Download Chapter 6-Sec1-Greek Art of the Golden Age

Chapter 6-Sec1-Greek Art of the Golden Age
1.Golden Age of Greece
a. Lasted from about ______ to _______, only ____ years
b. The period between the __________ and __________ wars.
c. The city of _________ was the center of Greek culture at this time.
2. Greek Architecture
a. Greek ________ (shrines to the Gods) had the finest Greek architecture.
b. Surrounded with a _______________(row of columns).
c. Three orders (types) of columns
________
.
______
__________
d. At the top of the temple was a triangle shaped _________often painted with bright colors
e. Inside the temple was a shrine with a ______________ of one or more of the Gods
3. Architecture & the P____________________
a. After Athens was burned during the Persian Wars, it rebuilt its temple to ________, called
called the ___________,which is one of the most beautiful buildings in the world.
b. Built on the __________ (hill ) of Athens; built of white _________.
c. Known for its perfectly balanced p_________ (4:9 was considered the most pleasing)
c. Used ________ ____________ to make it look perfect to the human eye
d. Inside was a huge statue of ________ made of __________ & _________.
e. Heavily damaged in 1687 when it was used to story _____ _______, and it blew up!
4. ______________ Painting
a. Best preserved examples of Greek painting are on ________
b. Scenes from ________________ or ________________
c. Either _________ on ____________, or __________ on ___________
5. Sculpture
a. Original Greek statues are rare today, so we mostly know them from ___________ copies
b. Early Greek sculpture was _________________, like Egyptian painting
c. By the 400’s, figures were _______________________________________, but more
beautiful and fit than any real person. Then often portrayed the _______ human body.
6. Greek Art General Characteristics
a. Glorified the ____________________________________________________
b. Was displayed in ______ for _______________________________________________
c. Expressed Greek beliefs in _________________________________________________
d. Much Greek Art was also ___________________________________________________
VIDEOS______________________________
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICmlfXZnkns
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Sec 2 PHILOSOPHERS & WRITERS
1. Early Greek Philosophy
a. Philosophy literally means ________ of _________; it means the study of the
basic questions of _________ and _____________________.
b. The earliest Greek philosophers studied ___________________________;
they are often called _____________.
c. Example: D______________, who theorized that everything is made tiny particles called
________
2. The 3 Greatest Greek Philosophers
a. S__________________
1) Roamed around the Athenian _________(marketplace), talking to people
2) Asked __________ to force people to test their own ideas
3) S_________ Method: teaching through asking questions
4) Falsely accused of denying the existence of the ______ and corrupting the
____________.
5) After the end of the Peloponnesian war, he was put on trial, found _________ by an
Athenian jury.
6) He refused to ___________, and was executed by
___________________________________
b. P__________________: a student of S______________
1) Wrote his philosophy in the form of d____________ between S________ and other
people
2) Founded the A________, a school of philosophy in Athens
3) Theory of F________: all material things are just imperfect expressions or copies of
the perfect universal ideas, called F_______.
4) Allegory of the C_______: all human beings are like prisoners in a c_______. The
physical things we see around us, are like s_________ on the wall of the c_________.
5) Identified God with the Form of G________
6) Our s______ are immortal, and are rein____________
c. A_____________________: a student of P_______________
1) Unlike P_______ believed that material things are r_______
2) Believed every field of knowledge should be studied l_______, studied & wrote about
almost e____________
3) Wrote scientific works and c________ many things
4) Also wrote: E________-what is god and bad; P_________-analyzed poetry and drama;
P____________ analyzed different forms of government, and what makes a
government good or bad.
5) Teacher of A_________ the Great.
3. Greek Approach to science.
a. Scientists of earlier civilizations explained natural events as ____________________.
b. Greek scientists explained the natural world in terms of _________________________.
4.Greek Mathematics.
a. Most important mathematician of the Golden Age was P__________
b. P________ believed math was the _________________
c. P________ developed the P__________ theorem
d. P________ established a community of m_________.
