreign Workers
b) Resistance Movements
i)
Resistance Movements in Nazi-Occupied Europe
ii) Resistance Movements in Germany
c) The Holocaust
i)
Early Nazi Policy
4) 2 The Death Camps
i)
The Other Holocaust
b) The New Order in Asia
5) The Home Front
a) The Mobilization of Peoples
i)
Great Britain
ii) The Soviet Union
iii) The United States
iv) Germany
v) Japan
b) Frontline Civilians: The Bombing of Cities
i)
Luftwaffe Attacks
ii) The Bombing of Germany
iii) The Bombing of Japan: The Atomic Bomb
6) Aftermath of the War: Cold War
a) The Conference at Tehran
i)
The Yalta Conference
b) Intensifying Differences
i)
The Potsdam Conference
c) The Emergence of the Cold War
7) Conclusion
MAP EXERCISES
1. World War II in Asia and the Pacific. MAP 27.3. Geographically, what were Japan’s strengths and what were its
weakness in waging war in Asia and the Pacific? (page 793)
2. Territorial Changes After World War II. MAP 27.5. Who gained the most territory as the result of World War II?
Which German territories were lost and which states gained those lands? What were the explanation or justification
for those gains? Given the accomplishments of the Soviet armies, was a pro- Soviet Eastern Europe inevitable? Why
and/or why not? (page 810)
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE PRIMARY SOURCES (BOXED
DOCUMENTS)
1. “The Munich Conference”: What were the issues that led to the Munich Conference and what were the
consequences? Compare the responses of Churchill and Chamberlain to the Munich Conference appeasement
agreement. Why did they disagree so much? Did Chamberlain’s actions at Munich directly lead to World War II?
Why or why not? In 1938, who was the “realist” and which was the “idealist” and why? (page 787)
2. “A German Soldier at Stalingrad”: What does this excerpt tell you about the attitude of German soldiers prior to
the battle of Stalingrad and the degree to which ordinary soldiers understood the realities of modern urban warfare.
Did even the generals perceive the costs of urban warfare? Why do you think the author here is so surprised at
determined and effective Russian resistance? (page 795)
3. “The Holocaust: The Camp Commandant and the Camp Victims”: What death camp procedures in mass murder
did the Germans create for the extermination of people who were Jewish? Why do you think that the Germans were
so meticulous in these procedures? What do you think induced German killers to produce so many documents about
the construction and conduct of the Holocaust later so valuable in the many war crimes trials of these criminals?
Could a similar event take place in the future?(page 802)
4. “The Bombing of Civilians”: What common elements do you find in these different descriptions of bombing
raids? What do the three accounts suggest about the progression of bombing destructiveness as the war progressed?
What effect did aerial bombing of cities and civilians have on the nature of modern warfare? (page 807)
Make a Venn diagram that shows the similarities and differences between the absolute
monarchies of the 17th century and the totalitarian dictatorships of the 20th century.
Look at goals & methods.
prompt: Why was Italy ripe for fascism following WWI and how did the fascists come to
power?
Mussolini
Treaty of Versailles
inflation
strikes
socialists
Rome
Explain what policies the fascists pursued in each area in Italy.
political control:
propaganda
education:
business:
Squadristi
March on
religion/church
Draw a political cartoon, using the terms as symbols, that condemns Italy’s drive for an
empire in the 1930s. Ethiopia Rome-Berlin Axis Albania rearmament
Though Spain was on the periphery of European developments, why do you think the
rest of Europe (and the U.S.) was interested in the outcome of its Civil War? Use the
map and terms to emphasize your point. Popular Front Falange F. Franco Condor Legion
List 5 problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
Great Depression
a.
hyperinflation
H. Bruning
social welfare programs
P. von Hindenburg
b.
c.
d.
e.
Make a résumé for Hitler that indicates the influences on his life and how he rose to
leadership of the Nazi Party. Include at least 10 terms of your own choosing.
3. Imagine you are a foreign visitor attending a Nazi Nuremberg rally. Convey in diary
entry the power and fear created by these spectacles.
4. Fill out the chart below for the Nazi. Look up any missing terms.
Area
Goals
Policies
economy/labor
terror/pol. control
education/youth
race
women
diplomacy
Nuremberg rallies SS--H. Himmler Hitler Youth/League of German Maidens
Nuremberg Laws Kristallnacht
Concentration camps League of Nations World Disarmament Conference autarky Ministry of Propaganda
J. Goebbels “Triumph of the Will” rearmament Lebensraum euthanasia sterilization
5. assessment: To what extent did the Nazi state fit the theory of totalitarianism?
Fill out the chart for the diplomacy leading up to WWII.
Year
Events
Description
Effect
Year
Events
Description
Effect
1933
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
Disarmament Conference
League of Nations
rearmament
Anglo-German Naval Pact
appeasement
Rhineland
Rome-Berlin Axis/”Pact of Steel”
Ethiopia
Austrian Anschluss (annexation)
Sudetenland
Munich Conference
annexation of Prague
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Albania Polish Corridor/Danzig
Explain 3-4 arguments in favor of and opposed to appeasement.
Pro
Con
a.
b.
c.
d.
opinion: Was appeasement a reasonable policy, given the circumstances?
Why was Hitler so successful early in the Second World War?
Blitzkrieg
Dunkirk
Indicate on the maps for Europe and Asia the key battles with brief explanation.
Vichy
Explain how each of the following represented a turning point in the war.
Luftwaffe v. RAF-atomic bombs-invasion of USSR--
Pearl Harbor--
El Alamein--
Stalingrad--
Midway--
Normandy/D-Day--
Fill out the chart for the mobilization of the major combatants. Rank their success, 1-4.
Nation
Policies
Issues/Results
Rating/Assessment
Nation
Policies
Issues/Results
Rating/Assessment
G. Britain
USSR
US
Germany
* "Dig for Victory"/"Grow Your Own Food" rationing
Home Guard
* Great Patriotic War "super-centralization"
Leningrad
"battle for machines"
"Night Witches"
* African-American migration "arsenal of democracy" (described, not named)
women
Detroit riots
Americans
* consumer goods A. Speer
women
Analyze the ideology and goals behind the Japanese war effort.
Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere
Japanese-
Compose TWO brief letters from the perspective of a collaborator with and
resister to the Nazi occupation of your nation.
Collaborator
Resister
Identify 4-5 racial and “asocial” groups targeted by the Nazis and explain their
fate.
Group
Actions/Results
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Define the following terms related to the Holocaust. Look up missing terms.
“Arbeit Macht Frei”--
SS/H. Himmler--
R. Heydrich--
Einsatzgruppen--
Auschwitz/death camps--
T-4 program (euthanasia)--
Zyklon B--
Wannsee Conf./"Final Solution"--
evaluation: To what extent do the western powers deserve blame for not doing
more to prevent or stop the Holocaust?
Fill out the chart for the WWII conferences and explain how they set the stage for
the
Cold
War.
For
missing
terms,
an
excellent
resource
is
www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war
Conference
Conflicts/Issues
Actions
Led to Cold War
Teheran, 1943
Moscow, 1944
Yalta, 1945
Potsdam, 1945
Decl. on Liberated Europe
United Nations
free elections
reparations
Lend-Lease
V. Molotov