Download cranial nerves Names of cranial nerves

cranial nerves
Names of cranial nerves
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Ⅰ Olfactory nerve
Ⅱ Optic nerve
Ⅲ Oculomotor nerve
Ⅳ Trochlear nerve
Ⅴ Trigeminal nerve
Ⅵ Abducent nerve
Ⅶ Facial nerve
Ⅷ Vestibulocochlear nerve
Ⅸ Glossopharyngeal nerve
Ⅹ Vagus nerve
Ⅺ Accessory nerve
Ⅻ Hypoglossal nerve
Functional components
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General somatic afferent fibers (GSA): transmit exteroceptive
and proprioceptive impulses from head and face to somatic
sensory nuclei
Special somatic afferent fibers (SSA): transmit sensory impulses
from special sense organs of vision, equilibrium and hearing to the
brain
General visceral afferent fibers (GVA): transmit interoceptive
impulses from the viscera to the visceral sensory nuclei
Special visceral afferent fibers (SVA): transmit sensory impulses
from special sense organs of smell and taste to the brain
General somatic efferent fibers (GSE): innervate skeletal
muscles of eye and tongue
Special visceral efferent fibers (SVE): transmit motor impulses
from the brain to skeletal muscles derived from brachial (gill)
arches of embryo. These include the muscles of mastication, facial
expression and swallowing
General visceral efferent fibers (GVE): transmit motor impulses
from the general visceral motor nuclei and relayed in
parasympathetic ganglions. The postganglionic fibers supply
cardiac muscles，smooth muscles and glands
Classification of cranial nerves
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Sensory cranial nerves: contain only afferent (sensory) fibers
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Motor cranial nerves: contain only efferent (motor) fibers
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ⅠOlfactory nerve
ⅡOptic nerve
Ⅷ Vestibulocochlear nerve
Ⅲ Oculomotor nerve
Ⅳ Trochlear nerve
ⅥAbducent nerve
Ⅺ Accessory nerv
Ⅻ Hypoglossal nerve
Mixed nerves: contain both sensory and motor fibers--
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ⅤTrigeminal nerve,
Ⅶ Facial nerve,
ⅨGlossopharyngeal nerve
ⅩVagus nerve
Sensory cranial nerves
N.
Location of cell
body and axon
categories
Cranial
exit
Terminal
nuclei
Main
action
Ⅰ
Olfactory cells
(SVA)
Cribrifom Olfactory
foramina bulb
Smell
Ⅱ
Ganglion cells
(SSA)
Optic
canal
Lateral
geniculate
body
Vision
Ⅷ
Vestibular
ganglion(SSA)
Internal
acoustic
meatus
Vestibular
nuclei
Equilibri
um
Cochlear
nuclei
Hearing
Cochlear
ganglion (SSA)
Motor cranial nerves
N.
Nucleus of origin and
axon categories
Cranial exit
Main action
Ⅲ
Nucleus of oculomotor
(GSE)
Superior orbital
fissure
Motor to superior, inferior
and medial recti; inferior
oblique; levator palpebrae
superioris
Accessory nucleus of
oculomotor (GVE)
Parasympathetic to
sphincter pupillea and
ciliary muscles
Ⅳ
Nucleus of trochlear
nerve (GSE)
Superior orbital
fissure
Motor to superior oblique
Ⅵ
Nucleus of abducent
nerve (GSE)
Superior orbital
fissure
Motor to lateral rectus
Ⅺ
Nucleus of accessory
nerve (SVE)
Jugular foramen
Motor to
sternocleidomastoid and
trapezius
Ⅻ
Nucleus of hypoglossal Hypoglossal canal
nerve( GSE)
Motor to muscles of
tongue except palatoglossus
General somatic efferent nuclei
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Nucleus of oculomotor n.
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Nucleus of trochlear n.
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Nucleus of abducent n.
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Nucleus of hypoglossal n.
Special visceral motor nuclei
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Motor nucleus of trigeminal n.
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Nucleus of facial n.
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Nucleus ambiguous
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Accessory nucleus
Special visceral efferent nuclei
Nucleus
Site
Cranial n.
Function
Motor nucleus of
trigeminal n.
Pons
Ⅴ
Masticatory muscles,
tensor palati & t. tympani
Nucleus of facial n.
Pons
Ⅶ
Facial m., platysma,
posterior belly of digastric,
stylohyoid, stapedius
Nucleus ambiguus
Medulla
Ⅸ,Ⅹ.Ⅺ
Skeletal m. of pharynx,
larynx and upper part of
esophagus
Accessory nucleus
MedullaⅪ
cervical cord
Sternocleidomastoid,
trapezius
General visceral motor nuclei
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Accessory
oculomotor nucleus
Superior salivatory
nucleus
Inferior salivertory
nucleus
Dorsal nucleus of
vagus n.
General visceral efferent nuclei
Nucleus
Site
Cranial
nerve
Function
Accessory
oculomotor nucleus
Midbrain
Ⅲ
Sphincter pupillae and
ciliary m.
Superior salivatory
nucleus
Pons
Ⅶ
Submandibular,
sublingual and lacrimal
glands
Inferior salivertory
nucleus
Medulla
Ⅸ
Parotid gland
Dorsal nucleus of
vagus n.
medulla
Ⅹ
Many cervical,
thoracic and abdominal
viscera
Visceral sensory nuclei
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Nucleus of solitary tract
( general and special )
Visceral sensory nuclei ( general and special )
Nucleus
Site
Cranial n.
Function
Nucleus of
solitary tract
Medulla
Ⅶ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ
Taste and visceral
sensation
General somatic afferent nuclei
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Mesencephalic
nucleus of trigeminal
n.
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Main sensory nucleus
of trigeminal n.
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Spinal nucleus of
trigeminal n.
General somatic sensory nuclei
Nucleus
Site
Cranial n. Function
Mesencephalic
nucleus of
trigeminal n.
Main sensory
nucleus of
trigeminal n.
Spinal nucleus of
trigeminal n.
Midbrain
Ⅴ
Proprioception
of head
Pons
Ⅴ
Tactile sensation
of face
Medulla
upto 2nd
cx. seg.
Ⅴ
Pain and
temperature
sense of face
Special somatic afferent nuclei
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Cochlear nuclei 2
- Dorsal
- Ventral
Vestibular nuclei 4
- Superior
- Inferior
- Medial
- Lateral
Special somatic afferent nuclei
Nucleus
Site
Cranial n. Function
Cochlear
nuclei
Pons and
medulla
Ⅷ
Sense of hearing
Vestibular
nuclei
Pons and
medulla
Ⅷ
Sense of
equilibrium
Non-cranial nerve nuclei
Nucleus
Site
Gracile nucleus
Medulla (underneath gracile tubercle)
Cuneate nucleus
Medulla (underneath cuneate tubercle)
Superior olivery nucleus
Pons
Pontine nucleus
pons
Nucleus of inferior colliculus
Midbrain
Gray matter layers of superior
colliculus
Midbrain
Red nucleus
Midbrain
Substantia nigra
Midbrain
Pretectal area
Midbrain