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Group 3: Eastern Plains Dry Forests Location: Roberto • • • • • • • 1. Ms. Amalia Maling 2. Mr. Masphal Kry Facilitators: 3. Mr. Nick Cox 4. Mr. Simon Mahood • 1. Mr. David Emmet 5. Mr. Sovanny Chhum • 2. Mr. Jonathan Cook 6. Dr. Sovuthy Pheav 7. Mr. Warren Brockelman Lower Mekong Dry Forests: Eastern Cambodia 21 July 2009 Core Values (1) Critically endangered/threatened species: – – – – – – Giant and white-shouldered ibis; adjutants Slender-billed, white rumped, red-headed vulture Asian elephant Wild cattle (banteng, gaur) Wild cats (tiger, clouded leopard) Primates (e.g. yellow-cheeked gibbon) Core Values (2) Important range of habitats: • Largest contiguous block of deciduous/dry dipterocarp forest in SE Asia • Dry/seasonal evergreen forest • Seasonal wetlands • Open grasslands • Riparian forests • Upland evergreen forests (dry season refugia) Core Values (3) Broad range of ecosystem services: • Carbon sequestration • Watershed regulation for Mekong tributaries • Ecotourism • Cultural/traditional values • Livelihoods for local communities, e.g. – Food (agriculture), NTFPs, timber, fisheries, etc. Development and Other Non-Climate Changes (Present/Planned) • Mining (small and large-scale, gold/bauxite) • Economic land concessions • Agriculture (large-scale: rubber, biofuels; small-scale: rice, cassava) • Roads (+ secondary effects such as forest clearance, wildlife trade, invasive species) • Hydropower (2 major dams planned) • Migration (expected from lowland areas ) Potential Impacts from Climate Change • • • • • Increased temperatures throughout year Longer dry season Greater variability in timing of rainfall More extreme events (droughts/floods) Potential changes in fire regimes Potential Indicators for Monitoring Impacts of Climate Change (1) • Species – Gibbons [range] – extent of evergreen forest – Ibis and stork [presence/absence] – extent of seasonal wetlands – Carnivores, e.g. dhole/leopard [range] – overall ecosystem stability and impacts on prey species – Other, e.g. amphibians/invertebrates – shorterterm fluctuations (population explosions) Potential Indicators for Monitoring Impacts of Climate Change (2) • Habitats – Forests • Dry dipterocarp, semi-evergreen, evergreen • Monitor extent and type through remote sensing • Monitor tree mortality, recruitment, and growth through permanent plots on elevational transects – Permanent waterholes • Map location • Monitor annual changes – Fire monitoring • Dry season duration • Rainfall fluctuation Potential Indicators for Monitoring Impacts of Climate Change (3) • Ecosystem services – Human livelihoods for local communities • • • • Crop yields Planting times Location/extent of agricultural land in existing villages Changing importance/values of different NTFPs [e.g. fish/frogs/honey/resin/bamboo] • Local market surveys at set times of year – Watershed regulation • Flow regimes for small rivers within watershed ADAPTATION STRATEGIES – DRY FORESTS • 1. Review of national protected areas to assess viability and coverage of conservation values when taking climate change into account • CI document for Cardamoms – can be replicated and expanded – partners include REDD team in FA, government adaptation team in MoE, WWF, WCS, development NGOs, • 2. Review suitability of land, taking climate change into account – develop a diverse climate resilient landscape, e.g., for agriculture, including new crops. • Potential for WWF to expand existing work • 3. Ensure the permanence of wetlands across the landscape – review locations and permanence of wetlands, expand wetlands if necessary to ensure they remain permanent even in times of reduced rainfall and longer dry seasons • WWF, WCS, Birdlife, FA, MoE • 4. Assess potential for adaptation by local communities – conduct studies to assess existing adaptation strategies used by local communities. • WWF, WCS, FA, other • 5. Ensure dry season refugia for wildlife (evergreen forests) are protected and accessible to wildlife – increased protection, reduced logging, maintain/develop corridors • FA, MoE, WWF, WCS, Birdlife • 6. Fire management in an effort to reduce forest loss – pilot study, assessment of positive and negative effects, expand to protected areas as appropriate • 7. Ensure effective management of freshwater for livelihood needs throughout the year – ensure water access during dry season by expanding existing small reservoirs, improving irrigation, water containers, diverse and intensified crops and livelihoods – integrate into existing commune-level planning processes • Development NGO, other