Download [6] B.Gmbh, “CAN specification” vol 1 Version 2.0, 1991.

Designing the Vehicle Monitoring System Using Controller Area Network (CAN) Protocol and
implementation by using ARM Microcontroller
R.Siva Babu
Student,
Gudlvalleru engineering college,
[email protected]
Abstract: Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is a
vehicle bus is communication in a vehicle between
microcontrollers and electronic devices without a
host computer. CAN bus is a message-based
protocol, designed specifically for automotive
applications but it is also used in other areas such as
aerospace, maritime, industrial automation and
medical equipment. CAN is a standard protocol for
efficient and reliable communication between sensor,
actuator, controller and other nodes in real-time
applications. This project is aimed at the
implementation of CAN protocol using ARM
Microcontroller for vehicle monitoring and
controlling system. This paper presents the
development and implementation of a digital driving
system for a semi-autonomous vehicle to improve the
driver-vehicle interface. It uses an ARM based data
acquisition system that uses ADC to bring all control
data from analog to digital format and visualize
through LCD. The communication module used in
this project is embedded networking by CAN which
has efficient data transfer. It also takes feedback of
vehicle conditions like Vehicle speed, Engine
temperature etc., and controlled by main controller.
The main feature is to monitor various parameters
such as presence of CO level, Battery voltage, Light
Dependent Resistor (LDR), Temperature. In this each
sensed parameter is prioritized and gives the
appropriate output to do the specified task. The
program is compiled in KEIL μvision3 using
Embedded C. Hardware is implemented and software
porting is done. The benefits of CAN bus based
network over traditional point to point schemes will
offer increased flexibility and expandability for
future technology insertions.
KEYWORDS— Controller Area Network (CAN)
protocol, CO level, LDR, KEIL compiler, ARM
Microcontroller.
Sri.V.Narasimha Rao
Assistant Professor,
Gudlavalleru engineering college,
[email protected]
I. INTRODUCTION
The rapid changing of technology in the embedded
systems causes the much of the technology finding
way into vehicles. They are undergoing dramatic
changes in their capabilities and how they interact
with the drivers. Although some vehicles have
provisions for deciding to either generate warnings
for the human driver or controlling the vehicle
autonomously, they usually must make these
decisions in real time with only incomplete
information. So, it is important that human drivers
still have some control over the vehicle. Advanced
in-vehicle information systems provide vehicles with
different types and levels of intelligence to assist the
driver. The introduction into the vehicle design has
allowed an almost symbiotic relationship between the
driver and vehicle by providing a sophisticated &
intelligent driver-vehicle interface through an
intelligent information network. This paper discusses
the development of such a control framework for the
vehicle which is called the digital-driving behavior,
which consists of a joint mechanism between the
driver and vehicle for perception, decision making
and control. A collision avoidance system is a system
of sensors that is placed within a car to warn its
driver of any dangers that may lie ahead on the road.
Some of the dangers that these sensors can pick up on
include how close the car is to other cars surrounding
it, how much its speed needs to be reduced while
going around a curve, and how close the car is to
going off the road.
The system uses sensors that send and
receive signals from things like other cars; obstacles
in the road, traffic lights, and even a central database
are placed with in the car and tell it of any weather or
traffic precautions. A situation that provides a good
example of how the system works is when a driver is
about to change lanes, and there is a car in his blind
spot. The sensors will detect that car and inform the
driver before he starts turning, preventing him from
potentially getting into a serious accident. Ultrasonic
sensor is adapted to measure the distance with respect
to the previous car. For rear-end end collision
avoidance subsystem, the currently available
ultrasonic sensors for vehicles are adopted for
approaching cars with relatively low speed. While the
rough reading of distance data cannot bem applied
directly, an intelligent approach is proposed to
process the raw distance readout of sensors to
produce appropriate warning signals.
monitoring. These parameters are implemented using
CAN Bus. This monitoring system consist of two
nodes and are connect by CAN Bus. The two nodes
are ARM microcontroller which uses LPC2148
series.
HARDWARE DESIGN:
Fig1. Existing and Proposed vehicle control
system
The remote frame is used by the receiving unit to
request transmission of a message from the
transmitting unit. It consists of six fields: start of
frame, arbitration field, control field, CRC field,
ACK field, and end of frame field. A remote frame is
the same as a data frame except that it lacks a data
field. Error frames are generated and transmitted by
the CAN hardware and are used to indicate when an
error has occurred during transmission. An error
frame consists of an error flag and an error delimiter.
There are two types of error flags. They are active
and passive. The overload frame is used by the
receiving unit to indicate that it is not yet ready to
receive frames. This frame consists of an overload
flag and an overload delimiter. A vehicle was
generally built with an analog driver vehicle interface
for indicating various parameters of vehicle status
like temperature, pressure and speed etc. To improve
the driver-vehicle interface, an interactive digital
system is designed. A microcontroller based data
acquisition system that uses ADC to bring all control
data from analog to digital format is used. Since the
in-vehicle information systems are spread out all over
the body of a practical vehicle, a communication
module that supports to implement a one stop control
of the vehicle through the master controller of the
digital driving system.