5.Greek Science & medicine
a. H____________is regarded as the founded of m_______ science.
b. Wrote man medical studies, based on o_________, ex________ and ex_______.
c. Believed disease comes from ________________, not ________________.
d. Doctors still take the H_____________ Oath, a pledge to fallow a code of ethics based on
the teachings of H_____________________
6. Greek Historians-Greeks were the first to take history seriously and try to write it accurately
a. H_______________-called the father of history
1) wrote an account of his t____________ to other lands, including Egypt & Mesopotamia
2) wrote the “History of the ________________ Wars”
3) he sometimes ex______________, but was careful to distinguish
_______________________________ from ___________________________.
b. Th_________________- 2nd great Greek historian
1) wrote the “History of the __________________ War”
2) probed deeply into the __________ of this war, and believed that studying the past
helps us understand ___________________.
7. Greek Theatre
a. Greeks were the first to write “d________”-plays with ________ or _________
b. _, _, or _ actors; also a ___________ -a group of 12-15 performers, who spoke together
and ______________________ or _________________
c. Performed wearing _______________
d. Plays often performed in honor of the god D_____________. In Athens there was a
annual dramatic
e. There were 2 main types of plays: _______________ & _________________
f. Most famous writers of tragedy:
i. ____________________
ii. ____________________
iii. ____________________
g. Most famous writer of comedy: ____________________
The Allegory of the Cave
1. Plato realizes that the general run of humankind can think, and speak, etc., without (so far as they acknowledge)
any awareness of his realm of Forms.
2. The allegory of the cave is supposed to explain this.
3. In the allegory, Plato likens people untutored in the Theory of Forms to prisoners chained in a cave, unable to turn
their heads. All they can see is the wall of the cave. Behind them burns a fire. Between the fire and the prisoners
there is a parapet, along which puppeteers can walk. The puppeteers, who are behind the prisoners, hold up
puppets that cast shadows on the wall of the cave. The prisoners are unable to see these puppets, the real objects,
that pass behind them. What the prisoners see and hear are shadows and echoes cast by objects that they do not
see. Here is an illustration of Plato’s Cave:
From Great Dialogues of Plato (Warmington and Rouse, eds.) New York, Signet Classics: 1999. p. 316.
4. Such prisoners would mistake appearance for reality. They would think the things they see on the wall (the
shadows) were real; they would know nothing of the real causes of the shadows.
5. So when the prisoners talk, what are they talking about? If an object (a book, let us say) is carried past behind
them, and it casts a shadow on the wall, and a prisoner says “I see a book,” what is he talking about?
He thinks he is talking about a book, but he is really talking about a shadow. But he uses the word “book.” What
does that refer to?
6. Plato gives his answer at line (515b2). The text here has puzzled many editors, and it has been frequently
emended. The translation in Grube/Reeve gets the point correctly:
“And if they could talk to one another, don’t you think they’d suppose that the names they used applied to the
things they see passing before them?”
7. Plato’s point is that the prisoners would be mistaken. For they would be taking the terms in their language to refer
to the shadows that pass before their eyes, rather than (as is correct, in Plato’s view) to the real things that cast the
shadows.
If a prisoner says “That’s a book” he thinks that the word “book” refers to the very thing he is looking at. But he
would be wrong. He’s only looking at a shadow. The real referent of the word “book” he cannot see. To see it, he
would have to turn his head around.
8. Plato’s point: the general terms of our language are not “names” of the physical objects that we can see. They are
actually names of things that we cannot see, things that we can only grasp with the mind.
9. When the prisoners are released, they can turn their heads and see the real objects. Then they realize their error.
What can we do that is analogous to turning our heads and seeing the causes of the shadows? We can come to
grasp the Forms with our minds.
10. Plato’s aim in the Republic is to describe what is necessary for us to achieve this reflective understanding. But
even without it, it remains true that our very ability to think and to speak depends on the Forms. For the terms of
the language we use get their meaning by “naming” the Forms that the objects we perceive participate in.
11. The prisoners may learn what a book is by their experience with shadows of books. But they would be mistaken
if they thought that the word “book” refers to something that any of them has ever seen.
Likewise, we may acquire concepts by our perceptual experience of physical objects. But we would be mistaken
if we thought that the concepts that we grasp were on the same level as the things we perceive.