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ARMY GOODWILL SCHOOL, BONIYAR HANDOUTS Class: 4th Subject: S.St. “OUR MINERAL RESOURCES” 1. Introduction:- Learning about mineral resources and its types available in India and their importance. 2. Minerals: Minerals naturally occurring substances in the earth crust. These minerals combine to form rocks. These have a definite chemical composition and physical properties which include colour, texture, hardness and luster. On the basis of their physical properties they are grouped under two main categories: Metallic and Non-metallic. Minerals also exist in ores, eg. Bauxite is an ore of aluminum and hematite is an ore of iron. Minerals found in India: India is a mineral-rich country. They are generally found in three broad belts in India (a) The north-east Plateau Region (Chotonagpur Plateau) (b) The south-western plateau region. (South-west of Deccan Plateau) (c) The north-western region (Aravalli in Rajasthan and Parts of Gujarat) 3. Metallic Minerals: (a) Iron Ore - it is the backbone of heavy industries. India has the largest reserve of iron ore in Asia recording 20 billion tones. About 95% of its deposits are located in Odisha, Jharkhand,Chattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa, Andra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Its important mines are Mayurbhanj, Kiruburu and kendujhar. Some of India’s main steel plants are located ate Jamshedpu, Rourkella , Bhilai,Durgapur and Bokaro. (b) Copper : Copper is mainly used for making wires, electric motors, transformers and generators. It is also mixed with gold to provide strength to jewellery. Its deposits mainly occur in Singhbhum in Jharkhand, Balaghat in Madhyapradesh and Jhunhunu and Alwar in Rajasthan. (c) Manganese: It is important raw material used in smelting of iron ore and manufacturing of alloys. India has the record largest deposits of manganese in the world. It is mined in Kendujhar and Sundergarh in Odisha, and Bellary and Belguam in Karnataka. 4. Metallic Minerals: (a) Coal : It is known as black gold because of its important in heavy industries. About 80% coal deposits in India are bituminous type and non-cooking type. The most importance coal deposits are in Jharkhand –Bengal coal belt and important coal fields are Ranigang, Jharia and Bokaro and important mining centres and Singrauli, Korba and Rampur. (b) Petrolium : it is the main source of fuel for automobile, railways and aircraft. Its by products include fertilizers, synthetic rubber, medicines, lubricant, soap and cosmetics. Dioboi and Naharkatiya in Assam and Ankaleshwar and Kalol in Gujarat are important oil fields and refining sites. (c) Natural Gas : It is mainly used for generating power. It is obtained along with oil in all the fields. The reverses of natural gas are located along the coast of Tamilnadu, odisha and Andra Pradesh. 5. Saving our Resources : all minerals take thousands of years to develop but they are getting exhausted at a rapid pace. So they have to conserve. Promoting the use of renewable energy, recycling of metals by using scrap and closely monitoring trade practices of the minerals industries are some to conserve minerals. 6. Conclusion : The conclusion we may say that Minerals are naturally occurring substances in the Earth’s crust. Minerals are of two types-metallic and non-metallic. Iron ore and coal are the most important minerals because they support heavy industries. Promotion of renewable energy, recycling of metals and monitoring trade practices in minerals industries are a few steps taken to conserve minerals.