II. IMPLEMENTATION AND WORKING CAN
BASED MONITORING SYSTEM
In this system, the different parameters such as CO
level, temperature, battery voltage, LDR is
Fig2. Hardware diagram
A. CO level monitoring system:
If the air conditioner is not serviced or maintained
properly and if the filter is not cleaned regularly,
definitely there will be a leakage from air
conditioner. This leakage may be of CO. Normally
Carbon Monoxide is colourless, odourless and
tasteless gas that is slightly less than air. It is toxic to
humans and animals when encountered in high
concentration. To avoid this problem in a vehicle, CO
sensor is fixed inside the vehicle and the
concentration of CO or other gases apart from
oxygen is continuously monitored and displayed in
LCD. Gas sensor MQ2 used for to find out the gas
activity in the vehicle and it is displayed in LCD.
B. Temperature sensor
The temperature is used to measure the temperature
in the vehicle. The measurement of the temperature is
done by using thermistor. The gas sensor is used to
find the temperature is LM35. In this sensor the
temperature is proportional to the electrical output.
LM35 does not require any amplifier because it can
generate the required output. The output voltage is
measured in terms of the Celsius temperature.
of standard identifier can reduce the data length and
improve data transmission efficiency.
C. LDR
CAN is a LAN (Local Area Network) controller
CAN bus can transfer the serial data one by one. All
participants in the CAN bus subsystems are
accessible via the control unit on the CAN bus
interface for sending and receiving data. CAN bus is
a multi-channel transmission system. When a unit
fails, it does not affect others. The data transfer rate
of CAN bus in a vehicle system is different. For
example, the rate of engine control system and ABS
is high speed of real-time control fashion of 125Kbps
to 1M bps.
The light sensors are generally used for converting
light energy into electrical signal output. In these
sensors the resistance changed according to the light.
If the resistance of the sensor is decreases then the
conductivity of the light increased. LDR sensor is
connected to the LM358 series consists of two
independent, high gain, internally frequency
compensated operational amplifiers
CAN Bus in an Automobile
D. Battery voltage
IV. RESULTS
This is used to find the battery voltage in the
vehicles. The output of the battery voltage is applied
to engine side of LPC2148. It process the battery
output and displays on the monitoring side of the Lcd
E. Transceiver
CAN transceiver MCP2551 adapts signal level from
the bus to level that the CAN controller expects and
has protective circuitry that protects the CAN
controller. It converts the transmit-bit signal received
from the CAN controller into a signal that is sent
onto the bus.
F. Output Devices
According to the inputs from various sensors warning
signals are given to the driver and sensor output
displays on the LCD display. The results can also
displayed on computer by using DB9 connector
which connected monitoring side to the serial port.
Fig 3. Hardware circuit
Figure 3 shows the hardware circuit for can controller
based vehicle monitoring system using arm
processor.
III. DESIGN SCHEME OF COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOL
The design scheme of communication protocol is
explained in this section. Identifier of the message is
the unique character for the application program to
distinguish messages. In this communication system,
when a node receives a message correctly (until the
last bit of the EOF area is right), the configured filter
box message, and then save the messages with
matched ID in receiving box. By using this feature,
communication protocol can be made. Different
identifiers are set for every data type or control
command in this system, then distinguish the
received messages conveniently, and choose
corresponding processing mode. The standard format
of identifier is used in this system. It has 11 bits. Use
Fig 4. Software output display
The results of various sensors outputs can be
displayed on personal computer by using X-CTU
version 5.1.4.1 software.
V.CONCLUSION
The parameter in a vehicle is monitored and
necessary control has been made for each parameter
by using CAN protocol. The concentration of Carbon
Monoxide (CO) is maintained below 300 ppm, to
avoid breathing problem while inside the vehicle.
The different parameters are monitored using these
sensor and are displayed in LCD. A closed loop
control has been made for these parameters and each
parameter is prioritized. System can be upgraded
easily and use of CAN reduces wiring to a great
extent. Real-time, reliability and flexibility, all these
characteristics make CAN BUS an indispensable
network communication technology applied in
automobile network communication field. Also, use
of ARM 7 processor ensures fast operation, high
efficiency, low cost, low power and higher
performance.
[8] Wilfried Voss, A comprehensive guide to
controller area network, Copperhill Media
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Automatic Control systems, Eight edition, John wiley
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[10] Mazran Esro, Amat Amir Basari, Siva Kumar S,
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Network (CAN) Application in Security System”
World Academy of Science, Engineering and
Technology 35 2009.
VI. REFERENCES
[1] Kumar, M. A.Verma, and A. Srividya, ResponseTime “Modeling of Controller Area Network (CAN).
Distributed Computing and Networking, Lecture
Notes in Computer Science Volume 5408, p 163-174,
2009.
R.SIVA BABU, has completed B.Tech (ECE) from
Sri Vasavi Engineering College and he is pursuing
his M.Tech in Embedded System at Gudlavalleru
Engineering College, AP.
[2] Tindell, K., A. Burns, and A.J. Wellings,
Calculating controller area network (CAN) message
response times. Control Engineering Practice, 3(8): p.
1163-1169, 2005.
[3] Li, M., Design of Embedded Remote
Temperature Monitoring System based on Advanced
RISC Machine. Electrotechnics Electric, 06, p. 273,
2009.
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[5] ISO (1993). Road Vehicles: Interchange of
Digital Information: Controller Area Network (CAN)
for High Speed Communication. ISO 11898:1993.
[6] B.Gmbh, “CAN specification” vol 1 Version 2.0,
1991.
[7] Pazul, “Controller Area Network (CAN) Basics”,
Microchip technology Inc., AN713, May 1999.
V.Narasimha Rao, is working as Assistant Professor
in Gudlavalleru Engineering College, AP. He
completed his P.G. in computers and communication
systems. So far he has 10 years of teaching
experience