Download The main objective of the Avian Disease Manual has been to be an

The main objective of the Avian Disease Manual has been to be an inexpensive, concise and
functional teaching reference for anyone interested in the major diseases of poultry. This manual
attempts to condense and simplify the great mass of information available on poultry diseases
and serve as introductory material for veterinary students, poultry science students, and others
who are interested in avian diseases. The main text is composed of a series of descriptions of
major poultry diseases, each in moderate detail and in a format that has been useful in teaching.
Diseases described in the text are grouped by the nature of the etiologic agent (viral, bacterial,
mycotic, parasitic, nutritional, etc.). The appendix contains tables for each body system and
permit a rapid overview of most diseases of each system.
This edition of the Avian Disease Manual attempts to further the main objective of being a
teaching resource by providing photographs of many of the gross lesions encountered in the
various diseases. To accomplish this task and maintain the inexpensive characteristic of previous
editions, the printed manual has an accompanied CD version which contains the photos. The
figures are only viewable in the electronic version and are hyper-linked to the photo from their
location in the text.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VIRAL DISEASES
AVIAN ADENOVIRAL INFECTIONS .........................................................................................2
I. QUAIL BRONCHITIS...................................................................................................3
II. INCLUSION BODY HEPATITIS..................................................................................5
III. HEMORRHAGIC ENTERITIS OF TURKEYS ............................................................7
IV. EGG DROP SYNDROME—1976..............................................................................9
AVIAN ENCEPHALOMYELITIS ..............................................................................................12
AVIAN INFLUENZA.................................................................................................................15
AVIAN PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTION.......................................................................................19
AVIAN VIRAL TUMORS ..........................................................................................................22
I. MAREK'S DISEASE....................................................................................................22
II. AVIAN LEUKOSIS/SARCOMA VIRUSES .................................................................24
III. RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS..................................................................................26
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF AVIAN TUMORS ......................................................29
CHICKEN INFECTIOUS ANEMIA ...........................................................................................30
CORONAVIRAL ENTERITIS OF TURKEYS ...........................................................................32
DUCK VIRUS ENTERITIS........................................................................................................35
DUCK VIRUS HEPATITIS........................................................................................................38
EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRAL INFECTION.........................................................................41
FOWL POX ..............................................................................................................................43
INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS.....................................................................................................46
INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE ...........................................................................................49
INFECTIOUS LARYNGOTRACHEITIS....................................................................................52
NEWCASTLE DISEASE ..........................................................................................................55
TURKEY VIRAL HEPATITIS ...................................................................................................60
VIRAL ARTHRITIS...................................................................................................................62
BACTERIAL DISEASES
AVIAN CHLAMYDIOSIS..........................................................................................................65
AVIAN TUBERCULOSIS .........................................................................................................68
BORDETELLOSIS ...................................................................................................................71
BOTULISM............................................................................................................................. .74
COLIBACILLOSIS ...................................................................................................................77
ERYSIPELAS..........................................................................................................................81
FOWL CHOLERA ....................................................................................................................84
GANGRENOUS DERMATITIS.................................................................................................88
INFECTIOUS CORYZA............................................................................................................90
MYCOPLASMOSIS..................................................................................................................93
I. MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM INFECTION........................................................93
II. MYCOPLASMA MELEAGRIDIS INFECTION............................................................96
III. MYCOPLASMA SYNOVIAE INFECTION .................................................................98
NECROTIC ENTERITIS .........................................................................................................102
ORNITHOBACTERIUM RHINOTRACHEALE INFECTION...................................................104
SALMONELLOSIS.................................................................................................................106
I. PULLORUM DISEASE ............................................................................................106
II. FOWL TYPHOID.....................................................................................................109
III. ARIZONOSIS.........................................................................................................110
IV. PARATYPHOID INFECTION.................................................................................112
SPIROCHETOSIS..................................................................................................................115
STAPHYLOCOCCOSIS.........................................................................................................117
ULCERATIVE ENTERITIS .....................................................................................................120
VIBRIONIC HEPATITIS .........................................................................................................122
FUNGAL DISEASES
ASPERGILLOSIS ..................................................................................................................124
CANDIDIASIS ........................................................................................................................127
DACTYLARIOSIS ..................................................................................................................129
FAVUS ..................................................................................................................................130
MYCOTOXICOSIS .................................................................................................................131
I. AFLATOXICOSIS ....................................................................................................132
II. CITRININ MYCOTOXICOSIS .................................................................................133
III. ERGOTISM............................................................................................................133
IV. OCHRATOXICOSIS ..............................................................................................134
V. OOSPOREIN MYCOTOXICOSIS...........................................................................134
VI. TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXICOSIS ................................................................135
VII. ZEARALENONE MYCOTOXICOSIS....................................................................135
PARASITIC DISEASES
EXTERNAL PARASITES.......................................................................................................140
I. LICE.........................................................................................................................140
II. MITES.................................................................................................................... .141
III. MISCELLANEOUS PESTS....................................................................................142
INTERNAL PARASITES........................................................................................................144
I. NEMATODES, CESTODES AND TREMATODES ( “WORMS” AND FLUKES).......144
