Download 4th S.S.T - Army Goodwill School

ARMY GOODWILL SCHOOL, BONIYAR
HANDOUTS
Class: 4th
Subject: S.St.
“OUR MINERAL RESOURCES”
1.
Introduction:- Learning about mineral resources and its types available in India and their
importance.
2.
Minerals: Minerals naturally occurring substances in the earth crust. These
minerals combine to form rocks. These have a definite chemical composition and
physical properties which include colour, texture, hardness and luster. On the basis of
their physical properties they are grouped under two main categories:
Metallic and Non-metallic.
Minerals also exist in ores, eg. Bauxite is an ore of aluminum and hematite is an ore of
iron.
Minerals found in India: India is a mineral-rich country. They are generally found in three
broad belts in India
(a) The north-east Plateau Region (Chotonagpur Plateau)
(b) The south-western plateau region. (South-west of Deccan Plateau)
(c) The north-western region (Aravalli in Rajasthan and Parts of Gujarat)
3.
Metallic Minerals:
(a)
Iron Ore - it is the backbone of heavy industries. India has the largest
reserve of iron ore in Asia recording 20 billion tones. About 95% of its deposits are
located in Odisha, Jharkhand,Chattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa, Andra Pradesh and
Tamil Nadu. Its important mines are Mayurbhanj, Kiruburu and kendujhar. Some
of India’s main steel plants are located ate Jamshedpu, Rourkella ,
Bhilai,Durgapur and Bokaro.
(b)
Copper : Copper is mainly used for making wires, electric motors,
transformers and generators. It is also mixed with gold to provide strength to
jewellery. Its deposits mainly occur in Singhbhum in Jharkhand, Balaghat in
Madhyapradesh and Jhunhunu and Alwar in Rajasthan.
(c)
Manganese: It is important raw material used in smelting of iron ore and
manufacturing of alloys. India has the record largest deposits of manganese in the
world. It is mined in Kendujhar and Sundergarh in Odisha, and Bellary and
Belguam in Karnataka.
4.
Metallic Minerals:
(a) Coal : It is known as black gold because of its important in heavy industries.
About 80% coal deposits in India are bituminous type and non-cooking type. The
most importance coal deposits are in Jharkhand –Bengal coal belt and important
coal fields are Ranigang, Jharia and Bokaro and important mining centres and
Singrauli, Korba and Rampur.
(b) Petrolium : it is the main source of fuel for automobile, railways and aircraft. Its
by products include fertilizers, synthetic rubber, medicines, lubricant, soap and
cosmetics. Dioboi and Naharkatiya in Assam and Ankaleshwar and Kalol in
Gujarat are important oil fields and refining sites.
(c) Natural Gas : It is mainly used for generating power. It is obtained along with oil
in all the fields. The reverses of natural gas are located along the coast of
Tamilnadu, odisha and Andra Pradesh.
5.
Saving our Resources : all minerals take thousands of years to develop but they
are getting exhausted at a rapid pace. So they have to conserve. Promoting the use of
renewable energy, recycling of metals by using scrap and closely monitoring trade
practices of the minerals industries are some to conserve minerals.
6.
Conclusion : The conclusion we may say that Minerals are naturally occurring
substances in the Earth’s crust. Minerals are of two types-metallic and non-metallic. Iron
ore and coal are the most important minerals because they support heavy industries.
Promotion of renewable energy, recycling of metals and monitoring trade practices in
minerals industries are a few steps taken to conserve minerals.