II. BLOOD-BORNE PROTOZOAL PARASITES ........................................................144
III. PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT ..................................146
IV. OTHER PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS ....................................................................155
NUTRITIONAL DISEASES
VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES.......................................................................................................161
BIOTIN DEFICIENCY.............................................................................................................162
RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY...................................................................................................163
VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY.......................................................................................................165
VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY.......................................................................................................167
RICKETS...............................................................................................................................170
FATTY LIVER-HEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME ......................................................................172
MISCELLANOUS DISEASES
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES OF CHICKENS.................................................................174
I. ASCITES OR PULMONARY HYPERTENSION SYNDROME.................................174
II. SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME OF CHICKENS.....................................................175
III. ROUND HEART DISEASE OF CHICKENS...........................................................176
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES OF TURKEYS ..................................................................177
I. AORTIC RUPTURE OR DISSECTING ANEURYSM...............................................177
II. DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY OF TURKEYS (ROUND HEART DISEASE)........177
III. SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME OF TURKEYS (PERIRENAL HEMORRHAGE)...177
DIGESTIVE DISORDERS ......................................................................................................179
I. PENDULOUS CROP ................................................................................................179
II. PROVENTRICULAR DILATION .............................................................................179
DIGESTIVE DISORDERS OF CHICKENS.............................................................................180
I. DYSBACTERIOSIS ..................................................................................................180
II. POLYCYSTIC ENTERITIS OF BROILER CHICKENS or
RUNTING-STUNTING SYNDROME OF BROILER CHICKENS............................180
III. TRANSMISSIBLE VIRAL PROVENTRICULITIS ....................................................182
IV. NECROTIC HEMORRHAGIC HEPATITIS ............................................................182
DIGESTIVE DISORDERS OF TURKEYS ..............................................................................184
I. POULT ENTERITIS COMPLEX...............................................................................184
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS ....................................................................................186
I. ANGULAR BONE DEFORMITY ..............................................................................186
II. CHONDRODYSTROPHY.......................................................................................186
III. CONTACT DERMATITIS OF FOOT PADS ...........................................................186
IV. DEEP PECTORAL MYOPATHY ...........................................................................186
V. FEMORAL HEAD NECROSIS................................................................................187
VI. IATROGENIC TRAUMA TO THE FEMORAL HEAD..............................................187
VII. OSTEOPOROSIS..................................................................................................187
VIII. OSTEOMYELITIS.................................................................................................187
IX. OSTEOMYELITIS / SYNOVITIS............................................................................187
X. OSTEOPOROSIS...................................................................................................188
XI. PEROSIS...............................................................................................................188
XII. RICKETS..............................................................................................................188
XIII. SHAKY LEG ........................................................................................................188
XIV. SPLAY LEG ........................................................................................................188
XV. SPONDYLOLISTHESIS.......................................................................................188
XVI. TENDON AVULSION AND RUPTURE...............................................................189
XVII. TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA.........................................................................189
XVIII. TIBIAL ROTATION............................................................................................189
XIX. TWISTED TOES .................................................................................................189
REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS.............................................................................................190
I. OVARIAN LESIONS ................................................................................................190
II. OVIDUCT LESIONS ...............................................................................................190
URINARY DISORDERS.........................................................................................................192
UROLITHIASIS........................................................................................................... .192
INTEGUMENT DISORDERS..................................................................................................194
I. KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS.....................................................................................194
II. SCABBY HIP SYNDROME.....................................................................................194
III. STERNAL BURSITIS.............................................................................................194
IV. XANTHOMATOSIS ...............................................................................................194
BEHAVIOR DISORDERS ......................................................................................................195
I. CANNIBALISM.........................................................................................................195
II. HYSTERIA..............................................................................................................195
MANAGEMENT-RELATED DISORDERS .............................................................................196
I. DEHYDRATION/STARVATION OF CHICKS/POULTS ...........................................196
II. HYPOGLYCEMIA-SPIKING MORTALITY SYNDROME .........................................196
IN BROILER CHICKENS.............................................................................................196
III. HEAT STRESS and HYPERTHERMIA...................................................................197
IV. VACCINE REACTION (ROLLING REACTION).....................................................198
APPENDIX
DISEASES OF CHICKENS AND TURKEYS CORRELATED WITH AGE ............................200
DISEASES WITH LESIONS IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS.................................206
DISEASES WITH SIGNS SUGGESTIVE OF CNS DISEASEA ..............................................207
DISEASE WITH LESIONS IN THE MOUTH, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, CROP,
PROVENTRICULUS, GIZZARD..................................................................................209
DISEASES WITH LESIONS IN THE INTESTINE ..................................................................210
DISEASES WITH LESIONS IN LIVER...................................................................................213
DISEASES WITH LESIONS IN HEMOPOIETIC SYSTEMA...................................................215
DISEASES WITH LESIONS IN THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ................................217
DISEASES WITH LESIONS IN THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT ...........................................220
DISEASES WITH LESIONS IN THE RESPIRATORY TRACTA ............................................221
DISEASES WITH LESIONS IN SKIN.....................................................................................223
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF COMMON RESPIRATORY
DISEASE OF CHICKENS ...........................................................................................225
POULTRY DRUG USE GUIDE ..............................................................................................227
NECROPSY OF THE FOWL..................................................................................................232
GLOSSARY.................................................................................................................234
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